INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
administration, government: and clan system, 209–11; and classics, 54, 57, 61; decentralization of, 20, 21, 26, 30, 36, 74; local, 105–6; prefectural system (junxian) of, 15, 21, 25, 74, 175–84, 256, 258–61; and punishments, 59–60, 78, 79, 92, 99, 104–5, 107, 136, 178, 259, 260; and rebellions, 180–81; RZL on, 20–22, 54, 57, 59–60, 61, 74–94, 78, 79, 92, 95, 99, 104–7, 136, 256; SWJ on, 26, 27, 29, 30, 175–84, 208, 209–11, 258–61. See also officials; statecraft
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Empire’s Prefectures and States (Tianxia Junguo Libing; Gu Yanwu), 5, 7, 16–17, 212, 240, 247, 250, 251
agriculture, 7, 15, 237, 253; and military, 213, 215, 219–21; RZL on, 82, 88–90; SWJ on, 29, 184–90, 212, 213, 215, 219–21; and taxation, 88–90, 184–90
Ai, Duke (Lu), 96, 119, 203, 277n2, 300n2 (SWJ 3)
An Lushan Rebellion, 155, 256, 276n49
Analects (Lunyu), 18, 39, 46, 64–73; vs. Buddhism, 137; and customs, 107, 119; on language, 167, 172; on mind, 141, 142
astronomy, 14, 15, 25, 167–69
Bai Juyi, 148, 149, 189, 290n51, 298n17
Ban Chao, 152, 291n16
Ban Gu, 199, 291n16, 299n5
Bao Xi Shi (Fu Xi), 40, 41, 264n1
Baopu Zi (Ge Hong), 149, 290n53
barbarian tribes, 271n140, 272n155, 283n82, 291n19; RZL on, 65, 66, 84, 93, 103, 114–16, 151, 152, 166; SWJ on, 180. See also Xiongnu
Bartlett, Thomas C., 3, 16, 36, 256, 267n41
Bei Shi. See Northern History
Bie Ling, 229–30
Book of Etiquette (Yi Li), 18, 28, 39, 56–57, 68–72, 165. See also San Li
Book of Rites. See Li Ji
Buddhism, 252; Chan, 66, 137, 139, 140; and officials, 117–18; RZL on, 24, 66, 89–90, 95, 117–18, 136–38, 141, 155, 168; SWJ on, 30
Cai Jiufeng (Cai Shen), 139, 288n12
Cai Yong (Bojie), 102, 279nn25–27
calendar, 55, 56, 147
Cao Cao (Cao Mengde), 100, 101, 207, 275n30, 278n20, 279n28, 299n5, 301n7
Cao Mao (Gaogui Xianggong), 43–44, 265n20
Cao Shuang, 102, 279n28
Chan Buddhism (chanxue), 66, 137, 139, 140
Changes (Zhou Yi), 4, 16; vs. Buddhism, 136; in classics, 69, 70, 248, 305n41; commentaries on, 39, 41–45, 65, 167; in letters, 202, 206; origin of, 40–41; in RZL, 18–19, 39–45, 58, 61, 63, 65, 66, 147, 151, 160; scholars of, 160, 161; in SWJ, 28, 200, 202, 206
Chao Shi, 41, 43, 44
characters, written, 148, 160, 165, 171–72, 299n1
Chen Di, 16, 30, 248
Chen Liang, 31, 84, 217, 275n35, 303n17
Chen Yuan, 13, 35
Cheng, King (Zhou), 82, 165
Cheng Dachang, 152, 291n15, 292n24
Cheng Yi (Cheng Zhengshu), 41, 42–43, 45, 63, 141, 147, 265n9, 270n128, 271n131, 284n95
Chu, state of, 217, 218, 230, 231, 304n18; dialect of, 166, 167
Chu Ci (Songs of the South), 149, 162, 167, 172, 199
Chunqiu. See Spring and Autumn Annals
Cixi Huangshi Richao. See Huangshi Richao
clans: names of, 152, 153–54; RZL on, 59–60, 152, 153–54, 161; SWJ on, 29, 209–11
classics, 31, 32, 33; vs. Buddhism, 136, 138; and Confucianism, 99; and customs, 103; and examinations, 45, 127, 128, 133, 190, 191, 195, 196; Five, 42, 44, 55, 71, 151, 160–61, 191, 248, 305n41; Five vs. Nine, 68; Four Books, 4, 18, 59; Gu’s works on, 248–49; Nine, 64, 68–73, 248; RZL on, 18–20, 39–73, 99, 103, 127, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 141, 144, 148, 151, 160–61, 190, 191, 195, 196; scholars of, 28, 160–61; Six, 66, 67, 99, 103, 138, 141, 195, 200, 224; SWJ on, 28, 30, 191, 195, 200, 207, 224
Collected Poems and Essays of Gu Tinglin (Gu Tinglin Shiwenji; SWJ; Gu Yanwu), 2, 3, 11, 173–238; contents of, 15–16, 25–31; letters in, 28–29, 202–8; organization of, 25–31; prefaces in, 27–28, 198–202; publication of, 15; translations of, 3, 35–36; works in, 253
Comprehensive Mirror. See Tong Jian
Confucianism, 31, 32; vs. Buddhism, 137; and classics, 99; vs. Daoism, 136; RZL on, 20, 22, 24, 74, 99, 107, 136, 137, 143; SWJ on, 28, 30. See also neo-Confucianism
Confucius, 8; on burials, 125–26; and Changes, 39–40, 41, 42, 43–44; disciples of, 118–20; on ghosts and spirits, 62; in letters, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207; and mind, 141–42; and Odes, 51–53; and pure talk, 67; RZL on, 19–20, 39–40, 41, 42, 43–44, 51–53, 55–56, 60, 62, 63, 64–67, 68, 94, 101, 114, 118–20, 125–26, 141–42, 145; and Spring and Autumn Annals, 55–56; SWJ on, 179, 200, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 224, 243, 244; temple of, 243, 244; on Way of Heaven, 64–67
corruption, 21, 23, 27, 83; and shengyuan, 191, 193, 195, 197; and taxation, 187, 189
criticism, pure (qing yi), 95, 104–7
currency system, 22; and legal system, 83, 90–91; SWJ on, 29, 212, 221–24; and taxation, 184–90, 222–23
customs and mores (feng su), 177, 198, 206; non-Chinese, 166; RZL on, 95–126
Da Zhuan (“Great Commentary”; Changes), 39, 42
Dai Tingshi, 9, 245
Dai Zhen, 33
dao (Way): vs. Buddhism, 138; of Heaven, 64–67; in letters, 204, 207; and mind, 141–42; RZL on, 64–67, 68, 117, 138, 141–42, 148, 201; SWJ on, 204, 207
Daoism (daoxue), 252, 272n157; vs. Confucianism, 136; and officials, 117–18; RZL on, 22, 24, 66, 89–90, 107, 117–18, 128, 136, 155; SWJ on, 30; and taxes, 89–90. See also Lao Zi; Zhuang Zhou
Daxue (Highest Learning), 4, 18, 59, 60–61
de Bary, Wm. Theodore, 5, 138
De Zong (Tang), 155, 276n50, 292nn29–30
Delury, John, 12, 18
divination, 40–41, 50, 154, 155, 156, 265n5, 292n31
Documents (Shu Jing; Shang Shu), 248, 266n32, 305n41; vs. Buddhism, 136; commentary on, 151; on mind, 138, 139–40; new-text, 167; old-text, 45, 46–51; prefaces to, 45, 46, 50, 51; RZL on, 18, 19, 39, 45–51, 46, 50, 51, 55, 69, 70, 81, 105, 136, 138, 139–40, 148, 151, 152, 161, 165, 172
Dong Zhuo, 102, 279nn25–26
Du Fu (Du Zimei), 82, 116, 149, 162
Du You, 69, 272n164, 292n22
Du Yu (Du Yuankai), 43, 82, 220, 248, 275n32, 305n33
economic issues, 87, 88–94. See also agriculture; currency system; taxation
education (jiao), 86, 104, 115, 183, 196, 206. See also examinations, civil service
emperors, 67, 77, 118, 258, 260. See also particular individuals
Erya, 151, 162
eunuchs, 21, 85, 115, 278n16
evidential learning (kaozheng xue), 2, 27, 31, 32
examinations, civil service: and classics, 45, 127, 128, 133, 190, 191, 195, 196; and Gu Yanwu, 4, 5, 6, 31, 240, 252; and military affairs, 129, 131, 133; and names, 110, 112; and officials, 127–34, 183; RZL on, 23, 41, 45, 87, 110, 112, 127–34, 128, 129, 131, 133, 136; same-year graduates of, 133–34, 194; and shengyuan, 190–97; special, 128–33; SWJ on, 27, 28, 30, 175, 183, 190–97, 191, 194, 195, 196, 224
factions and cliques, 27, 57, 133, 190, 193, 194–95, 197
Fan Chi, 65, 66
Fang Chao-ying, 11, 16, 17, 248–50
Fei Zhi, 41, 43, 44, 265n8
Feng Guifen, 34
feudalism (fengjian system), 21, 25, 36, 256–62; and clans, 210, 211; vs. junxian, 176, 177, 182–83
filial piety (xiao), 46, 59, 66, 101, 108, 115, 119; vs. Buddhism, 136; and burials, 121–22; and ghosts and spirits, 61–63
Five Books on Phonetics (Yinxue Wushu; Gu Yanwu), 2, 8, 16, 208, 224, 244, 248, 249; preface to, 27, 198–200; publication of, 10
Five Phases (wu xing), 168, 290n2
Four Books, 4, 18, 59
Four Seas, 77, 133, 139, 150–52, 176, 203
frugality, 23, 181; in burials, 120–26, 121, 125
“Fu Dushu Chengnan” (poem; Han Yu), 143–44
Fu Qin (Fu Jian), 216, 218, 303n8, 304n25
Fu Shan, 8
Fu Sheng, 49, 50, 266n29
Fu Xi (Bao Xi Shi), 40, 41, 264n1
Fushe (Restoration Society), 5, 240
Gao Huang, Emperor (Ming Tai Zu), 79, 212–13, 214, 218, 302n1
Gao Zong, Emperor (Southern Song), 132, 266n26, 303n14
Gao Zu, Emperor (Liu Bang; Han), 171, 192, 218, 229, 285n112, 295n87
Gao Zu, Emperor (Song), 106, 166
Gaogui Xianggong (Cao Mao), 43–44, 265n20
Ge Hong (Baopu Zi), 149, 290n53
geography, historical, 17, 32, 170, 250, 253; and military, 215–18; SWJ on, 29, 175, 212, 215–18
Gongsun Hong, 112, 282n66
Gongsun Qiao (Zi Chan), 75, 82, 145, 273n3, 275n31
Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan), 54, 55, 68, 70–71, 161, 167
Gongyang Gao, 69, 70, 295n87
Gou Jian, King (Yue), 98–99, 231, 278n12
Gu Jian, 3
Gu Qing, 3
Gu Shaofei, 4, 5, 239, 240
Gu Shi (Su Ziyou), 146, 289n42
Gu Tongji, 4, 239
Gu Tongying, 4, 239, 240
Gu Xiang, 5, 241
Gu Yansheng, 9, 10, 245, 246
Gu Yanwu (Gu Tinglin): adoptive mother of, 4, 6, 7, 9, 15, 212, 228, 239, 240, 241, 246; death of, 1–2, 10, 237, 246; education of, 4, 31, 239; and examinations, 5, 6, 31; family of, 3–4, 31; influences on, 30–31; legacy of, 31–35; legal problems of, 7–8, 232, 242, 244; life of, 3–10, 239–46; as Ming loyalist, 6–7, 8, 9, 10, 244, 245; name change of, 241; philosophy of, 17–31; research on, 2–3; scholarship of, 1–2, 32; temple to, 33–34; travels of, 1–2, 8–10; wife of, 237–38, 240, 246; works of, 10–11, 247–53
Gu Yanwu Quanji, 13
Guan Zhong, 75, 86, 94, 273n3
Guang Wu, Emperor (Later Han), 97, 100, 101, 218, 230, 236, 278n10, 279n22, 304n22
Gui Zhuang, 1, 5, 8, 241, 242
Guliang Commentary (Guliang Zhuan), 48, 54, 55, 69, 70–71, 161
Guoyu, 4, 50, 98, 162, 164
Guoyu Jie, 167
Gushi Shijiushou (Nineteen Old Poems), 53, 267n59
Guwen Shang Shu (Old Text Documents), 45, 46–51
Guzhong Suibi (Notes from amid the Wild Rice; Gu Yanwu), 14, 252–53
Han dynasty: currency in, 221, 222; customs in, 95, 97–98, 99, 103; Eastern, 97–98, 99–102; and feudal system, 259, 260, 261; Western, 97, 99–102. See also Han Shu; Hou Han Shu
Han learning (Hanxue), 2, 19, 31, 237
Han Record (Xun Yue), 160
Han Shu (History of the Former Han), 44, 46, 47, 159–60, 162, 170, 185
Han Xuan, 9–10, 246
Han Ying, 155–56, 292n30
Han Yu (Han Wengong), 88, 143, 144, 162, 288n29, 289n35
Hanlin Academy, 111, 153, 154–57
Heaven (tian), 61, 63; mandate of (ming), 202, 203; Way of, 64–67
histories, dynastic: RZL on, 135, 148, 159, 161, 162; and shengyuan, 191, 195; SWJ on, 30, 191, 195, 207, 221, 249–51. See also particular dynasties
Hou Han Shu (History of the Later Han), 278n18; on examinations, 133–34; RZL on, 48, 58, 75, 115, 133–34, 145, 159, 160, 161, 162
HRC. See Huang Rucheng
Hu Shi (Hu Anguo), 45, 65, 266n26, 271n142
Huainanzi, 4, 162, 295n87
Huang Di (Yellow Emperor), 40
Huang Kan, 11, 254–55
Huang Luzhi (Huang Tingjian), 144, 289n32
Huang Rucheng, 11, 12, 252; and HRC edition of RZL, 12–14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 35, 39, 138, 253
Huang Zhen, 119, 272n153, 284n101, 287n5, 287n10
Huang Zongxi, 10, 34
Huangshi Richao (Cixi Huangshi Richao; Huang Zhen), 66, 137, 138, 146, 272n153, 287n5, 287n10
Hucker, Charles, 133, 154, 175–76
inscriptions, 15, 16, 28, 29, 98–99, 124, 143, 209, 243; works on, 250, 251, 253
investigation of things, 60, 61
Japan, 34, 255
Ji Kang, 103, 280n40, 282n70
Ji Shao, 103–4, 280n40, 280n42
Ji Songshan Chao Shi Guayao Tuanxiang Shuo (Zhu Xi), 43–44
Ji Yun, 32–33
Ji Zi, 60, 199, 270n107, 299n3
Jiang Yuanheng, 8, 244
Jin dynasty, 216; customs in, 103; and feudal system, 261; and pure criticism, 105
Jin History (Jin Shu), 102, 103, 120, 134, 160, 167
Jing, King (Zhou), 158, 221
Jinshi Lu (Zhao Mingcheng), 148, 250
junxian system. See prefectural system
Kang Naixin, 237–38
kaozheng xue (evidential research), 2, 27, 31, 32
Kong Anguo, 46–47, 48, 49, 50, 266nn29–34
Kong Shi (Kong Yingda), 43, 61
Ku Wei-ying, 12, 35, 237, 256
labor, conscripted, 75, 90, 181, 260; and shengyuan, 191, 193–94
land distribution, 22, 87, 90, 111–13, 176, 194; and military, 213, 219–20; well-field system of, 21, 54
language, 32, 33, 143, 172; local dialects of, 165, 166–68; tones in, 299n4. See also characters, written
Lao Zi, 67, 101, 102, 103, 136, 280n37
Laozi, 107
learning (xue), 18, 68, 202, 205, 206; abstruse, 107; evidential, 2, 27, 31, 32; Han, 2, 19, 31, 237; of mind-and-heart, 138–43, 284n104
legal system, 23, 74, 81–85, 95; and administration, 176; and currency, 83, 90–91; and Gu Yanwu, 3, 7–8, 232, 242, 244; and litigation, 78, 80; and officials, 75, 82, 85–86, 87, 178; punishments in, 59–60, 78, 79, 92, 99, 104–5, 107, 136, 178, 259, 260; and pure criticism, 104–7
Legalism, 23, 74, 81–82, 95
Legge, James, 51–52, 150–51
letters, 3, 15, 19; in RZL, 82, 103, 106, 111, 114, 117, 141, 148, 164, 172; in SWJ, 12, 16, 17, 25, 28–29, 35, 202–8, 212
li 理 (principle, pattern), 53, 97, 140, 142, 148, 200–201, 202
li 禮 (ritual practices, propriety), 23, 25, 34, 94, 162–65, 192, 258; bowing, 163–65; and classics, 63, 65, 66, 68, 72; and customs, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 117, 118, 126; and names, 109, 111; and shame, 113, 114
Li Gu, 133–34
Li Ji (Record of Rites): on bowing, 163; on Four Seas, 151, 152; on poetry, 148, 198; on pure criticism, 105; in RZL, 18, 19, 39, 46, 59–60, 61, 62, 70, 72, 105, 148, 151, 152
Li Ling, 109, 164, 281n61, 294n69
Li Shu (Chen Shi), 164–65
Li Xiong, 216, 217, 302n7 (SWJ 6), 303n15
Li Yong, 8, 243
Li Zhi, 31, 135
Li Zhongfu, 205, 245
Li Zicheng, 211, 228, 229, 301n5
Liang dynasty, 215, 216
Liang Qichao, 34
Liang Shu, 160
Liao Shi, 160
Lie Yukou (Lie Zi), 140, 143, 206
literature: complexity vs. simplicity in, 144–46; RZL on, 23–24, 135–49; as social instrument, 23–24, 29
Liu Bang (Han Gao Di), 171, 192, 218, 229, 285n112, 295n87
Liu Xiang, 47, 120, 266n32, 285n112
Liu Xuan, 49, 156, 267n42, 292n30
Liu Yuan, 66, 180, 199, 216, 272n155, 280n44, 297n6, 299n7, 302n7 (SWJ 6). See also Guang Wu, Emperor
Liu Zheng, 199, 217, 299n5, 303n16
Liu Zongyuan, 36, 77, 176, 256–62
Liu Zongzhou, 31
lixue (study of principle), 28
Lü Shi Qianzi Wen, 198
Lu Xiangshan (Lu Jiuyuan), 119, 284n104
Lu Zepu, 8, 242
Lu Zhi (Lu Xuangong), 88, 155, 189, 276n50, 292n29, 298n17
Lunyu. See Analects
Lunyu Zengzi Sansheng Zhang, 137
Lüshi Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Mr. Lü), 86, 121–22, 123, 158
Ma Rong, 48, 49, 265n8, 266n38, 280n36, 301n7
Manchus, 6, 11, 32, 241, 242, 301n5; in poetry, 7, 227, 228, 230, 232. See also Qing dynasty
marriage, 5, 9, 61, 163, 246
Mei Ze, 49, 50, 267n40
Mencius, 8; in letters, 203, 204; on profit, 92, 93, 94; RZL on, 50, 60, 67, 68, 92–94, 103, 114, 118, 141, 145, 157, 166; temple of, 243
Mencius: outer chapters of, 64; in RZL, 18, 19, 39, 64–73, 119, 141
military affairs, 17, 251, 253; and agriculture, 213, 215, 219–21; and examinations, 129, 131, 133; and geography, 215–18; in poetry, 228, 230, 236; RZL on, 22, 83, 85, 88, 92, 93, 115, 129, 131, 133, 159, 165; SWJ on, 29, 212–15, 213, 215–18, 219–21, 228, 230, 236; and weisuo system, 29, 215, 302
mind-and-heart (xin), 138–43, 202, 284n104
Ming, Emperor (Later Han), 97, 101, 278n10, 279n22
Ming dynasty: alternative government of, 235, 241, 242; attempted restoration of, 1, 6–7, 8, 228, 232, 241; fall of, 5–6, 7, 32, 251; and Gu Yanwu, 6–7, 8, 9, 10, 244, 245, 254; history of, 9, 11, 243, 245, 246; in poetry, 232; tombs of, 242, 243
Ming Shilu, 87
Ming Si Zong, 228, 229, 230
Ming Xi Zong, 229
mining, 92, 181–82, 185
Mo Di (Mo Zi), 24, 103, 137, 281n62
Mongols, 216, 217, 232
mourning and funeral rites, 57, 118, 120–26, 150
Mozi, 40, 86
names, 160, 161, 170, 175, 250; clan, 152, 153–54; taboo, 153, 160, 254; teaching of (ming jiao), 95, 107–13. See also place-names
Nan Shi (Southern History), 103, 108, 160
neo-Confucianism, 2, 20, 24, 28, 30, 31, 136; and mind, 138–43
Nineteen Old Poems (Gushi Shijiushou), 53, 267n59
Northern History (Bei Shi), 153, 160, 162, 166
Notes Compiled in Seclusion (Xu Du), 130
nü wu (sorceresses), 118
Odes (Shi Jing), 16; and Confucius, 51–53; Mao, 47, 48, 161; in RZL, 18, 19–20, 39, 47–48, 51–54, 60, 63, 69, 70, 89, 136, 147, 148, 149, 152, 161; in SWJ, 28, 199, 248, 305n41; “Xiao Ya,” 105, 148; “Xiao Yuan,” 115
officials, 21, 169, 170; and administration, 176–84; and agriculture, 219–20, 221; and Buddhism, 117–18; and clans, 210–11; and currency, 90; and customs, 100, 104; and examinations, 127–34, 183; vs. feudal system, 259; of Hanlin Academy, 153, 154–58; and legal system, 75, 82, 85–86, 87, 178; local, 5, 26, 74–81; and local dialects, 166; and military, 214; and names, 108–9, 110, 111; and poetry, 199; and profit, 91, 92–94; punishments for, 178; and pure criticism, 104–7; selection of, 20, 23, 26, 30, 68, 74, 85, 87; and shame, 114–15; and shengyuan, 193, 195–96, 197; and taxation, 67, 75, 76, 80, 88, 184, 187–90; titles of, 153–54, 273n4
old text-new text controversy, 19, 45, 46–51, 266n32, 289n31
Ouyang Heba, 46–49
Ouyang Xiu (Ouyang Yongshu), 144, 249–50, 289n34
Pan Lei (Pan Cigeng), 8–9, 15, 28, 205, 244; and Gu Yanwu’s works, 1, 11, 249, 252, 254, 255
“Pattern (wen) of the Heavens” (RZL 30.1), 168–69
Peterson, Willard J., 4, 5, 8, 29, 239, 240, 241, 243, 245
phonology, 2, 8, 10, 208, 227, 244, 247; of rhymes, 16, 24, 27, 148, 167, 198, 199, 200, 248, 249. See also Five Books on Phonetics
place-names, 25, 150, 160, 170, 250, 251, 252
poetry, 15, 24, 156; of Chu, 230, 231; by Gu Yanwu, 2, 3, 7, 9, 161, 227–38, 241, 242, 246, 253; Gu Yanwu on, 147–49, 162; in letters, 207, 208; Manchus in, 7, 227, 228, 230, 232; military affairs in, 228, 230, 236; preface on, 198–200; terminology in, 172; translations of, 35–36. See also Odes
prefaces, 5, 36, 240; to Documents, 45, 46, 50, 51; and RZL, 11, 15, 16, 17, 72, 103, 132, 143, 167, 200–201, 254–55; in SWJ, 27–28, 35, 198–201, 206, 212
prefectural system (junxian), 15, 21, 25, 74, 175–84, 256, 258–61
profit 利 (li), 91, 92–94, 101, 108, 109, 110, 112, 123
pure talk (qingtan), 22, 31, 66–67, 102, 103, 272n155, 280n37
Qi, state of, 167, 258
Qian Daxin, 32
Qiang peoples, 115–16
Qianzi Wen, 148
Qiao Yao, 179, 219, 297n3, 304n28
Qieyun (Lu Fayan), 199, 299n6, 299n9
Qin, state of, 45, 217, 218, 230, 258–59, 260, 277n4
Qin dynasty, 72, 95, 99, 185, 261, 262
Qin Shi Huang Di, 81, 97, 98, 150
Qing dynasty, 228, 235, 243, 244, 245, 254
Qixiu Sanli Zhazi (Zhu Xi), 72
Qu Yuan (Lingyun), 152, 167
Record of Daily Knowledge (Rizhi Lu; RZL; Gu Yanwu), 2, 8, 248; contents of, 18–25; editions of, 11–15, 252; HRC vs. YCB versions of, 12–14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 35, 39; influence of, 34; influences on, 4; in letters, 208; organization of, 13–15; prefaces to, 200–201, 254–55; publication of, 9, 10, 11, 244; SWJ on, 224; translations of, 3, 35–36; works in, 250, 252, 253; writing of, 242
Record of the Origins of Regions (Zhaoyu Zhi; Gu Yanwu), 7, 17, 240, 247, 249, 250
Red Eyebrows rebellion, 120, 285n110
ren 仁 (benevolence), 60, 61, 65, 68, 77; and customs, 100, 101, 103; and Hanlin Academy, 157; and joint rule, 158; in letters, 202, 203, 204; and mind, 141–42, 143
Ren Zong, Emperor (Ming; Ren Miao; Zhu Gaochi), 168, 276n45, 295n98
ritual. See li (ritual practices, propriety); Li Ji; mourning and funeral rites
Rizhi Lu. See Record of Daily Knowledge
Rizhi Lu Jiaoji (ed. Huang Kan), 254–55. See also Yuanchaoben Rizhi Lu
Rizhi Lu Jiaoshi (ed. Zhang Jinghua), 11, 13, 14, 35
Rizhi Lu Jiaozhu (ed. Chen Yuan), 13, 35
Rizhi Lu Jishi (ed. Huang Rucheng), 35
Rizhilu Zhiyu (Gu Yanwu), 11, 252
RZL. See Record of Daily Knowledge
San Li (Yi Li, Zhou Li, Li Ji), 39, 56–61, 71, 72, 136, 161, 248, 305n41
Sanguo Zhi (Annals of the Three Kingdoms), 43, 134, 160, 172
self-cultivation, 19, 20, 67, 96, 101, 108
Sengzhao, 137, 287n3
sericulture, 88, 89, 186
Seven Worthies of the Bamboo Grove, 103, 279n31, 280nn40–41, 282n70
shame, sense of (chi), 20, 22, 95, 105, 113–17, 202, 204
Shan Tao, 103–4, 280n41
Shang (Yin) dynasty, 40, 76, 261, 262, 264n3
Shang Shu. See Documents
Shang Yang, 82, 94
Shao Yong, 20
Shaolin monks, 165
Shen Hanguang, 235–36
Shen Nong, 232
Shen Yue (Xiuwen), 199, 200, 299n4
shengyuan (government students), 190–97, 240
Shi Jing. See Odes
Shi Le, 66, 67, 104, 180, 216, 272nn155–57, 280n44, 297n6, 301n2, 302n7 (SWJ 6)
Shiji (Historical Records; Sima Qian), 4, 108, 120, 138, 162, 171; on joint rule, 158, 159; language of, 165; place-names in, 170; writing in, 145, 146
Shishuo Xinyu, 166
Shiwenji. See Collected Poems and Essays of Gu Tinglin
Shu, state of, 82, 216–17, 229, 303n15
Shu Jing. See Documents
Shun (sage-king), 271n139, 288n23, 298n18, 299n3; and feudalism, 257, 258; in letters, 203; on poetry, 148, 199; in RZL, 51, 60, 62, 65, 105, 111, 125, 138–39, 148, 157
“Shun Dian” (Canon of Shun; Documents), 49–50
Shuoling (Wu Zhenfang), 250
Shuowen, 148
Shuowen Changjian, 148
Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao, 10–11, 13, 32
Sima Niu, 65, 66
Sima Qian, 56, 81, 108, 146, 281n61. See also Shiji
Sima Xiangru, 86, 275n39
Song dynasty, 120, 130, 215, 216, 233; currency in, 221–22; customs in, 95, 97–98; and geography, 216, 217
Song History (Song Shu), 72, 102, 117, 144, 160, 166, 172
Southern History (Nan Shi), 103, 108, 160
Southern Qi History, 103
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu): and Changes, 40, 45; commentaries on, 54–56, 69, 70, 266n26; in Five Classics, 248, 305n41; place-names in, 170; RZL on, 18, 20, 39, 40, 45, 48, 53, 54–56, 65, 69, 70, 96, 136, 146, 161, 167, 170, 213; SWJ on, 29, 248
Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, 99
Spring and Autumn period, 96–97, 121
statecraft, 2, 8, 16, 17, 25, 30, 33, 175–97, 228. See also administration, government
Su Shi, 39, 157
“Su Song Erfu Tianfuzhi Zhong” (RZL; Gu Yanwu), 13
Su Wu, 152, 164, 291n18, 294n69
Sui History (Sui Shu), 49, 160, 267n41
Sun Qifeng, 8, 244
Sun Wu, 86, 217, 275n40
Sun Yirang, 33
SWJ. See Collected Poems and Essays of Gu Tinglin
Tai Jia, 143
Tai Shan, 8, 130, 168, 170
Tang (sage-king), 257, 258, 262, 271n139, 298n11
Tang dynasty, 128, 129, 130, 221, 259
Tang History (Tang Shu), 58, 71, 127, 152, 159; New (Xin), 93, 113, 129, 145, 146, 160; Old (Jiu), 49, 109, 116, 146, 154, 155, 160, 162
Tang Liudian, 113, 155, 292n27
Tang Renqing (Tang Boyuan), 141–42, 288n19
Tao Yuanming, 162
taxation, 17, 21, 74, 87, 112, 120, 251, 298n17; and agriculture, 88–90, 184–90; and Buddhism, 89–90; and currency, 184–90, 222–23; and meltage fee, 187–89; and officials, 67, 75, 76, 80, 88, 184, 187–90; and profit, 92, 93, 94; and shengyuan, 193; SWJ on, 26–27, 29, 182, 184–90, 193, 214, 222–23
terminology: astronomical, 168; economic, 90; and officials, 150, 154; in poetry, 172; RZL on, 24, 90, 118, 120, 150, 154, 157, 158, 163, 165–66, 168, 172; SWJ on, 175
textual analysis, 16, 18, 19, 20, 24–25
Three Kingdoms period, 31, 95, 102, 303nn15–16; history of, 43, 134, 160, 172
Tianxia Junguo Libing Shu. See Advantages and Disadvantages of the Empire’s Prefectures and States
Tinglin Shiji (Gu Yanwu), 15, 253
Tinglin Shiwenji. See Collected Poems and Essays of Gu Tinglin
Tinglin Wenji (Gu Yanwu), 15, 16, 25, 253
Tinglin Yiwen Zhibu, 15
Tinglin Yuji (Gu Yanwu), 15, 253
Tong Dian (Du You), 69, 153, 272n164, 292n22
Tong Jian (Zizhi Tongjian; Comprehensive Mirror; Sima Guang), 4, 147, 159, 160, 162, 239, 284n99
Tribute to Yu, 151
Tu Fu, 40
Vergnaud, Jean-François, 10, 15
Veritable Records of Tai Zu, 78
Wang Anshi, 21, 22, 31, 72–73, 284n95, 289n34, 305n38
Wang Bi, 41, 43, 44, 103, 116, 265n8, 280n37, 284n93
Wang Dun, 70, 102, 273n167, 279n29, 295n83
Wang Fuzhi, 1, 10, 34
Wang Hong, 93, 249, 277n70
Wang Hongzhuan, 9, 243, 245, 246
Wang Mang, 99–100, 230, 278n15, 285n110
Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming), 31, 135, 288n19
Wang Su, 49, 103, 280n36
Wang Tao, 34
Wang Yan, 31, 67, 272n157
Wang Yi (chess expert), 156, 292n30
Water Classic (Shui Jing), 170, 238
Wei, state of, 82, 150, 216, 258
Wei Annals (Wei Zhi), 112
Wei dynasty, 102, 103, 105, 169, 261
Wei History (Wei Shu), 160
weights and measures, 87, 90
Weiliaozi (Wei Liao), 115, 283n87
weisuo system, 29, 215, 302n1
Wen, Duke (Song), 121, 125
Wen, Emperor (Han; Xiao Wen), 58, 76, 79, 82, 120–21, 171, 285n110
Wen, King (Zhou), 41, 62, 81, 264n3, 278n7; and Changes, 39, 40, 42; and feudalism, 257; filial piety of, 62–63; and poetry, 199; and shame, 115
Wen Xuan, 162, 268n66
Wenji (Collected Writings; Xie Jianyue), 72–73
Wenxin Diaolong (Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons; Liu Xie), 167
Western Study Record (Sun Qiao), 147
Wu, Emperor (Han), 120, 121, 148, 229, 274n18
Wu, Emperor (Jin), 103, 279n29
Wu, Emperor (Liang), 303n11
Wu, Emperor (Song), 105
Wu, King (Zhou), 60, 62, 264n3, 271n139, 278n7, 299n3; and feudal system, 257, 262; and shame, 115
Wu, state of, 82, 166, 231, 234, 303n15
Wu Dai Shi, [Xin], 113
Wu Shi (Wu Shi Luo), 179, 219, 297n3, 304n28
Xia dynasty, 50–51, 261, 262, 281n65
Xia Hou, 46, 47, 48, 49
Xian, Emperor (Han), 221
Xian Zong, 133
Xianbei peoples, 114–15, 283n82
Xiao Jing (Classic of Filial Piety), 46, 59
Xiao Wen. See Wen, Emperor
Xiao Wu, Emperor (Northern Wei), 99, 301n3
Xiao Zong, Emperor (Song), 84
“Xici” (commentary on Changes), 65–66
Xie Shi (Xie Liangzuo), 137, 142–43, 287n5, 288n26
xinxue (learning of mind-and-heart), 138–43, 284n104
Xinyi Gutinglin Wenji (ed. Liu Jiuzhou), 35
Xiongnu, 152, 169, 281n61, 291nn17–18, 295n99
Xuan Zong, Emperor (Tang), 88, 118, 157, 292n27
xuanxue (abstruse learning), 107
Xun Zi (Xun Qing), 148, 257
Xunzi, 162, 165, 167
Yan Hui (Yan Yuan), 141, 143, 184, 203, 288n21, 297n10, 300n2 (SWJ 3)
Yan Ruoqu, 8
Yan Shigu, 46, 162, 293n38
Yan Zhitui, 115, 167, 283n82, 295n90, 299n6
Yang Xuechen, 224–25
Yang Zhu, 103, 137
Yanshi Jiaxun, 114
Yao (sage-king), 51, 65, 105, 111, 271n139, 298n18; burial of, 125; and feudalism, 257, 258; and Hanlin Academy, 157; in letters, 202, 203; and mind, 138–39
“Yao Dian” (Canon of Yao; Documents), 45
Yao Fangxing, 49, 50, 267n41
Ye Fangheng, 6, 7–8, 241, 242
Ye Shi (Ye Zhengze), 31, 83–84, 85, 182, 275n34, 275n35, 297n8
yi 義 (righteousness), 23, 59, 157; and Buddhism, 117; and customs, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104; and examinations, 134; and names, 108–9, 112; and officials, 68, 76, 94; and shame, 113, 114
Yi Li. See Book of Etiquette
Yi Li Zheng Zhangju Zhu, 28
Yi Lin, 135
Yi Yin, 165, 203, 286n5, 300nn4–5 (SWJ 3)
Yinhua Lu (Zhao Lin), 156
Yinlun (Gu Yanwu), 200
Yinxue Wushu. See Five Books on Phonetics
Yiyin (Gu Yanwu), 200
Yu (sage-king), 125, 138–39, 150, 257, 258, 298n11
Yu Documents, 151
Yuan Benchu (Yuan Shao), 206–7, 301n7
Yuan History (Yuan Shi), 160, 186
Yuan Xian, 205, 300n1 (SWJ 4)
Yuanchaoben Rizhi Lu (YCB version; ed. Zhang Binglin), 12–14, 35, 36, 138, 252
Yue (Music), 72
Yue, state of, 150, 231, 234
Zeng Zi (Zeng Shen), 60, 118, 119, 137, 184, 203, 270n108, 284n106, 300n2 (SWJ 3)
Zhang, Emperor (Later Han), 97, 101, 278n10, 279n22
Zhang Ba, 47–48, 266n33
Zhang Binglin: and YCB edition of RZL, 12–14, 35, 36, 252
Zhang Binglin (Zhang Taiyan), 11, 12, 34, 36; preface of, 254–55. See also Yuanchaoben Rizhi Lu
Zhang Chao, 8, 16, 248
Zhang Erqi, 8, 28
Zhang Ji, 11, 12, 154, 254, 292n25
Zhang Jinghua, 13, 14, 35
Zhang Jiuling, 128, 154, 155, 286n5, 292n25
Zhang Pu, 5
Zhang Xiufu, 15
Zhang Yunyi, 245–46
Zhang Zai, 63, 270n128
Zhao, state of, 230, 236, 258
Zhao Mingcheng, 249, 250
Zhao Yi, 32
Zhaoyu Zhi. See Record of the Origins of Regions
Zheng Guofan, 34
Zheng Xuan (Zheng Kangcheng), 49, 61, 103, 172, 206–7, 237, 265n8, 266n38, 280n36, 301n7; and Changes, 41, 43, 44; and Documents, 46, 48; on Nine Classics, 69
Zhongwen Shang Shu (Liu Tao), 48
Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean), 18, 59, 61–62, 61–63
Zhongyong Zhangju (Zhu Xi), 141
Zhou (Zhou Xin; Shang), 40, 111, 270n107, 282n65
Zhou, Duke of, 8, 62, 81, 157, 158, 165, 199; and Changes, 41, 42; temple of, 243
Zhou Dunyi (Lian), 20, 66, 272n152
Zhou dynasty, 40, 52, 76, 264n3; currency in, 221; customs in, 95, 96–98; feudal system in, 176, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262
Zhou Guan, 40, 167
Zhou Li (Rites of Zhou), 18, 56–57, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 151, 162, 163, 198; on clans, 211; on military, 213; on officials, 75–76
Zhou Yi. See Changes
Zhou Yi Benyi (Original Meaning of the Zhou “Changes”; Zhu Xi), 39, 41–45
Zhu Xi (Zhu Wengong), 4, 9, 18, 31, 51, 59, 61, 72, 271n132, 275n34; vs. Buddhism, 138; and Changes, 39, 41–45; on filial piety, 66; in letters, 208; and mind, 139, 141; shrine to, 246
Zhu Xi Wannian Dinglun (Wang Yangming), 135
Zhuang Zhou (Zhuang Zi), 67, 117, 152, 280n37, 282n70; vs. Confucianism, 136; and customs, 101, 102, 103; letters on, 206; and mind, 140, 143
Zhuangzi, 107, 159, 230, 238
Zhuge Liang (Zhuge Kongming), 82, 275nn29–30
Zi Chan (Gongsun Qiao), 75, 82, 145, 273n3, 275n31
Zigong (Duanmu Ci), 65, 66, 67, 202, 203, 272n157, 300n3 (SWJ 3)
Zixia (Bu Shang), 69, 118, 203, 237–38, 300n2 (SWJ 3)
Ziyou (Yan Yan), 60, 270n108
Ziyou (Zeng San), 118, 271n148
Zizhang, 56, 118, 119, 269n83
Zou Yan, 151, 290n2
Zuo Shi, 48, 56, 70
Zuo Shi Zhuan, 48
Zuo Zhuan, 4, 54, 55, 56, 71, 161, 162, 170; and Changes, 40–41, 43; on character usage, 172; on customs, 82, 96, 97, 121, 164; and Documents, 47, 50; on joint rule, 158, 159; in poetry, 231, 236
Zuo Zhuan Dujie Buzheng (Gu Yanwu), 246, 248