Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 BRAIN POWER

Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power

Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained

Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon

Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes

Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products

2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB

Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence

Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil

Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s

Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility

Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages

3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST

Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced

Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events

Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences

Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives

4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS

Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People

My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch

Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters

Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to Their Learning Styles

5 ALTERED STATES

Myth #19 Hypnosis Is a Unique “Trance” State that Differs in Kind from Wakefulness

Myth #20 Researchers Have Demonstrated that Dreams Possess Symbolic Meaning

Myth #21 People Can Learn Information, like New Languages, while Asleep

Myth #22 During “Out-of-Body” Experiences, People’s Consciousness Leaves Their Bodies

6 I’VE GOT A FEELING

Myth #23 The Polygraph (“Lie Detector”) Test Is an Accurate Means of Detecting Dishonesty

Myth #24 Happiness Is Determined Mostly by Our External Circumstances

Myth #25 Ulcers Are Caused Primarily or Entirely by Stress

Myth #26 A Positive Attitude Can Stave off Cancer

7 THE SOCIAL ANIMAL

Myth 27 Opposites Attract: We Are Most Romantically Attracted to People Who Differ from Us

Myth #28 There’s Safety in Numbers: The More People Present at an Emergency, the Greater the Chance that Someone Will Intervene

Myth #29 Men and Women Communicate in Completely Different Ways

Myth #30 It’s Better to Express Anger to Others than to Hold It in

8 KNOW THYSELF

Myth #31 Raising Children Similarly Leads to Similarities in Their Adult Personalities

Myth #32 The Fact that a Trait Is Heritable Means We can’t change it

Myth #33 Low Self-Esteem Is a Major Cause of Psychological Problems

Myth #34 Most People Who Were Sexually Abused in Childhood Develop Severe Personality Disturbances in Adulthood

Myth #35 People’s Responses to Inkblots Tell Us a Great Deal about Their Personalities

Myth #36 Our Handwriting Reveals Our Personality Traits

9 SAD, MAD, AND BAD

Myth #37 Psychiatric Labels Cause Harm by Stigmatizing People

Myth #38 Only Deeply Depressed People Commit Suicide

Myth #39 People with Schizophrenia Have Multiple Personalities

Myth #40 Adult Children of Alcoholics Display a Distinctive Profile of Symptoms

Myth #41 There’s Recently Been a Massive Epidemic of Infantile Autism

Myth #42 Psychiatric Hospital Admissions and Crimes Increase during Full Moons

10 DISORDER IN THE COURT

Myth #43 Most Mentally Ill People Are Violent

Myth #44 Criminal Profiling Is Helpful in Solving Cases

Myth #45 A Large Proportion of Criminals Successfully Use the Insanity Defense

Myth #46 Virtually All People Who Confess to a Crime Are Guilty of It

11 SKILLS AND PILLS

Myth #47 Expert Judgment and Intuition Are the Best Means of Making Clinical Decisions

Myth #48 Abstinence Is the Only Realistic Treatment Goal for Alcoholics Alcoholics

Myth #49 All Effective Psychotherapies Force People to Confront the “Root” Causes of Their Problems in Childhood

Myth #50 Electroconvulsive (“Shock”) Therapy Is a Physically Dangerous and Brutal Treatment

Postscript

Appendix

References

Index