Subject index

A

• adverbiality

  30

• advertisements

  2, 32, 66, 72, 163

• aesthetic design

  2, 33, 37

• agony aunt columns

  2

• airport fiction

  24

• alliteration

  22, 32

  • stress patterns

    78, 82

• ambiguity

  63, 151

• ambivalence

  52–3

• anecdotes

  29, 157, 166

• Anglo-Saxon poetry

  • Auden, influence on

    77, 80

  • Exeter book riddles and poems

    81–3

  • heroism, theme of

    82–3

  • metrical schemes

    5

  • monks and religious culture

    83

  • phonology and rhetoric

    5, 77

  • prosody

    34

  • riddles, importance of

    82

  • social concerns

    25

  • social history

    25, 33

  • stress patterns

    82

  • warmth of

    34

• annihilation

  25

• anthropomorphisation

  49

• antithesis

  32

• antonymy

  181

• apostrophes

  91–3

• appreciation

  • of literary texts

    101, 110

• artificial intelligence (AI)

  163

• assonance

  22, 32

• asyndeton

  31–2

• attractors

  37, 47–8

  • character description and

    50

  • cognitive-poetic view of

    48

  • mental

    47

• audience

  • awareness of

    31

  • representation of

    62–3

• Australia

  52

• authority

  • concept of

    27–8

B

• banter

  172

• bathos

  116

• bet-sensitivity

  140–1

• biblical stories

  • Book of Genesis

    59, 65, 66–8; , 71

    see also religion

• BNC (British National Corpus)

  150

• ‘bodice rippers’

  24

• body language

  143

• broad truth conditions

  173

C

• calor cogitationis

  11–12, 23, 25–34

• Canada

  • irony, pragmatics of

    172

• CANCODE Corpus (Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English)

  6, 149–68

  • data

    150–2, 158, 164–7

  • echoing and converging

    153–4

  • linguistic and literary theory

    167–8

  • morphological inventiveness

    152–3

  • pattern-reforming choices

    154–5, 158–9, 166

  • pattern-reinforcing choices

    154–5, 158–9, 166

  • punning and playing

    150–2

  • research

    155

    see also literary language

• capitalism

  72–3

• caricature

  6, 127–8, 131, 133–4, 136, 143–4

• catasterism

  88, 91, 93, 100

• characterisation

  46

• Cheating at Canasta

  101–10

  • internal text-world variation

    108–10

  • speech presentation

    105–8

  • stylistic analysis

    104–5

  • text

    103

  • thought presentation

    108–10

  • viewpoint

    108–10

• Christianity

  19–20; , 34, 124

  see also religious texts

• civilization

  83

• CNN (Cable News Network)

  57, 73–4

  • diagrammatic taxis at

    68–72

• COBUILD Corpus (Collins Birmingham University International Language Database)

  150

• cognition of attention

  47

• cognitive anthropology

  158–9

• cognitive linguistics

  42–4, 48, 159–61, 180

  • cognitive discourse grammar

    47

  • cognitive envelope

    110

  • cognitive grammar

    43–4, 47

  • cognitive poetics

    48, 137

  • cognitive stylistics

    47, 137

  • cognitive refreshment

  • cognitive wager

    160

  • literary language and

    159–61

• cohesion

  26

  • cohesive devices

    23

• comedy

  163

  • comic discourse

    1–2

  • comic frame

    72–3

  • social

    32

  • stand-up

    178–9;

    see also humour/humorous language

• composition

  1, 25

  • textual

    2

• compound words

  31

• conceptual frames

  180–1

• confessional poetry

  4, 11, 13, 21

• constructive approach

  23

• contradiction

  181

• conversational English

  • casual

    154, 163, 167

• corpus linguistics

  44

• corpus stylistics

  44, 104, 120–2

• counter-coding strategies

  172–3

• counter-factuals

  130–1

  • conditionals

    137

• creation theory

  142

• creative illusion

  25, 32–3

• creative metaphor

• creative writing

  1, 4–5, 113–15

• creativity

  113–14, 149–55, 165, 167

  • meaning of

    25

  • morphological

    152–3, 166

  • in language

    24–5

• crime and retribution genre

  120

• critical theory

  37, 42, 45

• cross-cultural studies

  • irony, pragmatics of

    171–90

• cubism

  60

• cultural theory

  • cultural framing

    47

  • cultural materialism

    44

  • cultural meaning

    52

  • cultural studies

    145–6

  • key thinkers

    6, 134–5

D

• defamiliarization

  • definition of

    81

• deixis

  123–4

• democracy

  • concept of

    141

• denotation

  137

• descriptive approach

  23

• design

  • concept of

    59–60

  • in prose

    12, 23, 25–6

• detective genre

  128

  • Sherlock Holmes

    132–3, 136, 145

• deviation theory

  156

  see also literary language

• devotional poetry

  22

• diagrammatic taxis

• digital technology

  68–9, 74

• Direct Speech (DS)

  104, 106–7, 110

• discourse

  • analysis

    1, 46, 180

  • framing

    37

  • patterns

    6

  • of power

    131

  • presentation

    101–10

• disposition

  57

• domains

  13, 141

• double entendres

  83

E

• early modern English

  91, 95–7

• eavesdropping

  70

• echo

  • lexical and syntactic

    153–4, 166

  • phonological/phonaesthetic

    152, 156

• echoic irony

• ecocriticism

  44

• elitism

  143

• emotion

  12, 50, 52, 120–5, 129

• enactment

  • concept of

    42–3

• English usage

  1, 3, 23–4, 27, 66

• entailment

  64

• epigraphs

  19

• epistemology

  140

• epistolary genre

  30–1, 114–15

• epithets

  31

• ethics

  • fictional discourse

    144–5

• etymology

  25, 33

• eulogy

  85–6, 89, 94

  • rhetorical fabric of Jonson’s

    90–2

• Exeter Book

  77

  • Anglo-Saxon riddles and poems

    81–3

  • poetry and play in the riddles

    83

• experimental psychology

  175

• external narration

  104, 110

• eye-tracking

  44

F

• fables

  136

• Facebook

  175

• facial expression

  143

• Falklands war

  116

• false starts

  154

• fantasy fiction

  136

• feminism

  44, 117, 134

• fiction writing

  113–25

  • ethics of

    144–5

  • language of popular

    24, 29–30

  • logical status of

    6

• fictional worlds

  127–9, 140, 146

  • concept of

    136–7

  • factual worlds and

    135–6

• fictive motion

  49–50

• fictive nation

  133

• figurative language

  159–60

• First Folio

  85, 100

  • preliminary matter

    88–90, 96, 98

• fixed expressions

  6, 151–2, 166

• flashback

  5, 109

• focalisers

  101, 102, 105, 108

• folk beliefs

  6

• folk linguistics

  81, 171, 185, 188

• foregrounding

  107, 122

• forensic linguistics

  173

• formalism

  125, 63, 162

• formulaic phrases

  166

• frames

  180–1

• Free Indirect Speech (FIS)

  106–7

• Free Indirect Thought (FIT)

  108–9

• French intellectuals

  127–8, 134, 142–3, 145

• French Theory

  6, 129, 131, 134, 142, 146

  see also culture: cultural theory

• functional prose

  65

G

• gender ideology

  24, 29

• generative wager

  160

• geometry

  60

• Germany

  • language

    81

  • politics

    140–1

  • television shows

    146

• gestalt psychology

  47

• graffiti

  163

• grammar

  63

  • choice

    24

  • literary art and

    25

  • patterns

    42

  • popular fiction

    30

• Greek classical authors

  88, 91–2, 99–100, 132

H

• hazard of reiteration

  189

• heart-spaces

  13, 17–21

• heightened engagement

  113

• hermeneutic gap

  44

• heroism theme

  29–30, 82, 91

• hesitation

  154

• High Emotional Involvement (HEI) model

  5–6, 113, 121–5

• history

  162

  • Anglo-Saxon; European

    25

  • fiction and

    137

  • historical fiction

    136

  • historical linguistics

    80

• humour/humorous language

  2–3, 7, 24, 28–9, 97, 171–90

  • black humour of Victorian comic songs

    28

  • comic expansion

    28

  • dynamic structure of

    28

  • failure of ‘jokes’

    142

  • formulaic

    28

  • grim

    29

  • as a human characteristic

    28

  • poetic

    21

  • research

    172

  • social and cultural experience

    28

  • speech

    29

    see also comedy; irony; parody; satire

• hyperbole

  14, 32

• hyponymic pattern

  151

I

• iconicity

  42–3

• iconography

  46

• identity

  • display

    164, 166

  • national

    94–6

• ideology

  24–5; , 29

  see also gender ideology

• idiom

  118–19, 152, 164, 166

• illocutionary theory

  135, 138–9, 141

• illusion

  • creative

    25, 113–15, 118–19, 125

• imagination

  119

• imagined communities

  • identity of

    94–5

• imperatives

  92

• incrementum

  32

• Indirect Speech (IS)

  104, 106–7

• inherency models

  155–7;

  see also literary language

• intentional fallacy

  139

• internal narration (IN)

  104, 108, 110

• internal world

  105

• internet

  68–9

  • hypertextuality of

    71

    see also social media

• interpersonality

  167–8

• interruption

  154

• intersubjectivity

  135, 167

• intertextuality

  127, 132–3, 142

• Ireland

  • irony, pragmatics of

    6, 171–90

• irony

  27, 102

  • as bicoherence

    174

  • context-determined

    173

  • corpus-based approaches

    173, 182

  • cross-cultural perspectives on the pragmatics of

    171–90

  • echoic model of (use/mention distinction)

    173

  • forensic contexts

    173

  • global cultural comparisons

    184–9

  • implicit and explicit aspects

    173

  • as indirect negation

    173

  • ironic situations

    171–2, 174, 180–1, 187, 189

  • irony inducing expressions

    176

  • modelling situational irony 180fig.

  • neo-Gricean perspective

    173

  • non-ironic situations

    171, 175, 177, 186

  • North American perceptions of

    6, 171–90

  • paradox and

    174, 179, 189

  • as pretence

    173

  • quantification of

    171, 176, 182, 184

  • relevant inappropriateness

    173

  • reversal of evaluation

    173

  • semantics/pragmatics interface

    173, 183

  • sexism and

    173

  • situational

    6–7, 171, 174, 179–81, 189

  • surreal elements

    173

  • television shows

    173

  • temporality and

    181

  • umbrella definition of

    174, 179, 180

  • verbal

    174

  • word cloud analysis

    183–5

J

• Jedi realist movement

  136

• jokes

  29, 166

  • joke design

    28

• journals

  66

K

• kenning poetry

  5, 77, 81

  • definition of

    81

L

• language change

  27

• langue and parole

  162

• Latin maxims

  19

• legal discourse

  2, 173–4

• Leitmotiv

  46

• levelling patterns

  179

• lexis

  25

  • lexical absolutes

    123–4

  • lexical choice

    29

  • lexical imagery

    79

  • lexical repetition

    123–4

  • lexical semantics

    160, 162

• lifestyle magazines

  173

• line-length

  12

• linguistic arbitrariness

  42

• linguistic patterning

  37

• listing

  31

• literal language

  160–1

• literariness

  149, 156, 158, 161–3, 167

• literary criticism

  24, 37–8, 40–2

  • traditional approaches

    118, 121

• literary critics

  131

• literary framing

  46

• literary language

  • CANCODE data

    164–5

  • cognitive models

    159–61

  • definitions

    155–61

  • deviation theory

    156

  • inherency models

    155–7

  • literary vs non-literary language

    6

  • non-literary language vs

    161–8

  • pleasure

    162–4

  • self-referentiality

    156

  • socio-cultural models

    157

  • verbal play

    162–4

  • writing and

    149–50

• literary meaning

  42

• literary theory

  44, 134–5, 139

  • CANCODE

    167–8

• literature teaching

  167

• logic

• love

  • poetry

    161

  • theme of

    19, 21

M

• Marxist criticism

  44

• materialist approach

  140

• mathematics

  46

• medieval madrigals

  2

• memory

  5

  • ‘organisation packet’

    180

• mental processing

  123

• mental spaces

  180–1

• metaphor

  18–19, 21, 25, 29, 31

  • common forms

    49–50

  • conceptual

    42

  • creative

    6, 124, 152, 161

  • everyday

    162

  • extension

    163, 166

  • feelings and

    52

  • figurative language and

    160–1

  • kenning poetry and

    81

• metonymy

  18, 151

• metrical schemes

  5

• metrical stress

  14

• Middle English

  80

  • metrical and rhetorical devices

    80–1

  • mock ‘Umfrey’ poems

    3, 13–15

• miners’ strike

  116

• modality

  23, 137

• modernism

  60, 158

  • modernist poetry

    81

  • pre-modernist thinkers

    162

    see also postmodernism

• monoculturalism

  116

• monosyllabic words

  18

• Monty Python sketches

  132n3

• mood

  47, 63

• morphemes

  42

• morphological creativity

  152–3, 166

• musical design

  33

• mythograms

  57, 59, 68, 71

• myths and legends

  135–6

N

• narrative

  • closure

    113, 119–22

  • patterning

    47

  • structure

    24, 29, 63

  • style

    5, 101

• narratology

  44, 61, 121

• Narrator’s Presentation of Speech (NPS)

  104

• Narrator’s Presentation of Speech Acts (NPSA)

  106–7

• Narrator’s Presentation of Voice (NPV)

  106

• Narrator’s Representation of Speech (NRS)

  104

• national identity

• natural law

  29

• natural sciences

  141

• naturalistic readings

  41–2

• negation

  181

  • clause

    123–4

• neologisms

  27

• New Criticism

  45

• New Historicism

  146

• newspapers/print media

  65, 66, 163, 172

• nonsense talk

  144

O

• Old English

  5, 80

  • metrical and rhetorical devices

    80–1

  • poetic darkness

    34

  • poetic parodies of

    3

  • poetry

    2

  • stylistic exploration

    1

  • verse

    22

• Old Icelandic

  81

• Old Norse

  1, 5, 81

• omniscient narration (3rd person)

  102

• online platforms

  • broadcast news

    177

  • surveys

    175

• onomatopoeia

  13–14

• ontology

  136–40

• ordinary language use

  167–8

• ordinary meaning

  138

• ordinary versus professional readers

  127, 129, 142

• overlapping

  154

P

• paradox

  29

  • irony and

    174, 179, 189

• parallelism

  32, 158–9; , 166

  see also syntactic parallelism

• para-repetition

• paratext

  139

• parenthesis

  94

• parody

  2–5, 28, 57, 127–8, 143, 145, 172

  • mock-Middle English poetry

    15

  • of taxis/arrangement

    67

  • power in

    64–6

• participiality

  30

• pastiche

  3

• perlocutionary theory

  135

• personality

  61–2

• personification

  91

• persuasion

  • art of

    31–2, 58

  • literary

    61

  • power of the human voice

    132

  • schemes of

    4–5, 57

  • wit of

    12, 24, 31, 57–74

• philology

  33

• philosophy

  162

  • of language

    137, 140–1, 144–6

• phonemes

  42

• phonology

  114

  • Anglo-Saxon poetry

    5, 78–9

• pleasure

  149, 154–5, 158–9, 162–5, 167–8

  • aesthetic

    168

    see also literary language

• poet (scop)

  • role of

    25, 34

• poetic function

  129

• politeness

  101, 106–7, 172

  • positive and negative

    96

• politics

  • British and American

    146

  • of language study

    24

  • political science

    162

  • spolitical speech

    57, 66, 68

• popular songs

  163, 178, 186

• portmanteau

  124

• positivism

  42

• possible worlds

  137

• postmodernism

  131–2

  • cultural studies

    145–6;

    see also modernism

• power of discourse

  131

• pragmatics

  114, 138–9

• prescriptivism

  27

• presentationality

  158–9, 163, 165

  • cognitive aesthetics

    158

  • designed for performance

    158

    see also socio-cultural models

• press briefings

  69

• presupposition

  137

• pretence theory

  142, 144

• pronouns

  85

  • first person

    94, 96–7

  • poetic usage

    5

  • possessive

    85–6, 92–7

  • of power

    91

  • pronominal choice

    5, 85–6, 92, 94–6

  • pronominal density

    85–6, 92–7

  • second person

    91, 93

  • of solidarity

    91, 96

  • third person

    91, 94

• propositional logic

  137, 140

  see also philosophy of language

• prosopopoeia

  • definition

    82

• psycholinguistics

  44

• psychology

  • experimental

    175

  • gestalt

    47

  • irony and

    175, 177

  • socio-psychological aesthetics

    165–7

• public debate

  66

• Public Transaction English (PTE)

  66

• puns

  6, 29, 92, 151, 158, 162–3

• Punch and Judy shows

  144

• punctuation

  63

Q

• Questback

  175, 182

• questionnaires

  173, 175–9, 182, 192

• questions

  • follow up

    69, 71

  • unanswered

    154

R

• Reader Reception Theory (RRT)

  140

• reading

  • active

    62–3

  • close-reading

    45

  • reader-data

    44

  • readerly experience

    47

• realism

  13

• reductionism

  143

• referential function

  129

• reflectors

  102

• reformulation

  124

• religion

  135

  • religious poetry and ‘heart spaces’

    13, 17–21

  • religious texts

    11–34; , 136

    see also biblical stories

• Renaissance era

  • amour courtois manner

    89

  • praise and poetry

    89–90, 98–9

  • rhetoric, manuals on

    24

• repetition

  31, 123–4, 154

• reporting

  • clauses

    105

  • signal

    104

• resemblance

  25

  see also metaphor

• resonance

  37, 43, 52

  • attention-resonance model

    47

  • cultural

    187

  • definitions

    47

  • rewriting

    57, 73

• rhetoric

  1, 4, 7

  • analysis

  • Anglo-Saxon poetry

    5

  • arrangement

  • Ciceronian

    60

  • comic writers as rhetoricians

    33

  • copia

    67

  • definitions of

    59–64, 70

  • detective fiction

    131

  • discursive skills of

    60

  • dispositio

    60

  • as distraction

    31

  • dynamism of

    63–4

  • elocutio

    57

  • of entertainment

    31

  • epideictic (of praise)

    89

  • ethos

    62

  • facundia

    67

  • Greek and Roman rhetoricians

    24

  • historical English usage

    42, 66

  • of instruction

    31

  • kairos

    60

  • literariness of

    63

  • locus

    64

  • memoria

    69

  • Nash’s model of rhetorical relationships 58f.

    70

  • paideia

    69

  • of performance

    31

  • of pleasure

    32

  • political acts

    68

  • power of

    6

  • Quintilian’s student of

    12

  • Renaissance advice manuals on

    24

  • rhetorical claims

    68

  • rhetorical compulsion

    64

  • rhetorical design of prose

    25

  • rhetorical devices

  • rhetorical speech

    73

  • scope of

    24

  • semiology and

    135

  • sentence layout

    23

  • skills of

    31

  • sonnet practice

    17

  • structure and Jonson’s eulogy

    85–94

  • subtlety of

    32

  • subversive power of

    132

  • theory of

    61–4

  • as trickery

    63

  • wit of persuasion

    24, 31, 57–74

• rhyme

  12–13, 17–18, 29, 32

  • end

    22

  • humour and

    24

  • internal

    22

• rhythm

  11, 12, 14, 32, 63

  • humour and

    24

• riddles

  162

  • Anglo-Saxon

    81–3

  • authors of

    34, 77, 81

  • enigmata

    82

  • folk

    81

  • literary

    81

  • poetry and play in the Exeter Book

    83

• Roman antiquity

  88, 91–2, 99, 132

• romantic fiction

  29, 30

  • ‘happy ending’ genre

    120

S

• sarcasm

  172

• satire

  3, 6, 13, 92, 127–8, 143–6, 172
  also

• schema

  • poetics

    46

  • refreshment

    163, 166

• science

  162

  • fiction

    136

• secular writing

  11, 20

• self-discovery genre

  120

• self-referentiality

  156

  see also literary language

• semantics

  114, 139–41, 168

  • lexical

    160, 162

  • proper names

    137

  • semantic density

    167

• semiology

  135

• semiotics

  127, 130–3, 135, 143

  • semiotic objects

    139

  • semiotic theory

    142

• sexism

  173

• simile

  124

• simultaneity of events

  123–4

• situational irony

• social media

  69, 175

• social philosophy of language

  27

  see also philosophy: of language

• socialization of losses

  73

• socio-cultural models

  155, 157–9

  • presentationality

    158–9;

    see also literary language

• sonnetry

  13, 17–18

• sound patterning

  28, 32

• speech act theory

  136, 141, 150, 157

• speech events

  128–9

• speech presentation

  101, 104–8

• spoken discourse

  149–50, 155, 165

  • English usage

    27

  • fictional and dramatic dialogue

    6

    see also conversational English

• spoof

  4, 32, 145

• stance

  61–2

• stylistics

  • analysis in

    7, 44–52

  • choice and

    23

  • grammatical patterns

    5

  • lexical patterns

    5

  • literary criticism of the discipline

    40–2

  • models of

    12

  • modern literary linguistics

    4

  • objections to

    38–44

  • Old English

    1

  • sound patterns

    5

  • of subliminal effects

    52–3

  • traditions in linguistic

    2

• subjectivity

  44

• subliminal effects

  37, 52–3

  • intuition

    46, 53

  • stylistics of

    52–3

• symbolism

  46, 52

• syntax

  63, 79, 114

  • literary art and

    25

  • popular fiction and

    30

  • semantic value of

    43

  • syntactic agency

    48

  • syntactic choice

    24

  • syntactic form

    48

  • syntactic inversion

    18

  • syntactic length

    123

  • syntactic organisation

    25

  • syntactic parallelism

    32

  • syntactic patterning

    42

  • syntactic structure

    28

  • transformational-generative

    45

• systemic functional grammar (SFG)

  43, 114

T

• taxis

  57, 60, 62

  • diagrammatic

    66–72

  • non-classical

    65

• teasing

  172

• television shows

  173

  • unidirectionality of

    71

• temporality

• tense

  26, 109, 181

• terza rima

  21

• text world theory

  46, 101, 109, 137

  • internal variation

    108–10

• text-reception

  125

• textual patterning

  46–7

• textual properties

  139

• textual theory

  144

• textuality

  162

• texture 5

  263

  • Lawrentian style and stylistics

    37, 40, 41, 47, 53

• thought presentation

  101, 104, 108–10

• thriller genre

  24, 29, 127–46

• time

  • definers

    26

  • relaters

    26

  • spaces

    13

• To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author

  85–97

• topic switching

  154

• transcendence

  25
  also

• turn-taking

  101, 106–7

• TV reports

  66

  • broadcast 24–hour news

    69, 73–4

• Twitter

  69, 175

U

• understanding

  • of literary texts

    101, 110

• United Kingdom (UK)

  • early modern history

    95–7

  • irony, pragmatics of

    6, 171–90

  • politics

    146

• United States (UK)

  • cultural traditions

    52

  • irony, pragmatics of

    6, 171–90

  • politics

    146

• unparliamentary language

  117

• urban myths

  171

V

• verbal play

  149, 151, 153, 155, 162–7

  • verbal duelling/flyting

    158

  • verbal games

    162

  • verbal inventiveness

    6

    see also literary language

• victimage

  • language of

    64

• Victorian era

  • infant mortality and black humour

    28

  • rhetorical definitions of poetry

    59

• viewpoint

  102, 108–10

  • features and transitions

    5

  • Lawrentian style and stylistics

    37, 41, 49

  • manipulation

    108

W

• ‘Wall Street’ speech

  72–3

• Wanderer, The

  77–83

  • context

    79–80

  • discourse

    79–80

  • preliminary reading

    78–9

  • style

    79

  • text

    79–80

  • tone

    79

• warmth of thought

  • concept of

    4, 11–34

• wiretapping

  69, 72

• wit

  28, 97, 100, 186

  • of persuasion

• Wmatrix software

  122

• writer-reader relationship

  25

• written language

  • creativity in

  • English usage

    27

  • as a heuristic process

    31, 67

  • literary language and

    6, 149–50

  • spokenness of

    33

    see also fiction writing