Maps and Illustrations

Map 1. Late Antique East Africa, map based on William Y. Adams, Nubia. Corridor to Africa (Princeton, 1984), p. 384.

Map 2. Late Antique Southwest Arabia, map based on I. Gajda, Le royaume de Ḥimyar à l’époque monothéiste (Paris, 2009), p. 139.

Fig. 1. Drawing of the Adulis Throne in Ethiopia as given in three manuscripts of Cosmas Indicopleustes, from W. Wolska-Conus, Cosmas Indicopleustes, Topographie Chrétienne, Vol. 1, Sources chrétiennes no. 141 (Paris, 1968), p. 367. 13

Fig. 2. Cosmas’ throne as imagined in DAE, p. 66. 19

Fig. 3. RIE Vol. 1, no. 185 bis, text II face B, (Axum). Photo courtesy of Finbarr Barry Flood.

Fig. 4. RIE Vol. 1, no. 185 bis, complete stele.

Fig. 5. Gold coin of the Christian Axumite king Ousanas, fifth century AD.

Fig. 6. Marco Polo’s reception by Kublai Khan atop four elephants, as shown in L. Oeconomos, Byzantion 20 (1950), 177–178 with plate 1.

Fig. 7. CIH 541, RdA p. 90.

Fig. 8. The Axum Stele. Photo courtesy of Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY.