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page numbers give in italics refer to figures
A
activity categories 17–19, 34, 39–40, 333n4, 334n6, 355n9
aggregate time-use statistics 15–16, 34
Ainsworth Compendium 194
Annual Population Survey (APS) 87–8
Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) 143
annual working time 88
APS (Annual Population Survey) 87–8
ASHE (Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings) 143
B
BBC Audience Research Department 6–7, 335n1
broadcasting companies 6
busyness 302
C
Care-giving 40, 68, 69, 132, 340n8
cartoons 1
Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR) 61–2
childcare 20, 21, 28–9, 32, 40, 68, 69, 109–10, 158–9, 314, 339n4, 339n5
children 209–36, 215, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233
church-going 27
class/leisure gradient 50–5
comfort eating 187
committed time 34, 66–71, 67, 273, 301 see also unpaid work
computers see also mobile devices; smartphones; tablets
– and adults 237, 239, 241–4, 242, 257, 259
– and children 209–36, 215, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233
constrained time see committed time
contractual activities 34, 71–3, 72 see also paid work
cooking 20, 21, 25, 28, 32, 39, 67, 266, 314
CTUR (Centre for Time Use Research) 61–2
cultural voraciousness 301
D
daily life 1–2
daily working time 88–91, 89, 92, 94, 97
devices see mobile devices
diaries 5–6 see also household diaries; time-use diaries
digital disintermediation 146
digital revolution in unpaid work 145–6
discretionary time 34, 73, 74, 273, 286 see also consumption; leisure
DIY 314
domestic labour 105–28, 111, 115, 119, 120–8, 162–3 see also care-giving; childcare; household work; unpaid work
E
– comfort eating 187
– and mood 185–8
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) 7–8
education
– and childcare 109–10
– and domestic labour 107–8, 120–8, 121, 122
– and enjoyment 316–17
– and unsocial hours 102
– and working hours 51–6, 53, 96, 97
emulation
– principle of 50, 52–4, 335n10
enjoyment 58, 185–8, 307–23, 310, 311, 315
ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) 7–8
European Labour Force Survey 9
European Statistical Office (Eurostat) 8–9
exercise 27–8, 48, 189–206, 195, 198, 203
Extended National Product 320, 321
F
fast-food 187
Flintstones 1
fragmentation of time 290, 291–5, 292, 294, 300–2
G
gender convergence 21–9, 110–13
gender symmetry 54–6
general household work see household work
GNP (gross national product) 323, 339n2
Gogglebox 342n13
Great Day
– fitting together the components 37–48
– mean daily enjoyment 318–23
– physical activity 201–6
gross national product (GNP) 323, 339n2
H
Harmonized European Time Use Survey (HETUS) 8–9
health 167, 169, 199–201, 200, 278–86
HETUS (Harmonized European Time Use Survey) 8–9
home leisure 45–7
homework 355n9
household diaries 6–9
household work 40–2, 66–8, 67, 71, 129–47 see also cleaning; cooking
I
information and communication technologies (ICT) see technology
input-based valuation 139–43
international time-use 61–79
isowork 54
J
Jetsons 1
K
Keynes, John Maynard 2–3
L
Labour Force Survey (LFS) 87–8
laptops 47
laundry 28
leisure
– economics of 37–8
– and mobile devices 250–2, 251, 262
– and older people 266, 267, 270–2, 271
– and time pressure 301
LFS (Labour Force Survey) 87–8
life-balance triangle 38–9, 75, 76, 272–81, 274, 276, 280
M
mealtimes 19, 28, 159–61, 167–88, 173, 183
mean daily enjoyment 317–23, 319
media time 45–7, 238, 262 see also radio; screen time; television
metabolic equivalence scores (METs) 193–206, 195, 198, 203, 344n7
micro-economics of time 38–9
mobile devices see also computers; smartphones; tablets
– and adults 239, 243–60, 244, 246, 248, 249, 251, 253
– and children 209–36, 215, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233
– and family time 164
money 38
mood 185–8
mothering 132
Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) 62
multi-tasking 290, 291–5, 292, 294, 300–2
N
National Accounts 57–8, 139–40
national happiness 321–3
national income extension accounts 57
necessary time 34, 36, 62–6, 273 see also personal care; sleep
non-market work 132–4 see also unpaid work
non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) 339n2
O
objective happiness see enjoyment
occupations 93–6
Office for National Statistics (ONS) 8
older people 240, 256–60, 257, 259, 263–4, 265–86, 268, 269, 276, 280
ONS (Office for National Statistics) 8
opportunity-cost valuation 141–2
other home leisure 47
out-of-home leisure 47–8, 49, 335n9
output-based valuation 142
over time 88–90
P
paid work 71–3, 72, 83–104 see also work
– enjoyment 313–14
– older people 284–5
PAQs (Physical Activity Questionnaires) 191
personal care 34, 36, 42, 45, 66
physical activity 27–8, 48, 189–206, 195, 198, 203
Physical Activity Questionnaires (PAQs) 191
population structure 3
principle of emulation 50, 52–4, 335n10
productive activity 146–7
pub-going 48
R
regenerative time see necessary time
relaxation 355n9 see also leisure
replacement-cost valuation 140–1, 142–5
restaurant trade 39
retirement 265–86
rushedness 291, 295–8, 296 see also time pressure
S
Saturdays 23–5, 24 see also weekends
SCELI (Social Change and Economic Life Initiative) study 8
school homework 355n9
second jobs 84–6
self-employment 86
sequential time-use studies 15–17
sewing 314
shopping 20, 21, 25–7, 32–3, 40, 68–71, 70, 314
sleep 19–20, 36, 42–5, 43, 62–4, 65, 316, 356n14
smartphones 47, 211–12, 237, 243–5 see also mobile devices
SNA (Systems of National Accounts) report (2008) 340n9
social activity 285–6
Social Change and Economic Life Initiative (SCELI) study 8
social class 171–5, 173, 252–4, 253
social position 50–1
speed-up society see time pressure
Standard Occupational Classification 93–6
Sundays 26, 27–9, 159–65, 160 see also weekends
supply-use balancing 139–40
surveys 6
Systems of National Accounts (SNA) report (2008) 340n9
T
tablets 47, 237, 243–5 see also mobile devices
technological innovations 3
technology see also computers; mobile devices; smartphones; tablets
– adults 237–56, 244, 246, 248, 249, 251, 253, 255
– children 209–36, 215, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 229, 231, 233
– older people 240, 256–60, 257, 259, 263–4
– and time pressure 239–40, 254–6, 255, 262–3, 290–1, 297–8, 299, 302, 304
– time use 260–4
– at work 260–1
teenagers see children
television 6, 28, 158, 161–5, 238, 266 see also leisure
tempograms 17–29, 18, 22, 24, 26
theory of stratified diffusion 50, 52–4
third-person criterion 36
time pressure 289–305, 292, 294
– and technology 239–40, 254–6, 255, 262–3, 290–1, 297–8, 299, 302, 304
Time Use Survey (TUS) 9–12, 87–8
time-use diaries 4–9, 10, 33, 333n5
time-use surveys 6–12
travel agents 145
travelling time for work 86
TUS (Time Use Survey) 9–12, 87–8
U
unpaid work 20, 21, 23–5, 32–3, 37, 40, 41, 51–2 see also domestic labour; work
– digital revolution 145–6
– measurement 137–9
– older people 268–70, 269, 284–5
– as productive activity 146–7
– value of 129–47, 133, 144, 340n7, 340n11
unsocial hours 96–104, 99, 101
utility 318
V
Veblen, Thorsten 50
W
weekend working 84–6, 88–90, 89
weekends 20–1, 23 see also Saturdays; Sundays
weekly work schedule grids 9, 332n10
weekly working time 86, 87–91, 94, 97
wellbeing 56–9, 199–201, 200, 254–6, 255, 262–3, 273, 278–86, 307
work 3, 20, 21, 29, 36 see also household work; non-market work; paid work; part-time work; unpaid work
work pressure 52