Introduction. Exploring the Secret Realm of the Waking Dream
1. Morley, Dreams of Awakening, 19. Morley notes that this was the first song to ever be sung within a lucid dream by Stephen LaBerge’s research team.
2. For a good discussion of the levels of lucidity that are achievable within the dream state, see Waggoner and McCready, Lucid Dreaming, Plain and Simple, 24–25.
3. Van Eeden, “Study of Dreams.”
4. Saint-Denys, Les rêves.
5. Hearne, Dream Machine, 17–18.
6. LaBerge et al., “Lucid dreaming verified.”
7. LaBerge, Lucid Dreaming: A Concise Guide, 61.
8. Peters and Price-Williams, “Towards an experiential analysis,” 398–99.
9. Krippner, “Psychology of shamans,” 10–12, 38–40.
10. Hurd, “Lucid Dreaming as Shamanic Consciousness.”
11. Castaneda, Teachings of Don Juan, Separate Reality, etc.
12. Kharitidi, Master of Lucid Dreams.
13. Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 253.
14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckankar.
15. Brown, “DMT Research and Nonhuman-Entity Contact” in Frontiers of Psychedelic Consciousness, 148.
16. Waggoner, Lucid Dreaming, 63.
17. Hoyle, “Science Wakes Up.”
Chapter 1. Shamanic Plants, Psychedelics, and Mind-Body Healing
1. Carey, “LSD Reconsidered.”
2. Richardson, “Psychedelic Drugs.”
3. Dobkin de Rios and Janiger, LSD; and Fadiman, Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide.
4. Kärkkäinen et al., “Potentially hallucinogenic.”
5. Shulgin and Shulgin, “DMT Is Everywhere,” 249.
6. Servillo et al., “N-Methylated tryptamine derivatives”; and Servillo et al., “Citrus genus plants contain N-methylated tryptamine derivatives.”
7. DMT: The Spirit Molecule (film). “Terence [McKenna] was very . . . he was a good promoter” (00:16:47) . . . “Basically he said it’s the ultimate metaphysical reality pill” (00:16:53).
8. Murray et al., “Increased excretion of dimethyltryptamine.”
9. Barker et al., “LC/MS/MS analysis.”
10. Personal e-mail communication from Rick Strassman to the author on August 9, 2014.
11. Mithoefer et al., “Safety and efficacy.”
12. For a comprehensive summary of the medical research into psychedelics since 1990, see my e-book Psychedelic Drug Research.
13. Griffiths et al., “Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences.”
14. Catlow et al., “Effects of psilocybin.”
15. Carhart-Harris et al., “Neural correlates.”
16. Tagliazucchi et al., “Enhanced repertoire”; and “Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms.”
17. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 26.
18. Ibid., 109.
19. Springer and Deutsch, Left Brain, Right Brain.
20. Greenwood and Gazzaniga, “Dream report.”
21. “Behavior of Split Brain Patients.”
22. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 159.
23. Ibid.
24. LaBerge and Dement, “Lateralization of alpha activity.”
25. Montplaisir, “REM sleep dream mentation.”
26. McCormick et al., “Handedness.”
27. Garfield, Creative Dreaming, 18 (see the story of Claire Sylvia).
28. This discussion with LaBerge appears in my book (with Rebecca Novick) Mavericks of the Mind.
29. E. Davis, “Ayahuasca,” 12–13.
30. Laughlin, Communing, 275.
31. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 136.
32. Echenhofer, “Dynamics of healing.”
33. Voss et al., “Lucid dreaming.”
34. Lutz et al., “Long-term meditators.”
35. Palhano-Fontes et al., “Psychedelic state.”
36. Bogzaran, “Experiencing the divine,” 28.
37. Hurd, “Unearthing the Paleolithic Mind.”
38. Bourguignon, “Dreams.”
39. Szpakowska, “Through the Looking Glass,” 31.
40. Magaña, Toltec Secret, 47.
41. Ibid., 87.
42. Laughlin, Communing, 251.
43. Ibid., 156–57.
44. Ibid., 134.
45. Ibid., 64.
46. Ibid., 276.
47. Ibid., 277.
48. Fox, Astral Projection, 90–91.
49. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 39–40.
50. Malcolm, reference 51: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream.
51. Laughlin, Communing, 139.
52. Tart, “High Dream,” 171–76.
53. Faraday, Dream Power, 294–95.
54. Gillis, “Dream Trips”; and Kay, “Psychedelics.”
Chapter 2. The Psychology and Physiology of Dreaming
1. J. Hobson, “REM sleep.”
2. Moorcroft, Understanding Sleep and Dreaming, 227.
3. Nielsen, “Mentation.”
4. Ouspensky, On the Study, 295–96.
5. Ekirch, At Day’s Close.
6. Ibid., 300–308.
7. Wehr, “In short photoperiods.”
8. Ibid.
9. Ekirch, At Day’s Close, xxvii.
10. Hobson and McCarley, “Brain is a dream state generator,” 1347.
11. Antrobus, “Neurocognition of Sleep”; and Solms, “Dreaming and REM sleep.”
12. Nielsen and Stenstrom, “What are the memory sources?”
13. Van der Helm and Walker, “Sleep and emotional memory processing.”
14. Valli et al., “Dreams are more negative.”
15. Hall and Van de Castle, Content Analysis.
16. Domhoff, “Dreams of Men.”
17. Hall and Van de Castle, Content Analysis, 164.
18. Alleyne, “Black and White.”
19. Edelman and Tononi, Universe of Consciousness, 53.
20. Zimmerman, Stoyva, and Metcalf, “Distorted visual field”; and De Konick, Prévost, and Lortie-Lussier, “Vertical inversion.”
21. Hartman and Zimberoff, “REM and non-REM.”
22. Dane, “Non-REM.”
23. Pilcher, “Dreamless woman.”
24. Hunt, “Some relations,” 226.
25. Laughlin, Communing, 126–27.
26. Morin, “What People around the World Dream About.”
27. Laughlin, Communing, 23.
28. Pace-Schott, Sleep and Dreaming, 197.
29. Aristotle, Works, 703–6.
30. Maury, Le sommeil, 133–34.
31. Ouspensky, On the Study, 289–90.
32. Ehrlich, “Read the Lost Dream.”
33. Freud, Interpretation, 611.
34. Jung, Dreams, 5.
35. Ibid., 77.
36. Riley, A. “Bees learn while they sleep.”
37. Brylowski, Levitan, and LaBerge. “H-reflex suppression.”
38. Serafetinides, Shurley, and Brooks, “Electroencephalogram.”
39. Kaufman, “Dreams Make You Smarter.”
40. Schredl, “Creativity and dream recall.”
41. Wagner et al., “Sleep inspires.”
42. Page, transcript.
43. Laughlin, Communing, 251.
44. De Becker, Understanding, 85.
45. Stevenson, “Chapter on Dreams,” 206–30.
46. Damer and Deamer, “Coupled phases.”
47. Johnson, “Magic, Meditation,” 46.
48. Ibid., 50.
49. Ibid., 46.
50. Love, Are You Dreaming? 226–27.
51. Lucas, portfolio.
52. Casale, “Lucid.”
53. Johnson, “Magic, Meditation,” 47.
54. Petri et al., “Homological scaffolds.”
55. Ibid.
56. Love, Are You Dreaming? 206.
Chapter 3. The Science of Lucid Dreaming
1. Tart, “Towards the experimental,” 88.
2. Green, Lucid Dreams, 128.
3. Hearne, Dream Machine, 11.
4. Hearne, “Insight into Lucid Dreams.”
5. LaBerge et al., “Lucid dreaming verified.”
6. Voss et al., “Lucid dreaming.”
7. Hobson and Voss, “A mind to go out of.”
8. Voss et al., “Lucid dreaming.”
9. J. Hobson, “REM sleep.”
10. Oneironaut.
11. Gackenbach, “Video game play.”
12. Gackenbach and Hunt, “Deeper Inquiry.”
13. Arnold-Foster, Studies in Dreams, 30–31.
14. Kasatkin, Theory, 6–9.
15. R. Smith, “Traumatic dreams” and “Do dreams reflect.”
16. Taitz, “Clinical Applications.”
17. Zappaterra, Lysander, and Pangarkat, “Chronic pain resolution.”
18. Pert, Molecules of Emotion, 28.
19. Erlacher and Schredl, “Cardiovascular responses.”
20. Dresler et al., “Dreamed movement.”
21. LaBerge, Greenleaf, and Kedzierski, “Physiological responses.”
22. Karacan et al., “Uterine activity.”
23. Fischer, Gross, and Zuch, “Cycle of penile erection.”
24. Rycroft, The Innocence of Dreams, 111.
25. Waggoner and McCready, Lucid Dreaming, Plain and Simple, 163.
26. Kellogg, “Personal Experience,” 6–7.
27. Moss, Conscious Dreaming, 14.
28. Garfield, Healing Power.
29. Barasch, Healing Dreams, 5.
30. Kellogg, referenced in Waggoner and McCready, Lucid Dreaming, Plain and Simple, 17.
31. S. Davis, “Being in a Coma.”
32. Waggoner, “A Look at Lucid Dreams.”
33. Dresler et al., “Dreamed movement.”
34. “Scientists Measure Dream Content.”
35. Bourke and Shaw, “Spontaneous lucid dreaming.”
36. Erlacher and Schredl, “Applied research.”
37. Filevich et al., “Metacognitive mechanisms.”
38. Voss et al., “Induction of self awareness.”
39. Jorge Conesa Sevilla presented this unpublished research in a Web-based seminar hosted by Ryan Hurd on the Evolver social network, www.evolvernetwork.org, on November 20, 2014.
40. Waggoner, Lucid Dreaming, 211.
Chapter 4. Improving Lucid Dreaming and Developing Superpowers in the Dream Realm
1. Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Science of Lucid Dream,” 81.
2. Van de Castle, Our Dreaming Mind, 457.
3. Holzinger, “Lucid Dreaming,” 42–44.
4. Hurd, “Unearthing the Paleolithic,” 296.
5. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 129.
6. Laughlin, Communing, 465–66.
7. Daulerio, “Lucid Dreams Deferred.”
8. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 120–21.
9. Chapters by Riboli, Holzinger, and Dahl, in Lucid Dreaming, eds. Hurd and Bulkely.
10. Fox, Astral Projection, 120–21.
11. Schredl and Erlacher, “Frequency of lucid dreaming”; and Erlacher et al., “Incidence of lucid dreaming.”
12. LaBerge, “Lucid Dreaming: Psychophysical Studies”; and Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Lucid dreaming during NREM.”
13. Moss, Conscious Dreaming, 72.
14. Reed, “Learning to remember”; and Schredl, “Questionaire and diaries.”
15. Fox, Astral Projection, 157.
16. Ouspensky, On the Study, 272.
17. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 114.
18. Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Science of Lucid Dream,” 87–89.
19. Love, Are You Dreaming? 81.
20. Translated by Beth Mugge in LaBerge, “Lucid Dreaming in Western Literature.”
21. Castaneda, Journey to Ixtlan, 83–84.
22. Waggoner and McCready, Lucid Dreaming, 34–36.
23. Levitan et al., “Look and feel.”
24. James1982, “What’s the deal.”
25. Edelstein and LaBerge, “The best time.”
26. Gackenbach, Cranson, and Alexander, “Lucid dreaming”; and Hunt and Ogilvie, “Lucid Dreams in Their Natural Series.” in Gackenbach and LaBerge, eds., Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain.
27. R. Wallace, “Physiological effects.”
28. Gackenbach and Bosveld, Control Your Dream.
29. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 158.
30. Dodet, et al., “Lucid dreaming in narcolepsy,” 487–97.
31. Laughlin, Communing, 415.
32. Levitan, “Sleep on the right, as a lion doth . . .”
33. Masako, Bang, Watanabe, and Sasaki, “Night Watch in One Brain Hemisphere,” 1190–94.
34. LaBerge, Phillips, and Levitan, “An Hour of Wakefulness”; and Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Science of Lucid Dream,” 85–89.
35. Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Science of Lucid Dream,” 87–88.
36. Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 77.
37. J. Hobson, Dreaming Brain, 111.
38. LaBerge and Rheingold, Exploring the World, 143.
39. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 67.
40. LaBerge, Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Being Awake, 179.
41. Holzinger, “Lucid Dreaming,” 39.
42. McNamara, Nightmares, 5.
43. Hurd, “Unearthing the Paleolithic Mind,” 300.
44. Garfield, Creative Dreaming, 112–15.
45. Van de Castle, Our Dreaming Mind, 449.
46. Fox, Astral Projection, 32–33.
47. Love, Are You Dreaming? 200.
48. Epel, Writers Dreaming, 282.
49. Saint-Denys, Les rêves, 141.
50. Lilly, Programming and Metaprogramming, xvi.
Chapter 5. Enhancing Dreaming with Oneirogens, Nutritional Supplements, Herbs, and Drugs
1. Mayagoitia, Diaz, and Contreras, “Study on Calea.”
2. Ibid.
3. Freemon and Al-Marashi, “Long-term changes.”
4. Revonsuo, “Reinterpretation of dreams.”
5. Sampson, “Psychological effects.”
6. Hartmann, “Why Do We Dream?”
7. McKenna, “Trialogue: Cannabis.”
8. Lehrer, “Does Marijuana Make You Stupid?”
9. Nielsen et al., “Partial REM-sleep deprivation.”
10. “Parkinson Disease.”
11. Baker, “Tradition and toxicity.”
12. Boerner et al., “Kava-Kava extract.”
13. Lehrl, “Clinical efficacy of kava.”
14. Brown, Frontiers, 208.
15. Stumbrys and Erlacher, “Science of Lucid Dream,” 93.
16. Ragno, “Why skullcap is one of my all-time favorite medicinal plants.”
17. Shroomery.
18. Erowid Experience Vaults.
19. Ibid.
20. Ebben, Lequerica, and Spielman, “Effects of pyridoxine.”
21. Yuschak, Advanced Lucid Dreaming, 102–3.
22. Gomez-Ramirez et al., “The deployment.”
23. La Marca and LaBerge, “Pre-sleep treatment.”
24. LaBerge and Levitan, Substances That Enhance.
25. Hurd, “Initial Findings.”
26. Torda, “Contribution to serotonin.”
27. www.lucidity.com/LucidDreamingFAQ2.html.
28. Mandell, “Toward a Psychobiology.”
29. Anderson, “Ibogaine therapy.”
30. Erowid Experience Vaults.
31. Devereux and Devereux, Lucid Dreaming.
32. Pickover, Sex, Drugs, Einstein, 9.
33. Ibid.
Chapter 6. Exploring the Potential of Electronic Technologies
1. Hearne, Dream Machine, 90.
2. LaBerge and Levitan, “Validity established.”
3. Hurd, “Lucid Dreaming Masks.”
4. Gelhorn and Kiely, “Mystical states of consciousness.”
5. Post, “Educational Frontiers of Training,” 140.
6. Winter, “Personal Sleep Monitors.”
7. Mordvintsev, Olah, and Tyka, “Inceptionism.”
8. Ibid.
9. Horikawa et al., “Neural decoding.”
10. Tong and Pratte, “Decoding patterns.”
11. Oldis, “Can We Turn Our Dreams Into Watchable Movies?”
Chapter 7. Communicating with Dream Characters, Archetypes, Spirits, and Disembodied Entities
1. Jung, Psychogenesis.
2. Waggoner, “Learning the Depths,” 203.
3. Jung, Memories, Dreams, 183.
4. Van Eeden, “Study of Dreams,” 456.
5. Father X, quoted in Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 24.
6. Domino, “Became Lucid.”
7. Love, Are You Dreaming? 231.
8. Waggoner, Lucid Dreaming, 126–27.
9. Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 76–77.
10. Ibid., 81.
11. LaBerge, Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Being Awake, 179.
12. Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 242.
13. Hurd, “Doppelgänger.”
14. Krippner and Faith, “Exotic dreams.”
15. Chuang Chou, quoted in Soothill, The Three Religions of China, 75.
16. Hearne, Dream Machine, 55.
17. Zoe7, Into the Void, 43.
18. Waggoner, Lucid Dreaming, 47.
19. Barrett, “Dreaming as a Normal Model,” 123.
20. Rosie D., “Aggressive alters.”
21. Hallis, “The Death Interviews.”
22. Gackenbach and Bosveld, Control Your Dreams, 168, 174; and Gackenbach, “Sex differences.”
23. Ouspensky, New Model, 281–82.
24. LaBerge and Rheingold, Exploring the World, 135–36.
25. Garfield, Creative Dreaming, 169.
Chapter 8. Dream Telepathy, Psychic Phenomena, Mutual Dreaming, and Shared Lucid Dreams
1. Radin, Conscious Universe, 22.
2. www.sheldrake.org/research/glossary.
3. Personal communication from psychologist Jean Millay.
4. “Psi-chedelic Science.”
5. Gurney, Myers, and Podmore, Phantasms of the Living.
6. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 97.
7. Ibid., 101.
8. Persinger and Krippner, “Dream ESP Experiments and Geomagnetic Activity.”
9. Krippner, “Pilot Study.”
10. Sherwood and Roe, “Review.”
11. Ibid.
12. C. Smith, “Can healthy, young adults uncover?”
13. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 1.
14. Ibid., 118.
15. Ibid., 107.
16. Garfield, Creative Dreaming, 18.
17. Radin, “Unconscious perception” and “Electrodermal presentiments.”
18. Soon et al., “Unconscious determinants.”
19. Laughlin, Communing, 216.
20. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 96.
21. McNamara, “Precognitive Dreams.”
22. Hurd, Big Dreams, 24.
23. Sheldrake, Sense of Being, 242.
24. Hearne, Dream Machine, 105–6.
25. Fox, Astral Projection, 45–46.
26. Krippner, “A psychic dream?”
27. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 119.
28. Soik, www.linkedin.com/in/hunterleesoik.
29. Van de Castle, Our Dreaming Mind, 49.
30. Castaneda, Art of Dreaming.
31. Magallon, Mutual Dreaming.
32. Fox, Astral Projection, 47.
33. Poirier, “This Is Good,” 113.
34. Kellogg, “Mutual lucid dream.”
35. Shohet, Dream Sharing.
36. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 122–23.
37. Martone, “Scientists Discover.”
38. Hamilton, “Twin Telepathy.”
39. LaBerge, Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Being Awake, 251.
40. Kellogg, “Tails.”
Chapter 9. Out-of-Body Experiences, Parallel Universes, and Alternate Dimensions
1. Laughlin, Communing, 69.
2. Ibid., 82.
3. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 107.
4. Nietzsche, Human.
5. Braithwaite et al., “Cognitive correlates.”
6. Irwin, “Out of Body.”
7. McCreery, “Schizotypy.”
8. Monroe, Far Journeys, 265.
9. Monroe, “Wanted,” 49.
10. Boyd, “Astral Projection 101.”
11. Fox, Astral Projection, 40.
12. Brooks and Vogelsong, Conscious Exploration, 151–53.
13. Ibid., 39.
14. Ibid., 40.
15. Blackmore, “Theory of Lucid Dreams,” 375–77.
16. Ibid. 384.
17. Blackmore, “Postal survey.”
18. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 52–64.
19. Green, Out-of-the-Body.
20. Levitan and LaBerge, “In the mind.”
21. LaBerge, “Stuff of dreams.”
22. Irwin, Flight.
23. Braithwaite et al., “Cognitive correlates.”
24. Nicholls, Navigating.
25. Graff, Tracks.
26. McMoneagle and May, Memoirs.
27. Tart, “Psychophysiological study.”
28. “Transmitting Thought.”
29. Gackenbach and Bosveld, Control Your Dreams, 129.
30. Sartori, Near-Death Experiences.
31. Van Lommel et al., “Near-death experience.”
32. Parnia et al., “AWARE.”
33. Brown, Frontiers, 39.
34. Alexander, Proof, 46.
35. Ibid., 142.
36. Harris, Waking Up, 174–86.
37. Personal communication with neuroscientists Paul Goodwin and David E. Nichols.
38. Sheldrake, Seven Experiments, 262–63.
39. Mays and Mays, “Phantom limb ‘touch’.”
40. Brown, Frontiers, 203.
41. Fox, Astral Projection, 72–73.
42. Hurd, “Guarding.”
43. Wolf, Dreaming Universe.
44. Kaku, Parallel Worlds.
45. “Reality Fishing,” 71.
46. Bryanton, Imagining the Tenth Dimension, 3.
47. Wilson and Grant, “Man from Taured.”
48. Laughlin, Communing, 45.
49. Erlacher et al., “Time for actions.”
50. “Very, very long dreams.”
51. “Can We Really Spend Years”; and “Time Dilation.”
52. “Story of Narada.”
Chapter 10. Conscious Dreaming as a Path to Spiritual Awakening
1. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 147.
2. LaBerge and Rheingold, Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming, 10–11.
3. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 145.
4. Grof, When the Impossible Happens.
5. “About Edgar Cayce’s A.R.E.”
6. Personal communication from Alison Ray, marketing and public information manager of A.R.E.
7. Krippner, Bogzaran, and de Carvalho, Extraordinary Dreams, 130.
8. Morley, Dreams of Awakening, 24.
9. Tarthang, Openness, 74.
10. Pollan, “Trip Treatment.”
11. Waggoner, Lucid Dreaming, 97–106.
12. Evans-Wentz, Tibetan Yoga, 221–22.
13. Waggoner, “Learning the Depths,” 193.
14. Kellogg, “Lucid Dream Information.”
15. Morley, Dreams of Awakening, 246.
16. Young, “Buddhist Dream Experience,” 18.
17. Laughlin, Communing, 159.
18. Green and McCreery, Lucid Dreaming, 101–2.
19. Ibid., 102.
20. Garfield, Creative Dreaming, 65.
21. Garfield, Dream Messenger.
22. Ibid., from the inside dust jacket of the book.
23. Ibid., 33.
24. Griffiths et al., “Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences.”
25. Bogzaran, “Experiencing the divine.”
26. Bogzaran, “Images,” 209–13.
27. Hurd, “Exploring the Void.”
28. Zoe7, Back from the Void, 23.
29. Tarthang, Openness, 86.
30. Summarized by O’Flaherty in “Uses and misuses,” 219–20.
31. Ibid., 220.
32. Stevens, Private Myths.