Chapter 1
1. From www.suasponte.com.
Chapter 2
2. Journals of Major Robert Rogers (New York: Corinth Books, 1961), p. 43.
Chapter 3
3. From www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/9981a.jpg. Page last accessed December 2008.
4. Historical information on Camp Stoneman is from the California State Military Department’s California State Military Museum web page, which can be found at http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpStoneman.html (last accessed December 2008).
5. J. C. Watts, Jr., Korean Nights: The 4th Ranger Infantry (Abn), 1950–1951 (St. Petersburg, FL: Southern Heritage Press, 1997), pp. 77, 79.
6. Mary Allen shared her personal letters from her husband, Lieutenant Warren Allen, with the authors.
7. Statistics from the Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation, Inc., Washington, D.C.
8. Interview of Lorraine West, by Constance A. Burns in Washington, D.C., June 2003.
9. Interview of Arline Haywood Wall, by Constance A. Burns at the Armed Forces Retirement Home, Washington, D.C., March 2002.
10. Interview of Lorraine West, op. cit.
11. Computations performed with online calculator based on the U.S. Department of Labor’s Handbook of Labor Statistics, which can be found on the Internet at http://minneapolisfed.org/research/data/us/calc/, last accessed November 20, 2003.
Part II
Chapter 4
12. From www.intellnet.org/resources/korean_war_docs/rhee.htm. Page last accessed April 2004.
13. “How to Interview MacArthur,” Time, June 11, 1951, p. 93.
14. Interview of General Edward M. Almond, January 16, 1953; Box 11; “The Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940–1965,” Publications, Unpublished Manuscripts, and Supporting Records, 1943-77; Records of the Historical Services Division; Records of the Office of the Chief of Military History; Records of the Army Staff; Record Group 319; National Archives, College Park, Maryland.
15. “Command Report of the 32nd Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division for the Period of 1 to 31 January 1951.”
16. Queen learned of Baker’s prediction many years later, after his retirement from the Army, when he and Bates happened to have lunch together and were reminiscing.
17. “Command Report of the 32nd Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division for the Period of 1 to 31 January 1951.”
18. Interview of Lorraine West, op. cit.
19. “Command Report of the 32nd Infantry Regiment of the 7th Infantry Division for the Period of 1 to 31 January 1951.”
20. Letter of Appreciation from Major General Claude B. Ferenbaugh, USA Commander, Headquarters 7th Infantry Division, Office of the Commanding General APO 7 to Officers and Men of the 2d Ranger Infantry Company (Airborne) APO 7, SCS 200.6, 30 July 1951.
Chapter 5
21. John Lucas, The Big Umbrella: The History of the Parachute from da Vinci to Apollo (London: Elm Tree Books, 1973), p. 3.
22. Interview of General Edward M. Almond, op. cit.
23. Clay Blair, The Forgotten War, America in Korea, 1950-53 ( NY: Random House, 1987), p. 849.
24. The Rakkasan, “Presentation for the Korean Conflict (War) Memorial,” Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, July 27, 1997, 187th ARCT News booklet, Fall 1997, p. 56.
25. Sketches A through D show the original drawings from the Munsan-ni after-action report that was submitted as soon as the 187th ARCT was relieved by the 3rd Infantry Division and returned to the Taegu Airfield (K-2) marshalling area.
26. Special Order 96, author.
27. John Terrell only remained with the unit for a short period before he was transferred to an anti-aircraft unit in Japan. Robert Vails remained and, through special intervention by SMG Weathersbee, in 1992 he was awarded the official Ranger Tab at his retirement ceremonies from the Reserve Recruiting Command in New York City.
28. Shelby L. Stanton, Rangers at War (New York: Orion Books, 1992), pp. 7-13.
29. Robert W. Black, Rangers in Korea (New York: Ballantine Books, 1989), pp. 175-8.
30. Blair, p. 921.
31. Ibid., pp. 389, 581-3, 784-9.
Chapter 6
32. Black, p. 165.
33. The lead platoon, from what Queen believed to be Company A, remained in position but didn’t aid the morning counterattack by the Rangers. It was at this time that Queen called, “Fix Bayonets!”
Chapter 7
34. Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social and Military History, Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2000), p. 708.
35. Russo completed a civilian jump school before joining the 101st. There are no remarks about him on the Morning Reports of June, but it was not unusual for activity not to be recorded, or recorded very late and with errors. He became a commercial artist and has made numerous drawings of his days with 2nd Company.
Chapter 8
36. Watts, p. 299.
37. The eleventh person listed appears to be Lieutenant Jack Bink, 4th Ranger Company, because Joe Watts, Korean Nights, p. 304, wrote: “Lt. Jack Bink, who evidently was not parachute qualified, goes off to the Chunchon, K-47, to learn.”
38. Category III meant that you were guaranteed another three years of active duty when the Army was still in the action, or an officer reduction. Officers whose category was not renewed but desired to remain in the service could usually enlist (re-enlist) at the rank of master sergeant (E-7). At the time of the Korean War, former officers who were now enlisted men (E-7) were being recalled to active duty. First Lieutenant Vernon Baker, belated World War II Medal of Honor recipient, was one of those recalled; however, he was not allowed to volunteer for combat duty in Korea. In his book Lasting Valor (1997) he states this was because he had been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross while serving in the 92nd Infantry Division in Italy.
39. Black, p. 200.
40. Ibid., p. 203.
41. Ranger Bob Black discovered the error and the necessary paperwork was submitted. “Big Jim” Queen and a large contingent of Buffalo Rangers attended. The award was made by Major General John Singlaub, who had spoken about the ability of black paratroopers. General Singlaub served briefly as XO, 3d Battalion, 505th Infantry Regiment, 82d Airborne Division, Fort Bragg, NC, and as a G-3 Training Officer in the Ranger Training Command at Fort Benning, GA.
Chapter 9
42. Robert Irving Channon, ed., The Cold Steel Third: 3rd Airborne Ranger Company, Korean War, 1950–1951 (Franklin, NC: Genealogy Publishing Service, 1993), p. 637.