Prologue
xv“Was there ever such stuff”: Frances Burney, Journals and Letters, ed. Peter Sabor and Lars E. Troide (Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 2001), 228.
xvi“fitt”: See Gunnar Sorelius, “The Rights of the Restoration Theatrical Companies in the Older Drama,” Studie Neophilologica 37 (1967): 176.
xviiarchaic and tortuous to the Restoration ear: A brief example of D’Avenant’s smoothing of Shakespeare’s language for a contemporary audience may help to illustrate. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the description of Macbeth battling the rebel Macdonwald appears as follows (1.2.18–25):
For Brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name),
Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel,
Which smoked with bloody execution,
Like Valor’s minion carved out his passage
Till he faced the slave;
Which ne’er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseamed him from the nave to th’ chops,
And fix’d his head upon our battlements.
D’Avenant’s version has:
But brave Macbeth (who well deserves that name)
Did with his frowns put all her smiles to fright:
And Cut his passage to the Rebels person:
Then having Conquer’d him with single force,
He fixt his Head upon out Battlements.
The result is a less ferocious Macbeth, no longer in the midst of gory hand-to-hand evisceration, his enemy’s bowels ribboning at his feet. Consider also the murder of Duncan. In the mouth of D’Avenant’s Macbeth,
If it were well when done; then it were well
It were done quickly; if his Death might be
Without the Death of nature in my self,
And killing my own rest; it wou’d suffice;
But deeds of this complexion still return
To plague the doer, and destroy his peace.
Yet let me think; he’s here in double trust.
In Shakespeare, his thoughts are far less linear:
If it were done, when ’tis done, then ’twere well
It were done quickly. If th’ assassination
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch
With his surcease, success; that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,
We’d jump the life to come. But in these cases
We still have judgment here, that we but teach
Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return
To plague th’ inventor. This even-handed justice
Commends th’ ingredient of our poison’d chalice
To our own lips. He’s here in double trust. (1.7.1–12)
D’Avenant’s reworking retains the sense in summary but lacks entirely Shakespeare’s cosmic scale. In the original, Macbeth fixes the crime within the competing temporalities of fate and free will, the one focused on an isolated moment—“here, / But here”—while the other is aware of its relationship to all time. The contending mind is caught in looping syntax and hopscotch words that shift between eternity and the “bank and shoal of time,” before ultimately resigning itself to the logic of tragedy—that those who kill must in turn be killed—which is also, to some degree, an admission that he himself is a fiction.
xviii“Decency and good Manners”: Quoted in Michael Dobson, The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660–1769 (Oxford: Clarendon, 2001), 157. The Shakespeare Ladies Club was responsible for reviving a number of plays at Covent Garden that had otherwise fallen out of the repertoire, including Richard II, the second part of Henry IV, and the comedies Twelfth Night, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice, all of which were supported by the excellence of the actors who played their strong female leads. See Arthur H. Scouten, The London Stage, 1729–1747: A Critical Introduction (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Ferrer and Simons, 1968), l.
xviii“natural, free and easy”: London Evening Post, January 29–31, 1741.
xviii “Perhaps a nation’s virtue too”: William Whitehead, Poems on Several Occasions, with the Roman Father, a Tragedy (London, 1754), 105.
xviii“whether Shakespeare owes more to Garrick”: James Granger, A Biographical History of England, from Egbert the Great to the Revolution (London, 1769), 2:288.
xviii“the house of William Shakespeare”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 1:172.
xix“Quietness and Devotion”: Joseph Pittard, Observations on Mr. Garrick’s Acting; in a Letter to the Right Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield (London, 1758), 22.
xix“assisted the deficiencies”: The London Magazine, 1769, 407.
xix“an elegant and truly classical”: Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769. Nicola J. Watson has usefully described the Jubilee as “a theatricalization of the biographical within topography”; see her “Shakespeare on the Tourist Trail,” in Shakespeare and Popular Culture, ed. Robert Shaughnessy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 205.
xx“hand in hand with Shakespeare”: Antijubileana, Saunders Papers (1769), ER1/83/4, n.p., Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
xxi“like a Frenchman at an ordinary”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 283.
Chapter 1
1“ye Bed of Death”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 2:640.
1born with only a single kidney: See Michael Caines, Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 92.
2“The freedom of your town”: Garrick, Letters, 1:345.
3“the Trojan Horse”: Public Advertiser, July 1, 1769.
4“to be kept up every seventh Year”: Public Advertiser, May 15 and May 11, 1769.
7“the scars of his scrophula”: James Boswell, Life of Johnson (Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2008), 68.
8“signalized, for many years, as the emporium of wit”: Anon., Memoirs of the Bedford Coffee-House. By a Genius (London 1763), 1.
8“the English are the Frenchman’s Apes”: Francis Gorse, A Provincial Glossary, with a Collection of Local Proverbs, and Popular Superstitions (London, 1787), n.p.
9face a fifty-pound fine: See Julia Swindells, “The Political Context of the 1737 Licensing Act,” in The Oxford Handbook of Georgian Theatre, ed. Julia Swindells and David Francis Taylor (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 110.
9required that patrons purchase a pint: See Arthur H. Scouten, The London Stage 1729–1747: A Critical Introduction (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Ferrer and Simons, 1968), li–lvii.
11“loud and reiterated applause”: Thomas Davies, Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick (London, 1784), 1:40.
11“a complete master of his art”: Arthur Murphy, The Life of David Garrick, Esq. (Dublin, 1801), 18.
11“the splendour of St. James’s”: Davies, Garrick, 1:41.
11“ye best Actor”: Garrick, Letters, 1:31.
11“(as You must know) has always been”: Ibid., 1:28.
12“Sir John Brute all day”: David Williams, A letter to David Garrick, Esq. On His Conduct as Principal Manager and Actor at Drury-Lane (London, 1778), 17.
13To prepare for this new interpretation: See Robert Shaughnessy, “Shakespeare and the London Stage,” in Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Fiona Richie and Peter Sabor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 177.
13“subtle, selfish, fawning”: James Thomas Kirkman, Memoirs of the Life of Charles Macklin, Esq, Compiled from his Own Papers and Memorandums (London, 1799), 1:260.
13“This is the Jew”: Quoted in ibid., 1:264. I use the word “allegedly” because no verification of Pope’s endorsement exists beyond Kirkman’s biography. See Fiona Ritchie, “Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century Actress,” Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal of Shakespeare Appropriation 11, no. 2 (2006): 9.
13“save by costume and outbursts of fury”: Quoted in George Winchester Stone Jr. and George M. Kahrl, David Garrick: A Critical Biography (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Feffer and Simons, 1979), 29.
13“to intrap applause”: Davies, Garrick, 1:40.
14“Declamation roared”: Murphy, Garrick, 12.
14“heaving up his words”: Davies, Garrick, 1:40. See also Celestine Woo, Romantic Actors and Bardolatry: Performing Shakespeare from Garrick to Kean (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 21.
14“the fixed glare of tragic expression”: Joseph Haslewood, The Secret History of the Green Room (London, 1795), 1:68.
14Macklin’s unnecessary fidgeting: William Cooke, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, Comedian, With the Dramatic Characters, Manners, Anecdotes etc. of the Age in Which He Lived. 2nd ed. (London, 1806), 99.
15“I believe my eyeball”: Kirkman, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, 1:202.
15He died the following day: Ibid., 1:197.
15“he dropped it”: Murphy, Garrick, 20.
15“I learned to imitate madness”: Ibid., 21.
16“great Excellency in Characters”: David Garrick, An Essay on Acting (London, 1744), 9–10.
16“When Garrick entered the scene”: Murphy, Garrick, 30.
16“He was so natural”: Quoted in Jocelyn Powell, “Dance and Drama in the Eighteenth Century: David Garrick and Jean Georges Noverre,” Word & Image 4, no. 3–4 (1988): 679.
16“Parts so naturally”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, May 1743, 254.
16“seniority was considered”: Anon., The Life of James Quin, Comedian, With the History of the Stage From His Commencing Actor to His Retreat to Bath (London, 1887), 17.
17“as if a whole century”: Richard Cumberland, Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, Written By Himself, ed. Henry Flanders (Philadelphia, 1856), 47.
Chapter 2
18“I used to adore and look upon”: James Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal: 1762–1763, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950), 161.
19“so much yes and no”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 213.
19“Her most desirable person”: Ibid.
19“I am exceedingly in love”: James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell and William Johnson Temple, 1756–1795, ed, Thomas Crawford (Edinburgh/New Haven: Edinburgh University Press/Yale University Press, 1997), 1:246.
19“newspaper fame”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 272.
20“I liked to see the effect”: Ibid., 268.
20“I am really the Great Man now”: Boswell, Correspondence of Boswell and Temple, l:236.
22philosopher named John Williamson: See Alexander Alladyce, ed., Scotland and Scotsmen in the Eighteenth Century (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1888) 2:327.
23“yielding to received opinions”: James Boswell, “Sketch of the Early Life of James Boswell, Written by Himself for Jean Jacques Rousseau, 5 December 1764,” in Frederick A. Pottle, James Boswell: The Earlier Years, 1740–1769 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), 4.
24“with a mixture of narrow-minded horror”: Boswell, London Journal, 85.
24“The impression he made upon”: James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell with David Garrick, Edmund Burke, Edmond Malone, ed. George M. Kahrl, Rachel McClellan, Thomas W. Copeland, James M. Osborn, and Peter S. Baker (London: Heinemann, 1986), 77.
24“She has the finest Person”: [James Boswell], A View of the Edinburgh Theatre During the Summer Season, 1759 (London, 1760), 11.
25become a Catholic priest: See Robert Zaretsky, Boswell’s Enlightenment (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015), 40.
26“for your particular kindness”: James Boswell, Ode to Tragedy, by a Gentleman of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1761), dedication.
26“Thou greatest of men”: Boswell, London Journal, 161.
26“so very high”: Ibid., 256–57.
27“who lurk about the house avenues”: Theatrical Monitor, December 19, 1767.
27“plain, sober Tradesmen”: Ralph James, The Taste of the Town: Or, A Guide to All Publick Diversions (London, 1731), 139.
27“Encore the cow!”: Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland and The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, ed. Peter Levi (London: Penguin, 1984), 406n.
27“confine myself to the cow”: Ibid.
28“hush men”: James Boaden, The Memoirs of Mrs. Siddons, Interspersed with Anecdotes of Authors and Actors (Philadelphia, 1837), 374.
29“generous contemplative mind”: James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell and John Johnston of Grange, ed. Ralph S. Walker (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), 17.
Chapter 3
30“considered himself as under the necessity”: James Northcote, The Memoirs of Joshua Reynolds (Philadelphia, 1817), 120.
30They began at the birthplace: See Christian Deelman, The Great Shakespeare Jubilee (New York: Viking, 1964), 103.
30“every body will be there”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 2:651.
30“There is much talk”: Garrick, Letters, 2:647.
31Its size and character : Levi Fox, The Borough Town of Stratford upon Avon (Stratford: Corporation of Stratford upon Avon, 1953), 48.
31“with such violence as to deprive”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, 1769, 269.
32“the wretchedest old town”: Horace Walpole, The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Oxford, ed. Paget Toynbee (Oxford: Clarendon, 1904), 3:65.
32the famous mulberry tree: See Samuel Schoenbaum, Shakespeare’s Lives, new ed. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1991), 125.
32These intrusions so aggrieved Gastrell: See Martha Winburn England, Garrick and Stratford (New York: New York Public Library, 1962), 8–9.
33had the entire building demolished: Robert Bell Wheler, History and Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon (London, [1806?]), 37–38.
33“Trinkets, Seals, Tweezer and Tooth Pick cases”: Quoted in Jenny Uglow, The Lunar Men: Five Friends Whose Curiosity Changed the World (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002), 17.
33Toy work employed over twenty thousand people: See Donald Read, The English Provinces, c. 1760–1960 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1964), 18; Uglow, Lunar Men, 64.
34“The West-Indies”: William Hutton, An History of Birmingham, to the End of the Year 1780 (Birmingham, 1781), 70.
34“Surrounded with impassable roads”: Ibid., 64.
35“sixty feet long”: Articles for Erecting Stratford Town Hall, 1767, BRU 21/10, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
35open colonnade to house the corn market: Ibid.
36“as hearty, as sensible, and as polite a being”: “Letter from the Place of Shakespeare’s Nativity,” The British Magazine, 1762, 301–2.
37“In order to flatter Mr Garrick”: Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
37“I am Certain Mr Garrick”: Autograph Letter Signed [hereafter ALS], George Alexander Stevens to John Payton, December 28, 1767, Borough of Stratford, The New Town Hall, ER1/37, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
38“never failed to enjoy adulation”: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:97.
38“The Corporation of Stratford”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, pp. 127–28, British Library.
38“He told me he thought himself obliged”: ALS, George Alexander Stevens to John Payton, December 30, 1767, Borough of Stratford, The New Town Hall, ER1/37, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
39“grateful temple to Shakespeare”: Quoted in Ian McIntyre, Garrick (Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1999), 233.
39“A most noble statue”: Quoted in George Winchester Stone Jr. and George M. Kahrl, David Garrick: A Critical Biography (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Feffer and Simons, 1979), 429.
39“SHAKESPEARE revives!”: Richard Rolt, “Poetical Epistle from Shakespeare in Elysium, to Mr. Garrick, at Drury-Lane Theatre” (London, 1752), 6.
40had the empty page inscribed: See Michael Dobson, The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660–1769 (Oxford: Clarendon, 2001), 141–46.
42Dealing with celebrities: These transactions are detailed at length in Deelman, Great Shakespeare Jubilee, 66–72.
43“entirely laid out in the Honor of Shakespeare”: Garrick, Letters, 3:1353.
43“the stately Palace of some Duke”: Quoted in Peter M. Jones, “ ‘I had L[or]ds and Ladys to wait on yesterday . . . ’: Visitors to the Soho Manufactory,” in Matthew Boulton: Selling What All the World Desires, ed. Shena Mason (Birmingham: Birmingham City Council/Yale University Press, 2009), 71.
43“All well regulated states”: Quoted in John Money, Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1800 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977), 90.
44“determinate and final answer”: Garrick, Letters, 3:1353.
44encouraging Hunt to put up: See Deelman, Great Stratford Jubilee, 105.
44“The money which this Jubilee”: Whitehall Evening Post, September 2–5, 1769.
45“large family, in which there are”: Garrick, Letters, 1:370.
45“Tartar”: Ibid., 2:741.
45“had so many admirable traits”: Dibdin, Professional Life, 1:97n.
45“particularly bebitched”: Garrick, Letters, 2:496.
46“capacious, handsome, and strong”: Wheler, History and Antiquities, 91.
46“Being addicted to inebriety”: R. B. Wheler, Jubilee Album, ER1/14, p. 88 verso, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
46“was always in anxiety, lest in his absence”: Dibdin, Professional Life, 1:98n.
47“2 barges and Fishing Boat”: Garrick, Letters, 3:1354.
47“We shall want 8, 10, or a dozen”: Ibid., 3:360.
48“fine imperial tea”: Jerry White, A Great and Monstrous Thing: London in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013), 322; see also Tobias Smollet, The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker, ed. Lewis M. Knapp (Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 1992), 92.
48“a vast amphitheatre”: Quoted in Hannah Grieg, The Beau Monde: Fashionable Society in Georgian London (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 68.
49a lawyer named Dionysus Bradley: See The Gentleman’s Magazine, July 1769, 364.
49As the landlord of the White Lion: See Garrick, Letters, 3:1354.
49“Jubilee chicken”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, September 1769, 422.
49“either pursuing their occupations”: Ibid., 421.
50“The low People of Stratford”: St. James Chronicle, October 10, 1769.
50“riddotoes [sic] alternately”: Town and Country Magazine, July 1769, 344.
50“an intellectual feast”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, August 1769, 375.
51“desolate appearance”: Joseph Cradock, Literary and Miscellaneous Memoirs (London, 1828), 1:213.
51“If that great and striking object”: Garrick, Letters, 2:662.
51“We never were so uncomfortably circumstanced”: Cradock, Literary and Miscellaneous Memoirs, 1:213.
51“have all their plate stolen”: Ibid., 1:214.
52“There will be no Jubilee”: Ibid., 1:212.
Chapter 4
53“I have seen, within a year”: Benjamin Franklin, The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin (Philadelphia: McCarty and Davis, 1834), 2:514.
54“the people are taxed”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, March 1769, 167.
54the price of bread had doubled: See George Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty: A Social Study of 1763–1774 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1963), 90.
54“The papers are filled”: Quoted in ibid, 11.
55“a tessellated pavement”: Quoted in Anon., Authentic Memoirs of the Right Honourable the Late Earl of Chatham (London, 1778), 97.
55“The laws are despoiled”: Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents (London, 1770), 2–3.
56“poignant acrimony”: James Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal: 1762–1763, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950), 187.
56“honorable to the crown”: Thomas Smart Hughes, The History of England from the Accession of George III to the Accession of Queen Victoria (London, 1846), 1:311.
57“I am in doubt”: John Wilkes et al., The North Briton From No. I. to No. Xlvi. Inclusive (London, 1763), 2:231.
58“Authors, Printers and Publishers”: Quoted in Jerry White, A Great and Monstrous Thing: London in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press), 516–17.
58Boswell joined the crowd: Boswell, London Journal, 261.
58“solely as the reward”: James Boswell, Life of Johnson (Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2008), 264.
59“isthmus between arbitrary power and anarchy”: Quoted in John Brewer, Party Ideology and Popular Politics at the Accession of George II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), 245.
59“the middling and inferior set”: Quoted in White, Great and Monstrous Thing, 517.
59“This hero is as bad”: Horace Walpole, The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Oxford, ed. Paget Toynbee (Oxford: Clarendon, 1904), 5:315.
60“rough, blunt fellow”: Boswell, London Journal, 266.
60“the phoenix of convivial felicity”: Boswell, Life of Johnson, 862.
60“an enemy to the true old British”: James Boswell, Boswell on the Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 1765–1766, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1955), 69.
60“Never think on futurity”: Ibid., 55.
60“Go home by Holland”: Ibid., 57.
60“three or four whores”: Ibid., 54.
60“to many she gives not”: Ibid., 56. Wilkes had been a member of the Medmenham Monks, a group of twelve men who would convene among the old elms at Buckinghamshire’s Medmenham Abbey for parties that included drinking, masquerades, sex games, and travesties of Catholic ritual hosted in an old church accessed through a door that had been fashioned to resemble a vagina. All who entered had to swear not to reveal the secrets within. Images of Harpocrates and Angerona, the god and goddess of silence, reminded them of their oath, while their abbot, the dissolute Sir Francis Dashwood, poured votive libations onto a goddess without eyes. During the initial phase of the North Briton affair, Wilkes had asked his printer to make up twelve copies of a pornographic poem he had written titled The Essay on Women in emulation of Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man, to share with his fellow monks. When a copy of this graphic and misogynistic work reached Lord Sandwich, himself a Medmenham Monk, but also a political opponent of Wilkes, Sandwich chose loyalty to his king over loyalty to his faux monastic order and read several lines aloud in the House of Lords as evidence of the full extent of Wilkes’s depravity. A chorus of shouts went up as Sandwich read lines such as “since life can little more supply / Than just a few good Fucks and then we die.” Some voices called for him to stop, others for him to carry on. See Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, Letters Between the Duke of Grafton and John Wilkes, esq. (London, 1769), 1:46; White, Great and Monstrous Thing, 519.
61“Be Spaniard: girl every day”: Boswell, Grand Tour: Italy, Corsica, and France, 51.
61“champions of liberty will in time”: Ibid., 73.
61“the confusion and the noise”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 142.
62When he recounted this tale to Samuel Johnson: Ibid., 148.
63free beer to the mob: See Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, 43.
63“very sink of vice”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 158–59.
63escape a party to attend a prison: See The Gentleman’s Magazine, 1769, 109.
63twenty thousand in the afternoon: See Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, 50.
63“Wilkes and Liberty”: Quoted in ibid.
64“object of persecution”: Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, 40.
65Fifteen county petitions: See Peter D. G. Thomas, John Wilkes: A Friend to Liberty (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996), 104; Rudé, Wilkes and Liberty, 132–33.
65“the restless offspring”: Quoted in John Money, Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1800 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977), 172, 69.
65Garrick’s mulberry box: See Hugh Tait, “Garrick, Shakespeare and Wilkes,” The British Museum Quarterly 24, no. 3–4 (1961): 106.
65“The people of England”: An Account of the Jubilee Celebrated at Stratford-upon-Avon in Honour of Shakspeare, 1769 . . . Collected and Arranged from Different Authorities, Saunders Papers, ER1/82, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
66“purify my blood”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 269.
66“When I left Scotland”: Ibid.
66“it belonged to the chapter”: Ibid., 272.
66gifted statue as “terrible”: Boswell, Life of Johnson, 402.
67“envious malignity or superstitious veneration”: Samuel Johnson, Mr. Johnson’s Preface to His Edition of Shakespear’s Plays (London, 1765), 22.
67“a blind indiscriminate admiration”: Boswell, Life of Johnson, 350.
67“Shakespear never has six lines together”: Ibid., 863, 418, 412.
68“partake in the festival of genius”: Ibid., 469, 402.
68“that Davy Garrick, who was”: James Boswell, Boswell for the Defence, 1769–1774, ed. William K. Wimsatt Jr. and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), 119.
68consult with Dr. Kennedy: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 278.
68“a very handsome vine”: Ibid., 274.
Chapter 5
69“in general, much dissatisfied”: Benjamin Victor, The History of the Theatres of London from the Year 1760 to the Present Times (London, 1771), 231–32.
69“I heard yesterday to my Surprise”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 2:660.
70Back kitchens, landings, outhouses: See John Solas Dodd, Essays and Poems, Satirical, Moral, Political, and Entertaining (Cork, 1770), 250.
70“no hovel almost remained”: An Account of the Jubilee Celebrated at Stratford-upon-Avon in Honour of Shakspeare, 1769 . . . Collected and Arranged from Different Authorities, Saunders Papers, ER1/82, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
70“the exorbitant price that some”: Garrick, Letters, 2:661.
70“The Fame of Shakespeare”: Public Advertiser, July 29, 1769.
71“Come brothers of Stratford”: Quoted in Dodd, Essays and Poems, 263–64.
72“a dreadful example to those”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p. 43, British Library.
72“an epistle in verse to Monsieur de Voltaire”: St. James Chronicle, June 1, 1769; Public Advertiser, June 6, 1769.
72“Because you have no taste”: James Boswell, Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953), 299.
73“French Plunderer”: Public Advertiser, June 8, 1769.
73“beauteous Nature fills”: George Keate, Ferney: An Epistle to Monsr. De Voltaire (London, 1768), 2.
73“Above Controul, above each classic Rule”: Ibid., 13.
73“Your present to Keate”: David Garrick to William Hunt, July 14, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
73“asthmatic and intermittent nibblers”: Anon., Anti-Midas: A Jubilee Preservative from Unclassical, Ignorant, False, and Invidious Criticism (London, 1769), 3.
73“little critics that shall carp”: James Boaden, ed., The Private Correspondence of David Garrick (London, 1831), 1:263.
73“Was the Roman Conqueror”: Isaac Bickerstaff, Judith, A Sacred Drama: As Performed in the Church of Stratford upon Avon, on Occasion of the Jubilee Held There, September 6, 1769, in Honour of the Memory of Shakespeare (London, 1769), ii.
74Doge’s palace in Venice: Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, A Picture of England: Containing a Description of the Laws, Customs, and Manners of England (Dublin, 1791), 40.
74“the contemptible and indecent attacks”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, August 16, 1769.
74“At length, as sunk in”: Public Advertiser, August 5, 1769.
75“was fun to vex”: Garrick, Letters, 2:679.
75manufactured the controversy: David Williams, A letter to David Garrick, Esq. On His Conduct as Principal Manager and Actor at Drury-Lane (London, 1778), 3–4.
75“I am so busy”: David Garrick to William Hunt, August 27, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
75“the precipitancy of his temper”: Thomas Davies, Memoirs of the Life of David Garrick (London, 1784), 1:77–78.
76“Why should not there be taken”: David Garrick to William Hunt, August 15, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
76“I am unable to learn how Oratorios”: Public Advertiser, August 23, 1769.
76“If I come off with only a fever”: Garrick to Hunt, August 27, 1769.
76“works like a dragon”: Garrick, Letters, 2:651.
76“met with much approbation”: Garrick to Hunt, August 27, 1769.
78“marking genius”: Theatrical Monitor, October 24, 1767.
79“Your mouth has no sweetness”: Williams, Letter to David Garrick, 26.
79“whispering gallery”: William Cooke, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, Comedian. With the Dramatic Characters, Manners, Anecdotes etc. of the Age in Which He Lived, 2nd ed. (London, 1806), 140.
79“more affected by any pleasantry”: Archenholz, Picture of England, 169. See also Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland and The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, ed. Peter Levi (London: Penguin, 1984), 325.
79“Another man has his dram and is satisfied”: James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell with David Garrick, Edmund Burke, Edmond Malone, ed. George M. Kahrl, Rachel McClellan, Thomas W. Copeland, James M. Osborn, and Peter S. Baker (London: Heinemann, 1986), 11.
80“Admittance, is frequently more difficult”: Theophilus Cibber, Cibber’s Two Dissertations on the Theatres, with an Appendix, in Three Parts (London, [1757?]), 29.
80“privilege reserved only for the happy few”: Oliver Goldsmith, An Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe (London, 1759), 173.
80“on the rack of ridicule”: Williams, Letter to David Garrick, 9.
80happened to be tall: See Cibber, Two Dissertations, 38; Joseph Haslewood, The Secret History of the Green Room (London, 1795), 1:66.
80“is fond of sidling up to me”: Quoted in Ian McIntyre, Garrick (Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1999), 304.
80“the most insignificant person”: Cooke, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, 246.
80“anxiety for his fame”: Arthur Murphy, The Life of David Garrick, Esq. (Dublin, 1801), 214.
81“the revival of expiring”: Cooke, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, 244; see also James Boaden, The Memoirs of Mrs. Siddons, Interspersed with Anecdotes of Authors and Actors (Philadelphia, 1837), 374; see also Thaddeus Fitzpatrick, An Enquiry into the Real Merit of a Certain Popular Performer (London, 1760).
81the custom of taking half-price admissions: See Gillian Russell, “ ‘Keeping Place’: Servants, Theater and Sociability in Mid-Eighteenth Century Britain,” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 42, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 1–18.
81“Whatever notions modern performers”: Thaddeus Fitzpatrick, A Dialogue in the Green-Room upon a Disturbance in the Pit (London, 1763), 6.
82“As Englishmen, it is our duty”: Ibid., 1.
82“In less than an hour”: Giacomo Casanova, The Memoirs of Jacques Casanova de Seingalt, the Prince of Adventurers (London: Chapman and Hall, 1902), 2:156–57.
82“Knees, knees!”: Anon., An Historical and Succinct Account of the Late Riots at the Theatres of Drury Lane and Covent Garden (London, 1763), 19.
83“Fitzp——k was my foe”: “Garrick’s Epitaph Written by Himself in a Fit of Sickness at Munich in Bavaria,” Folger Digital Image Collection, Y.d.120 (26). See also Garrick, Letters, 2:425.
83“Knight of ye Woefull Countenance”: Garrick, Letters, 2:425.
83Garrick lost a significant amount: See ibid., 2:429.
83“I have at present lost all taste”: Ibid., 2:430.
83“to the world the uprightness”: Theatrical Monitor, December, 19, 1767.
84“If we weigh his merits”: Ibid., November 7, 1767.
84“GARRICK, attend!”: Ibid., February 6, 1768.
84An average season at Drury Lane: See George Winchester Stone Jr. and George M. Kahrl, David Garrick: A Critical Biography (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Feffer and Simons, 1979), 659–60.
87thirty-two pounders: Robert Bell Wheler, History and Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon (London, [1806?]), 168.
Chapter 6
84“We know that each Apartment”: Public Advertiser, August 23, 1769.
88“The Britannic artist”: Philip H. Highfill, Kalman A. Burnim, and Edward A. Langhans, eds., A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1973), 3:338–41.
89the drunken African servant Mungo: See Julie A. Carlson, “New Lows in Eighteenth-Century Theater: The Rise of Mungo,” European Romantic Review 18, no. 2 (2007): 139–47.
89around £1500 each: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:71.
89“The circumstance followed me”: Ibid., 1:72.
89“pecuniary obligations”: Ibid., 1:78.
89“The ostensible motive”: Ibid., 1:74.
90“and to the astonishment of GARRICK”: Ibid., 1:80.
91“Let Beauty with the sun arise”: David Garrick, “The Morning Address to the Ladies,” in Shakespeare’s Garland, Being a Collection of New Songs, Ballads, Roundelays, Catches, Glees, Comic-Serenatas, etc., Performed at the Jubilee at Stratford upon Avon (London, 1769), 1.
91“I knew what credit to give”: Dibdin, Professional Life, 1:81.
91Duchess of Devonshire: See St. James Chronicle, September 9, 1769.
91“Ye Warwickshire lads”: David Garrick, “Warwickshire: A Song,” in Shakespeare’s Garland, 2–4.
94“an instrument of Nature”: Alexander Pope, “The Preface of the Editor,” in William Shakespeare, The Works of Shakespear in Six Volumes, Collated and Corrected by the Former Editions, By Mr. Pope, ed. Alexander Pope, (London, 1725), 1:ii.
94They beat a reveille: Public Advertiser, September 2, 1769.
94“you, who have done the memory”: Wheler, History and Antiquities, 170–71.
96the cannon fired: Ibid., 171.
96“When Learning’s Triumph o’er her barb’rous Foes”: Samuel Johnson, Prologue and Epilogue, Spoken at the Opening of the Theatre in Drury-Lane 1747 (London, 1747), 2–3.
97“the whimsical advertisement”: James Boswell, Life of Johnson (Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 2008), 402.
97Shrewsbury races: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 3:1355.
97“all the inns and roads”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p. 37, British Library.
98“Shakespeare’s Road”: Public Advertiser, August 18, 1769.
98no room for mooring: Christian Deelman, The Great Shakespeare Jubilee (New York: Viking, 1964), 170.
99“no more shall be taken”: Garrick, Letters, 3:1353.
99“An innkeeper . . . was kind enough”: R. B. Wheler, Jubilee Album, ER1/14, p. 61, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
100“Neglected by the waiters”: Whitehall Evening Post, September 7–9, 1769.
100“for parlour, for kitchen, for hall”: London Evening Post, September 16, 1769.
100“the then appearance of the company”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 13, verso.
100“the Ruins of St. Giles”: Whitehall Evening Post, September 7–9, 1769.
101“Smart beaux”: Francis Gentleman, Scrub’s Trip to the Jubilee: A New Comedy of Two Acts (London, 1769), 5.
101“a new Species of Bacchanalian Revelling”: Anon., Garrick’s Vagary: Or, England Run Mad. With Particulars of the Stratford Jubilee (London, 1769), 7.
101“a plot of the Jews and Papishes”: David Garrick, The Jubilee, in The Plays of David Garrick: A Complete Collection of the Social Satires, French Adaptations, Pantomimes, Christmas and Musical Plays, Preludes, Interludes, and Burlesques, ed. Harry William Pedicord and Fredrick Louis Bergmann (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980), 2:104.
101The bill had been so unpopular: See Paul Langford, A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727–1783 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989), 224–25.
102“the resurrection of Shakespeare”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, 1769, 422.
103“Why to drive all us poor folks”: Garrick, The Jubilee, 2:104.
103“the enormous increase of Papists and Popery”: Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser, September, 28, 1769.
Chapter 7
104“its name was Boswell”: Quoted in Frederick A. Pottle, James Boswell: The Earlier Years, 1740–1769 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985), 121.
105“you labored hard . . . before fair lady”: James Boswell, Boswell in Holland, 1763–1764, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952), 39, 32, 38, 44.
105the best kinds of breeches: Ibid., 59.
105“too foolishly and too freely”: Ibid., 56.
105“to be read over frequently”: Ibid., 387.
105“Your great loss is too much”: Ibid., 389.
106“O great philosopher”: James Boswell, Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953), 251.
106“Your great difficulty”: Ibid., 252–53.
107“gently along her yellow locks”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 276.
107“Such crowds had passed”: Ibid., 279.
108“partly by threatenings”: Ibid., 280.
108“a tolerable old-fashioned room”: Ibid.
108“a clergyman in disguise”: Ibid.
109“drawing from its sheath”: Isaac Bickerstaff, Judith, A Sacred Drama: As Performed in the Church of Stratford upon Avon, on occasion of the Jubilee Held There, September 6, 1769, in Honour of the Memory of Shakespeare (London, 1769).
109with whom Garrick had a difficult relationship: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 1:369.
110“so young and so blooming”: Ibid., 1:361.
110“some parts of it were exceedingly fine”: John Wesley, The Journal of the Rev. John Wesley (London, 1827), 3:155.
110“The choruses were almost as meagre”: Joseph Cradock, Literary and Miscellaneous Memoirs (London, 1828), 216.
110“that prayers had not been read”: Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
111Garrick led the guests out through: Robert Bell Wheler, History and Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon (London, [1806?]), 172.
111“From whom all care, and sorrow fly”: David Garrick, “Chorus from the Church,” in Shakespeare’s Garland, Being a Collection of New Songs, Ballads, Roundelays, Catches, Glees, Comic-Serenatas, etc., Performed at the Jubilee at Stratford upon Avon (London, 1769), 14.
111“the Joy and the Satisfaction”: Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
112Garrick’s rotunda was only twenty feet: Wheler, History and Antiquities, 167n.
112“It would make a lover”: Ibid., 168.
113Mrs. Love was at least twenty years: Pottle, Boswell: The Earlier Years, 77.
113“a most agreeable little woman”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 281.
113“Wenches!”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p. 37, British Library.
114“all ye Beauties at ye Jubilee”: Garrick, Letters, 3:658.
114“last Night, the fat Landlady”: Public Advertiser, September 2, 1769.
114“very good young Lady”: Richard Peters to William Hunt, September 3, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
114“Miss Tripsy expecting that Stratford will prove”: Francis Gentleman, Scrub’s Trip to the Jubilee: A New Comedy of Two Acts (London, 1769), 6.
115“one admired her person”: Joseph Haslewood, The Secret History of the Green Room (London, 1795), 1:205.
115“Yet of such gifts”: Hugh Kelly, Thespis: Or, a Critical Examination into the Merits of all the Principal Performers Belonging to Drury-Lane Theatre (London, 1766), 32.
116“committed an act that deterred her”: Elizabeth Steele, The Memoirs of Mrs. Sophia Baddeley, Late of Drury Lane Theatre (London, 1787), 1:10.
117“GARRICK the body”: Anon, Anti-Thespis: or, A Vindication of the Principal Performers at Drury-Lane Theatre (London, 1767), 4.
118“Behold this fair goblet”: Garrick, Shakespeare’s Garland, 7.
118“a good person, moderate beauty”: Horace Walpole, Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Third, 4 vols. (London, 1845), 4:164.
119“steadfastly at that beautiful, insinuating creature”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 281.
119“What I feared was love”: Ibid.
120“I recollected my former inconstancy”: Ibid., 281–82.
120“Already in climbing trees”: Quoted in Pottle, Boswell: The Earlier Years, 30.
121“In my mind, there cannot be higher felicity”: James Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal: 1762–1763, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950), 84.
121“humane, polite, generous”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 121.
121“curious young pretty”: Pottle, Boswell: The Earlier Years, 76.
121“rogered Φ forenoon, and P afternoon”: Ibid., 85.
121died at the age of fifteen months: James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell and John Johnston of Grange, ed. Ralph S. Walker (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), 103.
122“This is a damned difficult case”: Boswell, London Journal, 178.
122infection free for the next three years: See James Boswell, The Correspondence of James Boswell and William Johnson Temple, 1756–1795, ed. Thomas Crawford (Edinburgh/New Haven: Edinburgh University Press/Yale University Press, 1997), 168.
122“from the splendid Madam”: Boswell, London Journal, 84.
122sex with Nanny Baker: Ibid., 236–37.
122“a little girl into a court”: Ibid., 240–41.
122“a little heat in the members”: Ibid., 149.
122“gleet”: Ibid., 178.
122“Thus ended my intrigue”: Ibid., 161.
123he lost the wager: Boswell, Correspondence of Boswell and Temple, 168.
123The book was not sufficient: Boswell, London Journal, 165.
123“implements of safety”: Dan Cruickshank, The Secret History of London: How the Wages of Sin Shaped the Capital (London: Random House, 2009), 212.
123“a fresh, agreeable young girl”: Boswell, London Journal, 262.
123“Since my being honored”: Ibid., 305 and 305n3.
124“I should like to have thirty women”: Boswell, Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 253–54.
124“If you want to be a wolf”: Ibid., 253.
124“a hardy and vigorous lover”: Ibid., 278.
124“like a bad rider galloping downhill”: Ibid.
Chapter 8
125“testifying their reverence for the great Father”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p.13, recto, British Library.
126“a fungus attached to an oak”: William Kenrick, A Review of Doctor Johnson’s New Edition of Shakespeare, in Which the Ignorance, or Inattention of That Editor is Exposed (London, 1765), v.
126lodged at the Bear Inn: See Christian Deelman, The Great Shakespeare Jubilee (New York: Viking, 1964), 178–79.
126“The whole art of acting”: James Thomas Kirkman, Memoirs of the Life of Charles Macklin, Esq, Compiled from his Own Papers and Memorandums (London, 1799), 1:248–49.
126Garrick had conspired to have him fired: Joseph Haslewood, The Secret History of the Green Room (London, 1795), 1:62.
126“intractable, unreasonable Obstinacy”: Charles Macklin, Mr. Macklin’s Reply to Mr. Garrick’s Answer: To which are Prefix’d, All the Papers, Which Have Publickly Appeared, in Regard to this Important Dispute (London, 1743), 12.
126“banditti”: Haslewood, Secret History, 1:64.
126“bitterest enemy”: William Cooke, Memoirs of Charles Macklin, Comedian, With the Dramatic Characters, Manners, Anecdotes etc. of the Age in Which He Lived, 2nd ed. (London, 1806), 97.
127“extraordinary powers of entertainment”: Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland and The Journal of a Tour of the Hebrides, ed. Peter Levi (London: Penguin, 1984), 403.
127employing life-size puppets: Arthur H. Scouten, The London Stage, 1729–1947: A Critical Introduction (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Ferrer and Simons, 1968), lvii–lix.
127amputated above the knee: See Ian Kelly, Mr. Foote’s Other Leg: Comedy, Tragedy and Murder in Georgian London (London: Picador, 2012), 222–33.
128“It has cost me above fourteen pounds”: Whitehall Evening Post, September 7–9, 1769.
129“for nothing more than having it”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 24.
129“I’ll give you a crown”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 13.
129“Long life to your honour”: Whitehall Evening Post, September 7–9, 1769.
129“instance of conscience”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 24, verso.
130“of Stand-dishes, Tea-chests”: Benjamin Victor, The History of the Theatres of London from the Year 1760 to the Present Times (London, 1771), 203.
131“ten or a dozen skulls, at least”: Henry Angelo, The Reminiscences of Henry Angelo (New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969), 1:34. So profitable and well stocked was the mulberry market that any relic eventually became suspicious, to the extent that Thomas Sharp had to defend the integrity of his business on his deathbed, signing an affidavit attesting to the authenticity of his mulberry products in 1799. See Deelman, Great Shakespeare Jubilee, 52.
132“Had the keepers of my dungeon”: John Solas Dodd, Essays and Poems, Satirical, Moral, Political, and Entertaining (Cork, 1770), 255.
132“a very summary Account”: Public Advertiser, July 12, 1769.
133“the withered Mulberry began to move”: Ibid., July 7, 1769.
134“among mice-gnawn records”: Dodd, Essays and Poems, 252.
134a religious jubilee for all Catholics: See Anon., Instructions for Gaining the Jubilee Granted by His Holiness Pope Clement XIV. Soon after his election, which was on the 4th of June, 1769 (Dublin, 1770).
134“Saint Mulberry’s Priest”: Anon., An Essay on the Jubilee at Stratford-Upon-Avon (London, [1769]), 8.
135“the low Circumstances of Shakespeare”: Victor, History of the Theatres, 207.
136“could not part with them”: Quoted in Melanie Doderer-Winkler, Magnificent Entertainments: Temporary Architecture for Georgian Festivals (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), 33.
136“It was fairyland”: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:76–77.
136“All is Joy and Festivity here”: St. James Chronicle, September 5–7, 1769.
137“Notwithstanding the prodigious benefit”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 24, recto.
137“I told her that perhaps”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 282.
Chapter 9
138“What an absurd climate!”: Henry Angelo, The Reminiscences of Henry Angelo (New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969), 1:36.
138“a super-abundance of water”: Ibid., 1:48.
138“the greatest Plenty of Apples”: St. James Chronicle, June 1, 1769.
139“’tis God’s revenge against Vanity!”: Antijubileana, Saunders Papers (1769), ER1/83/4, n.p., Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
139“some capital part of it in Action”: David Garrick, The Jubilee, in The Plays of David Garrick: A Complete Collection of the Social Satires, French Adaptations, Pantomines, Christmas and Music Plays, Preludes, Interludes, and Burlesques, ed. Harry William Pedicord and Fredrick Louis Bergmann (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980), 2:116n.
140Fluellen forcing Pistol to eat a leek: Ibid., 2:119n63.
140“who the devil, Davy”: Angelo, Reminiscences, 1:48.
140“the deepest of all politicians”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 1:172, 146.
140“There is a rank viciousness”: Ibid., 2:427, 618, 622. Garrick also forwent his own benefit nights, the end-of-season evenings where established members of the company would pocket the entirety of the takings on the door.
141“I am quite Sick of his Conduct”: Ibid., 1:189.
141“never forgive my being the means”: Ibid., 2:449.
142“from the corner of his mouth”: Joseph Cradock, Literary and Miscellaneous Memoirs (London, 1828), 1:217.
142“remains of our famous relation”: Garrick, Letters, 1:353.
143“confused or intimidated”: Warwickshire Journal, September 14, 1769.
144“Pious ears were offended”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
145“the dullest part of Musick”: Garrick, Letters, 2:653.
145“had so great Effect”: Benjamin Victor, The History of the Theatres of London from the Year 1760 to the Present Times (London, 1771), 216.
145“His eyes sparkled”: [James Boswell], The London Magazine, September 1769, 452.
145“Powers and Tone of Voice”: Warwickshire Journal, September 14, 1769.
147“Such is ye Power of Shakespeare”: Garrick, Letters, 2:671.
149“deserved the thunder of applause”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
149“for which after the Performance”: Garrick, Letters, 2:651.
150“Mr. Garrick that he had affected”: Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
150“When I saw the Statue of Shakespeare”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
150“The whole audience were fixed”: [James Boswell], Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
151distill the substance of Shakespeare: See Vanessa Cunningham, Shakespeare and Garrick (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 107–9.
152“I must say that his ode”: [Boswell], Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
152“What the critics may say”: Ibid.
152“the Ode in itself will not bear reading”: Warwickshire Journal, September 14, 1769.
152“I have blushed”: Horace Walpole, The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Oxford, ed. Paget Toynbee (Oxford: Clarendon, 1904), 7:325.
153“foolish business against a very foolish man”: Garrick, Letters, 2:673.
153“My indignation is at length”: Anon., Anti-Midas: A Jubilee Preservative From Unclassical, Ignorant, False and Invidious Criticism (London, 1769), 33.
153“superior to Criticism”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
153“not only without sense or poetry”: The London Museum, 1770, 48.
153“I would not pay them so ill”: Quoted in Victor, History of the Theatres, 219.
154“for or against Shakespeare”: Ibid., 219–20.
154“to be moved at nothing”: Ibid., 221.
155“a Trap laid on Purpose”: [Boswell], Public Advertiser, September 16, 1769.
155“I could wish that that part”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
155“If GARRICK felt all this extacy”: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:77.
Chapter 10
156“an entertainment at least as good”: James Boaden, ed., The Private Correspondence of David Garrick (London, 1831), 1:332.
156Three separate dishes could be made: “This is the most proper method of dressing this fish in any part of the Indies, or in England, approved by the best and most experienced cooks who undertake to dress them.” Anon., The British Jewel; or Complete Housewife’s Best Companion (London, [1785?]), 116–17.
157“to gratify ostentatious pride”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 15–18, 1769.
157“a war-like appearance”: The London Magazine, September 1769, 455.
158“When I looked at myself”: James Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife: 1766–1769, ed. Frank Brady and Frederick A. Pottle (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), 278.
159“The rockets would not ascend”: Henry Angelo, The Reminiscences of Henry Angelo (New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969), 1:37.
160“The astonishing contrast”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p. 24, British Library.
160“anti-patriotic Coterie”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, May 18–21, 1770.
161“Dresses of the meanest sort”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, p. 24, recto.
161“An ear of wheat”: The Gentleman’s Magazine, September 1769, 423.
161One man from London: John Solas Dodd, Essays and Poems, Satirical, Moral, Political, and Entertaining (Cork, 1770), 276.
161“So completely was the ‘wet blanket’ spread”: Angelo, Reminiscences, 1:37.
161“many of the Belle Espirits were present”: R. B. Wheler, Jubilee Album, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, ER1/14, p. 102 recto.
162“why do you not come and sweep my chimney”: Ibid.
162“that the enemies to tyranny”: Dodd, Essays and Poems, 275.
162“one of the most remarkable masks”: [James Boswell], The London Magazine, September 1769, 455.
162“not one thing appeared as it really was”: Dodd, Essays and Poems, 276.
164“Let me plead for Liberty distrest”: The London Magazine, September 1769, 455.
165“No delay could be admitted”: Joseph Cradock, Literary and Miscellaneous Memoirs (London, 1828), 1:218.
165“a very deep mirey Dyke”: Quoted in Christian Deelman, The Great Shakespeare Jubilee (New York: Viking, 1964), 252.
165“We did not get home”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 283.
166“I pleased myself with a variety”: Ibid.
166“I don’t know how many times over”: Ibid.
166“We were like a crowd in a theatre”: [James Boswell], St. James Chronicle, September 9–12, 1769.
166“It is fine to have such a character”: Boswell, Boswell in Search of a Wife, 284.
167“Come, come, that won’t do”: Ibid.
167“the principal Part of the Company”: St. James Chronicle, September 9–12, 1769.
168“he knew very little about Plays”: Quoted in Deelman, Great Shakespeare Jubilee, 256.
168“Taking the whole of this jubilee”: The London Magazine, September 1769, 454.
Chapter 11
169“It appears remarkably well defined”: Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser, September 12, 1769.
169“swiftness of a cannon ball”: London Chronicle, September 19–21, 1769.
169“That you may not think I complain without reason”: Town and Country Magazine, September 1769, 477.
170“Tell ’em you have been at the Jubilee”: Lloyd’s Evening Post, September 11–13, 1769.
170“even in these times of distress”: British Library Jubilee Scrapbook, General Reference Collection, C.61.e.2, p. 24, British Library.
171The Dedication Ode was reprinted: Vanessa Cunningham, Shakespeare and Garrick (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 195n16.
171The supporters of John Wilkes: Anon., The Patriot’s Jubilee, Being Songs Proper to be Sung on Wednesday, the 18th of April, 1770 (n.p., 1770).
171“we should have returned to town”: Quoted in George Winchester Stone Jr. and George M. Kahrl, David Garrick: A Critical Biography (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press/Feffer and Simons, 1979), 583.
171“served as a veil to cover”: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:74.
171“our most sincere and grateful Thanks”: ALS, William Hunt to David Garrick, September 26, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
172“Let ’em decorate ye Town”: David Garrick to William Hunt, Friday [?] 8, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
173“A jubilee is a public invitation”: Town and Country Magazine, September 1769, 477.
173“cock a doodle doo”: William Cooke, Memoirs of Samuel Foote, Esq, with a Collection of His Bon-Mots, Anecdotes, Opinions, Etc., Mostly Original, and Three of His Dramatic Pieces Not Published in His Works (London, 1805), 1:166.
173dreadful retaliations: Ibid., 1:169.
173“Oh no—not much above the size of Garrick”: Ibid., 2:58.
174“as much applause as his heart could desire”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 2:666; see also Philip H. Highfill, Kalman A. Burnim, and Edward A. Langhans, eds., A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1973), pt. 4, 3:1425.
175“an absolute dead march”: Town and Country Magazine, October 1769, 547.
176“the most Superb” performance: Quoted in Ian McIntyre, Garrick (Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1999), 439.
176“This was a real apotheosis”: Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, A Picture of England: Containing a Description of the Laws, Customs and Manners of England (Dublin, 1791), 238.
177“the real royalty”: James Boswell, “On the Profession of a Player,” essay I, The London Magazine, August 1770, 397.
177“enlightened and philosophical spectators”: Ibid.
177“A large part of the audience”: Quoted in Joseph Roach, “Celebrity Culture and the Problem of Biography,” Shakespeare Quarterly 65, no. 4 (Winter 2014): 471–72.
177“Sacred to Shakespeare was this spot”: Quoted in Cunningham, Shakespeare and Garrick, 5.
178“objects of meditation”: Charles Lamb, “On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, Considered with Reference to Their Fitness for Stage Representation,” in English Critical Essays: Nineteenth Century, ed. Edmund D. Jones (London: Oxford University Press, 1921), 2:109.
179three new magazines had opened: John Money, Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1800 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1977), 123.
180“it has been carefully handed down”: See Nicola J. Watson, The Literary Tourist (Basingstoke, Eng.: Palgrave, 2006), 62.
Epilogue
181“It is no wonder that he should endeavour”: Anon., Anti-Midas: A Jubilee Preservative From Unclassical, Ignorant, False, and Invidious Criticism (London, 1769), 24.
181“Walls, Windows and Deficiencies”: Rev. John Fullerton to William Hunt, November 10, 1769, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
182“I am sorry that my Brother”: David Garrick, The Letters of David Garrick, ed. David M. Little and George M. Kahrl (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 2:667.
182“I shou’d be sorry to hurry”: ALS, William Hunt to Garrick, November 8, 1770, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
182“these words from you have hurt me”: Garrick, Letters, 2:721–22.
183“Mr G Garrick’s Hints”: ALS, William Hunt to David Garrick, November 21, 1770, Jubilee Correspondence, Saunders Papers, ER1/83/1, Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
186“Not at all. DAVID wanted him”: Charles Dibdin, The Professional Life of Mr. Dibdin (London, 1803), 1:98n.
187“I now kiss the invaluable relics”: William Henry Ireland, Confessions (London, 1805), 96.