Contents

     Acknowledgements

     A Note on Transliteration

     Maps

  1 The Russian Empire in 1900

  2 The Soviet Union, 1924–1936

  3 The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe after 1945

  4 The Commonwealth of Independent States in 1997

  5 The Russian Federation in 1997

     Introduction

  1 And Russia? 1900–1914

  2 The Fall of the Romanovs 1914–1917

PART ONE

  3 Conflicts and Crises 1917

  4 The October Revolution 1917–1918

  5 New World, Old World

  6 Civil Wars 1918–1921

  7 The New Economic Policy 1921–1928

  8 Leninism and its Discontents

PART TWO

  9 The First Five-Year Plan 1928–1932

10 Fortresses under Storm: Culture, Religion, Nation

11 Terror upon Terror 1934–1938

12 Coping with Big Brothers

13 The Second World War 1939–1945

     CODA

14 Suffering and Struggle 1941–1945

PART THREE

15 The Hammers of Peace 1945–1953

16 The Despot and his Masks

17 ‘De-Stalinization’ 1953–1961

18 Hopes Unsettled 1961–1964

19 Stabilization 1964–1970

PART FOUR

20 ‘Developed Socialism’ 1970–1982

21 Privilege and Alienation

22 Towards Reform 1982–1985

23 Glasnost and Perestroika 1986–1988

24 Imploding Imperium 1989

25 Hail and Farewell 1990–1991

26 Power and the Market 1992–1993

27 The Lowering of Expectations 1994–1999

28 And Russia? From 2000

     Afterword

     Notes

     Bibliography

     Index