Index

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Symbols and Numerics

• > (greater than), 74
• > (greater than or equal to), 74
• < (less than), 74
• < (less than or equal to), 74

• % sign, 52

• | | symbol, 42

• + (plus sign), 41–42

A

• absolute value, 42
• acute angle, 91
• adding
  • decimals, 53
  • fractions, 49–50
  • in GEMDAS acronym, 57
  • integers, 42
  • undoing, 69–70
• adjectives, 195–196, 208
• admission ticket, 17
• adverbs, 195–197
• affect/effect, 212
• afterthought clause, 207
• algebra. See also Mathematics subtest
  • about, 63
  • answers and explanations, 84–85
  • equations, 68–74
  • factoring in, 77–79
  • inequalities, 74–77
  • practice questions, 83
  • reasoning, 81–82
  • relational patterns, 81
  • variables, 63–68
  • word problems, 79–81
• Algebra section (Mathematics subtest), 9
• alike shapes, 97–99
• alternate exterior angles, 92
• alternate interior angles, 92
• analyzing data, 125–130
• anecdotes, adding to essays, 183
• angle measure, degrees of, 90–91
• angle relationships, 91–92
• angles
  • about, 89–90
  • acute, 91
  • alternate exterior, 92
  • alternate interior, 92
  • complementary, 91, 411
  • consecutive, 92
  • corresponding, 92
  • interior, 93
  • naming, 90–91
  • obtuse, 91
  • same-side interior, 92
  • straight, 91
  • supplementary, 91, 411
• answer keys
  • Practice Exam 1, 322–323
  • Practice Exam 2, 405–406
• answer sheets
  • Practice Exam 1, 235
  • Practice Exam 2, 327
• answers and explanations
  • avoiding wrong answers, 141–142
  • changing answers, 414
  • eliminating choices for answers, 139–140, 174, 226
  • narrowing down answers, 139–142
  • overanswering, 418
  • patterns in answers, 413–414
  • Practice Exam 1
    • argumentative essay, 299–300
    • Mathematics subtest, 302–321
    • Reading subtest, 273–289
    • source-based essay, 301–302
    • Writing subtest, 289–299
  • Practice Exam 2
    • argumentative essay, 390
    • Mathematics subtest, 392–404
    • Reading subtest, 363–379
    • source-based essay, 391
    • Writing subtest, 380–389
  • practice questions
    • algebra, 84–85
    • geometry, 114
    • grammar, 217–220
    • numbers, 62
    • probability and statistics, 134
    • quantity, 62
    • reading subtest, 165–168
  • Pre-assessment
    • about, 28
    • Mathematics subtest, 33–35
    • Reading subtest, 28–31
    • Writing subtest, 31–33
• antecedent, 198
• apostrophes, 209, 211–212
• appositives, 207
• approximation, 137
• area, 101–102, 410
• argumentation/support, 154
• argumentative essays
  • about, 181, 227
  • answers and explanations
    • Practice Exam 1, 299–300
    • Practice Exam 2, 390
  • prompts
    • about, 185
    • Practice Exam 1, 260
    • Practice Exam 2, 350
• author's tone/intent, 151–152
• average, 126

B

• bar graphs, 117–118
• books, 17
• box-and-whisker plots, 121–122
• budgeting
  • study time, 14–15
  • time for taking test, 15–16

C

• cake method, 43
• calculating, in your head, 137–138
• calculators, 137
• capitalization, 213
• cell phone, 17
• center, of circles, 96
• central tendency, 125
• charts, 159, 173
• circles
  • about, 96–97
  • area of, 102
  • circumference, 100–101, 410
• circumference, 100–101, 410
• citing sources, 181, 182
• clauses
  • about, 203
  • dependent, 204
  • independent, 203–204, 206
  • interrupting, 207–208
  • introductory, 206–207
  • modifying, 209
  • which, 208
• clothing, 17
• coefficient, 64
• combining
  • like terms, 64–65
  • shapes, 103–105
• comma splices, 205
• commas, 206–208
• common denominators, 49, 411
• comparison, 125
• complementary angles, 91, 411
• compliment/complement, 130–131, 212
• computer testing, 17
• conclusion, in essays, 181
• conditional statements, 81–82
• congruence, 90
• congruent shapes, 97–98
• conjunctions, 201
• consecutive angles, 92
• constructed-response questions (Mathematical subtest), 142–144
• converting
  • between decimals and percents, 52–53
  • between fractions and mixed numbers, 48–49
  • units of measurement, 59–60
• convex polygons, 93
• coordinate pairs, naming, 105–106
• coordinate plane, xy
  • about, 105
  • distance formula, 107
  • identifying linear equations, 106–107
  • intersecting graphs, 107–108
  • midpoint formula, 107
  • naming coordinate pairs, 105–106
  • transforming figures, 108–110
• coordinates, 54
• correlation, 124
• corresponding angles, 92
• Craft, structure, and language skills section (Reading subtest), 8
• creating
  • essays, 180–182
  • schedules, 14–15
• cross-out method, 126
• cube, 103

D

• dangling participles, 209
• data. See also probability and statistics
  • analyzing, 126–128
  • defined, 115–116
• Data interpretation, statistics, and probability section (Mathematics subtest), 9
• decimal number. See decimals
• decimal point. See decimals
• decimals
  • about, 52
  • adding, 53
  • common errors with, 410
  • converting between percents and, 52–53
  • dividing, 53–54
  • multiplying, 53
  • subtracting, 53
• degrees of angle measure, 90–91
• denominator, 47
• dependent clause, 204
• diameter, of circles, 97, 100
• dictionaries, 17
• different, compared with wrong, 415
• dimensional analysis, 59
• direct variation, 81
• distance, 58–59
• distance formula, 81, 107
• dividing
  • decimals, 53–54
  • expressions, 67
  • fractions, 50–51
  • in GEMDAS acronym, 57
  • undoing, 70
• divisibility rules, 44
• divisors, 43
• double negatives, 210–211

E

• effect/affect, 212
• electronic devices, 17
• eliminating answer choices, 139–140, 174, 226
• elimination, process of, 16
• elimination method, 72–73
• English system, 58–59
• equations
  • about, 68
  • linear, 106–107
  • multistep, 70–71
  • proportions, 71–72
  • quadratic, 78–79
  • solving
    • about, 136–137
    • for variables in terms of other variables, 74
    • for x, 68–69
  • systems of, 72–73
  • undoing
    • addition/subtraction, 69–70
    • multiplication/division, 70
• equilateral triangle, 112
• errors, avoiding, 143–144
• essays. See also Writing subtest
  • about, 179
  • adding anecdotes, 183
  • argumentative, 181, 185, 227
  • creating, 180–182
  • evaluating, 188–189
  • factual, 180
  • improving, 183–184
  • informative/explanatory, 185–186, 227
  • mastering, 227–229
  • outlines for, 181, 228
  • painting pictures with words, 183–184
  • persuasive, 180
  • practice prompts, 185–186
  • practicing, 229
  • prompts, 179–180
  • sample, 187–188
  • scoring, 184–185
  • sections of, 181
  • tips for, 416
• estimation, 137
• evaluating
  • essays, 188–189
  • expressions, 67–68
  • results from practicing, 35–37
• events. See probability and statistics
• Exam 1 (Practice)
  • about, 233, 273
  • answer key, 322–323
  • answer sheet, 235
  • argumentative essays
    • answers and explanations, 299–300
    • prompt, 260
  • Mathematics subtest
    • answers and explanations, 302–321
    • questions, 263–272
  • Reading subtest
    • answers and explanations, 273–289
    • questions, 237–252
  • source-based essays
    • answers and explanations, 301–302
    • prompt, 261–262
  • Writing subtest
    • answers and explanations, 289–299
    • questions, 253–259
• Exam 2 (Practice)
  • about, 325, 363
  • answer key, 405–406
  • answer sheet, 327
  • argumentative essays
    • answers and explanations, 390
    • prompt, 350
  • Mathematics subtest
    • answers and explanations, 392–404
    • questions, 352–362
  • Reading subtest
    • answers and explanations, 363–379
    • questions, 329–342
  • source-based essays
    • answer and explanation, 391
    • prompt, 351
  • Writing subtest
    • answers and explanations, 380–389
    • questions, 343–349
• Example icon, 2
• example questions
  • adding fractions, 50
  • angle relationships, 92
  • area, 104
  • box-and-whisker plots, 122
  • circles, 100–101
  • constructed-response, 143
  • converting units of measurement, 59–60
  • data analysis, 126–128
  • decimals, 52–53
  • evaluating expressions, 68
  • exponents, 46
  • factoring terms, 77–78
  • factors, 44
  • finding numbers in sequence, 56
  • fractions, 48
  • grammar, 194, 205
  • graphs, 161
  • integers, 42–43
  • line plots, 125
  • long-passage, 156–158
  • misplaced modifiers, 210
  • mixed numbers, 51
  • multiples of integers, 45
  • multiplying expressions, 66
  • numeration, 54
  • orders of magnitude, 55
  • percents, 52–53
  • place values, 54
  • polygons, 96
  • probability and statistics, 116, 117, 119–121, 122–123, 125–128, 131
  • pronouns, 199–200
  • proportions, 71–72
  • Pythagorean theorem, 111
  • redundancy, 211
  • research skills, 223–224
  • revision-in-context, 225–226
  • scientific notation, 131
  • sentence corrections, 224–225
  • short-passage, 150, 151–152
  • solution steps, 76–77
  • solving equations, 136
  • square roots, 46–47
  • subtracting fractions, 50
  • test-taking strategies, 139, 140, 141–142
  • triangles, 94
  • usage, 223
  • using order of operations within itself, 57
  • Venn diagrams, 123
  • vocabulary, 152
  • word problems, 60
• experiment, 130
• explanations and answers
  • avoiding wrong answers, 141–142
  • changing answers, 414
  • eliminating choices for answers, 139–140, 174, 226
  • narrowing down answers, 139–142
  • overanswering, 418
  • patterns in answers, 413–414
  • Practice Exam 1
    • argumentative essay, 299–300
    • Mathematics subtest, 302–321
    • Reading subtest, 273–289
    • source-based essay, 301–302
    • Writing subtest, 289–299
  • Practice Exam 2
    • argumentative essay, 390
    • Mathematics subtest, 392–404
    • Reading subtest, 363–379
    • source-based essay, 391
    • Writing subtest, 380–389
  • practice questions
    • algebra, 84–85
    • geometry, 114
    • grammar, 217–220
    • numbers, 62
    • probability and statistics, 134
    • quantity, 62
    • reading subtest, 165–168
  • Pre-assessment
    • about, 28
    • Mathematics subtest, 33–35
    • Reading subtest, 28–31
    • Writing subtest, 31–33
• exponents, 46–47, 57
• expressions
  • algebraic, 64
  • dividing, 67
  • multiplying, 65–66
  • quadratic, 78–79

F

• face, of rectangles, 102
• factor pair, 43
• factor tree, 43–44
• factors/factoring
  • defined, 43
  • example questions, 44
  • finding of whole numbers, 43–44
  • reverse FOIL, 78–79
  • terms out of bigger terms, 77–78
• factual essay, 180
• farther/further, 212
• final score, 10
• finding. See also solving
  • factors of whole numbers, 43–44
  • greatest common factor, 45–46
  • least common multiple, 45–46
  • multiples of integers, 45
  • numbers in sequence, 56
  • orders of magnitude, 55
  • perimeter, 99–100
  • volume, 102–103
• first person, 198
• FOIL, 66, 78–79
• formulas
  • area, 101–102
  • circumference, 100
  • common errors with, 412
  • diameter, of circles, 100
  • distance, 81, 107
  • geometric, 99–103
  • midpoint, 107
• fractions
  • about, 47
  • adding, 49–50
  • common errors with, 411–412
  • converting between mixed numbers and, 48–49
  • dividing, 50–51
  • improper, 51
  • multiplying, 50
  • simplifying, 47–48
  • subtracting, 49–50
• further/farther, 212
• future perfect tense, 193
• future progressive tense, 193
• future tense, 193

G

• GEMDAS (grouping, exponents, multiplication and division, addition and subtraction), 57
• geometric sequence, 56
• geometry. See also Mathematics subtest
  • about, 87
  • alike shapes, 97–99
  • angle measures, 90–91
  • angle relationships, 91–92
  • answers and explanations, 114
  • building blocks of, 87–90
  • combining shapes, 93–105
  • formulas, 99–103
  • practice questions, 113
  • properties of shapes, 93–97
  • right triangles, 110–112
  • xy coordinate plane, 105–110
• Geometry section (Mathematics subtest), 9
• gerund verbals, 194
• gerunds, 194–195
• grammar. See also Reading subtest; Writing subtest
  • about, 191
  • adjectives, 195–196
  • adverbs, 195–197
  • answers and explanations, 217–220
  • capitalization, 213
  • conjunctions, 201
  • double negatives, 210–211
  • gerunds, 194–195
  • homophones, 211–212
  • misplaced modifiers, 209–210
  • nouns, 192
  • parts of speech, 191–202
  • prepositions, 201–202
  • pronouns, 192, 197–201
  • punctuation, 205–209
  • questions
    • example, 205
    • practice, 214–216
  • redundancy, 210–211
  • sentence structure, 203–205
  • verbs, 192–195
• graphing inequalities, 76
• graphs
  • about, 159–161
  • bar, 117–118
  • box-and-whisker plots, 121–122
  • intersecting, 107–108
  • line, 117–118
  • line plots, 124–125
  • pie charts, 118–119
  • questions about, 173
  • scatter plots, 124
  • stem-and-leaf plots, 119–121
• greater than (>), 74
• greater than or equal to (>), 74
• greatest common factor, 45–46
• group studying, 15
• grouping, exponents, multiplication and division, addition and subtraction (GEMDAS), 57
• Grouping Symbols, in GEMDAS acronym, 57
• guessing, 138, 227

H

• historical eras, 213
• homophones
  • about, 211
  • apostrophe, 211–212
  • spelling, 212

I

• icons, explained, 2
• identifying categories that need more work, 36

• “if” questions, 154–155

• if-then statements, 81–82
• improper fraction, 51
• independent clauses, 203–204, 206
• inequalities
  • about, 74–75
  • graphing, 76
  • solution steps, 76–77
  • solving, 74–77
• infinitive verbals, 193
• informative/explanatory essays, 185–186, 227
• integers
  • about, 41–42
  • adding, 42
  • basic operations with, 42–43
  • example questions, 42–43
  • finding multiples of, 45
  • subtracting, 42
• Integration of knowledge and ideas section (Reading subtest), 9
• intensive pronoun, 200–201
• interior angles, 93
• Internet resources
  • Kirkland Group, 15
  • online practice tests, 3
  • Praxis Core, 13
  • Technical Support (Wiley), 3
• interrogative pronoun, 200
• interrupting clause/phrase, 207–208
• intersecting graphs, 107–108
• intransitive forms, of verbs, 193
• introductory clause/phrase, 206–207
• inverse variation, 81
• irrational number, 137
• isosceles triangle, 112

J

• jargon, 184
• joining independent clauses, 206

K

• Key ideas and details section (Reading subtest), 8
• Kirkland Group (website), 15
• knowledge, outside, 417–418

L

• Language and research skills section (Writing subtest), 9
• laptop, 17
• least common multiple, 45–46
• less than (<), 74
• less than or equal to (<), 74
• like terms
  • combining, 64–65
  • common errors with, 410
• likelihood, 130
• line graphs, 117–118
• line plots, 124–125
• line segment, 88
• linear equations, 106–107
• linear function/models, 129–130
• linear pair, 91
• lines, 88, 106
• lists, separating items in, 208
• long-passage questions
  • about, 153
  • argumentation/support, 154
  • example, 156–158
  • “if” questions, 154–155
  • paraphrase, 153–154
  • purpose, 153–154
  • strategies for, 171–172
• lower quartile, 121–122

M

• magnitude, orders of, 55
• main idea, 149–150
• main subject, identifying, 204
• mastering essays, 227–229
• Mathematics subtest
  • about, 8
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 33–35
    • Practice Exam 1, 302–321
    • Practice Exam 2, 392–404
  • components of, 9
  • errors to avoid in, 409–412
  • questions
    • constructed-response, 142–144
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 25–27
    • Practice Exam 1, 263–272
    • Practice Exam 2, 352–362
    • types of in, 10
  • shortcuts for, 135–139
  • test-taking strategies for, 135–144
  • time limit for, 8
• mean, 126
• measure of central tendency, 125
• measurement, systems of, 58–59
• median, 121–122, 126, 411
• metric system, 58
• middle quartile, 121–122
• midpoint formula, 107
• minimum score, 11
• minus sign (-), 41–42
• misplaced modifiers, 209–210
• mixed numbers
  • about, 47
  • converting between fractions and, 48–49
  • working with, 51
• mode, 126
• modifiers, misplaced, 209–210
• modifying clause, 209
• MP3 player, 17
• multiplying
  • decimals, 53
  • expressions, 65–66
  • fractions, 50
  • in GEMDAS acronym, 57
  • undoing, 70
• multistep equations, 70–71

N

• naming
  • angles, 90–91
  • coordinate pairs, 105–106
• negative numbers, 41–42, 409
• nouns, 192
• Number and quantity section (Mathematics subtest), 9
• number line
  • about, 54
  • finding numbers in sequence, 56
  • finding order of magnitude, 55
  • numeration, 54–55
  • order, 55
  • place values, 54–55
• numbers
  • answers and explanations, 62
  • divisibility rules, 44
  • practice questions, 61
• numeration, 54–55
• numerator, 47

O

• objective pronoun, 198–200
• obtuse angle, 91
• online practice tests, 3
• order
  • of magnitude, 55
  • on number line, 55
  • of operations
    • about, 56
    • GEMDAS, 57
    • using within itself, 57
• outcome, 130
• outlines, for essays, 181, 228
• outside knowledge, 417–418
• overanswering, 418
• overcorrection, 415
• Oxford comma, 208

P

• paired passages, 172–173
• parallel phrasing, 193–194
• parallelograms, 95, 101–102
• paraphrase, 153–154
• participle verbals, 194
• parts of speech, 191–202
• past perfect tense, 193
• past progressive tense, 193
• past tense, 193
• patterns, in answers, 413–414
• pencilling in practice tests, 14–15
• percent decrease, 52
• percent increase, 52
• percents, 52–53
• perimeter
  • common errors with, 410
  • finding, 99–100
• personal items, 17
• personal pronoun, 197
• persuasive essay, 180
• phrases
  • about, 203
  • interrupting, 207–208
  • introductory, 206–207
• pi (π), 100
• picture ID, 17
• pie charts, 118–119
• place values, 54–55
• planes, moving along in space, 88–89
• plural pronoun, 198
• plus sign (+), 41–42
• points, 88
• polygons
  • about, 93
  • example questions, 96
  • three-sided, 93–94
• positive numbers, 41–42
• Practice Exam 1
  • about, 233, 273
  • answer key, 322–323
  • answer sheet, 235
  • argumentative essays
    • answers and explanations, 299–300
    • prompt, 260
  • Mathematics subtest
    • answers and explanations, 302–321
    • questions, 263–272
  • Reading subtest
    • answers and explanations, 273–289
    • questions, 237–252
  • source-based essays
    • answers and explanations, 301–302
    • prompt, 261–262
  • Writing subtest
    • answers and explanations, 289–299
    • questions, 253–259
• Practice Exam 2
  • about, 325, 363
  • answer key, 405–406
  • answer sheet, 327
  • argumentative essays
    • answers and explanations, 390
    • prompt, 350
  • Mathematics subtest
    • answers and explanations, 392–404
    • questions, 352–362
  • Reading subtest
    • answers and explanations, 363–379
    • questions, 329–342
  • source-based essays
    • answer and explanation, 391
    • prompt, 351
  • Writing subtest
    • answers and explanations, 380–389
    • questions, 343–349
• practice questions
  • algebra, 83
  • bar graphs, 117
  • essay prompts, 185–186
  • geometry, 113
  • grammar, 214–216
  • numbers, 61
  • pie charts, 119
  • probability and statistics, 132–133
  • quantity, 61
  • reading subtest, 162–164
  • stem-and-leaf plots, 120–121
  • tables, 116
• practice tests, pencilling in, 14–15
• practicing
  • about, 19
  • assessing results from, 35–37
  • essays, 229
  • Pre-assessment answers, 28–35
  • Pre-assessment questions, 19–27
  • time for on test day, 17
• Praxis Core. See also specific topics
  • components of, 8–10
  • reasons for taking, 7
  • scoring, 10–11
  • topics covered in, 8–9
  • types of questions in, 9–10
  • website, 13
• Praxis I PreProfessional Skills Test. See Praxis Core
• Pre-assessment answers
  • about, 28
  • Mathematics answers and explanations, 33–35
  • Reading answers and explanations, 28–31
  • Writing answers and explanations, 31–33
• Pre-assessment questions
  • about, 19–20
  • Mathematics practice questions, 25–27
  • Reading practice questions, 20–22
  • Writing practice questions, 23–24
• prefix, metric, 58
• prep course, 15
• prepositions, 201–202
• present perfect tense, 193
• present progressive tense, 193
• present tense, 193
• prime factorization, 43
• prime number, 43
• probability and statistics
  • about, 115–116
  • analyzing data, 125–130
  • answers and explanations, 134
  • bar graphs, 117–118
  • box-and-whisker plots, 121–122
  • calculating probability, 130–131
  • example questions, 116, 117, 119–121, 122–123, 125–128, 131
  • line graphs, 117–118
  • line plots, 124–125
  • pie charts, 118–119
  • practice questions, 132–133
  • scatter plots, 124
  • scientific notation, 131
  • stem-and-leaf plots, 119–121
  • symbol for, 130
  • tables, 116
  • Venn diagrams, 123–124
• process of elimination, 16
• Prometric testing site, 13, 17
• prompts
  • for argumentative essays, 185
  • for informative/explanatory essays, 185–186
  • types of, 179–180
• pronouns
  • about, 192, 197–201
  • intensive, 200–201
  • interrogative, 200
  • objective, 198–200
  • reflexive, 200–201
  • relative, 200
  • singular vs. plural, 198
  • subjective, 198–200
  • who/whom, 200
• properties, of shapes, 93–97
• proportions, 71–72
• punctuation
  • about, 206
  • apostrophes, 209
  • commas, 206–208
  • semicolons, 208–209
• purpose, 153–154
• Pythagorean theorem, 111

Q

• quadratic equations, 78–79
• quadratic expressions, 78–79
• quadrilaterals, 95–96
• quantitative-information questions
  • about, 158
  • charts, 159
  • graphs, 159–161
• quantity
  • answers and explanations, 62
  • practice questions, 61
  • systems of measurement, 58–59
• quartiles, 121–122
• questions
  • charts, 173
  • example
    • adding fractions, 50
    • angle relationships, 92
    • area, 104
    • box-and-whisker plots, 122
    • circles, 100–101
    • constructed-response, 143
    • converting units of measurement, 59–60
    • data analysis, 126–128
    • decimals, 52–53
    • evaluating expressions, 68
    • exponents, 46
    • factoring terms, 77–78
    • factors, 44
    • finding numbers in sequence, 56
    • fractions, 48
    • grammar, 194, 205
    • graphs, 161
    • integers, 42–43
    • line plots, 125
    • long-passage, 156–158
    • misplaced modifiers, 210
    • mixed numbers, 51
    • multiples of integers, 45
    • multiplying expressions, 66
    • numeration, 54
    • orders of magnitude, 55
    • percents, 52–53
    • place values, 54
    • polygons, 96
    • probability and statistics, 116, 117, 119–121, 122–123, 125–128, 131
    • pronouns, 199–200
    • proportions, 71–72
    • Pythagorean theorem, 111
    • redundancy, 211
    • research skills, 223–224
    • revision-in-context, 225–226
    • scientific notation, 131
    • sentence corrections, 224–225
    • short-passage, 150, 151–152
    • solution steps, 76–77
    • solving equations, 136
    • square roots, 46–47
    • subtracting fractions, 50
    • test-taking strategies, 139, 140, 141–142
    • triangles, 94
    • usage, 223
    • using order of operations within itself, 57
    • Venn diagrams, 123
    • vocabulary, 152
    • word problems, 60
  • graphs, 173
  • long-passage
    • about, 153
    • argumentation/support, 154
    • example, 156–158
    • “if” questions, 154–155
    • paraphrase, 153–154
    • purpose, 153–154
    • strategies for, 171–172
  • Mathematics subtest
    • constructed-response, 142–144
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 25–27
    • Practice Exam 1, 263–272
    • Practice Exam 2, 352–362
    • types of in, 10
  • number of in each subtest, 8
  • practice
    • algebra, 83
    • bar graphs, 117
    • essay prompts, 185–186
    • geometry, 113
    • grammar, 214–216
    • numbers, 61
    • pie charts, 119
    • probability and statistics, 132–133
    • quantity, 61
    • reading subtest, 162–164
    • stem-and-leaf plots, 120–121
    • tables, 116
  • Pre-assessment
    • about, 19–20
    • Mathematics subtest, 25–27
    • Reading subtest, 20–22
    • Writing subtest, 23–24
  • quantitative-information
    • about, 158
    • charts, 159
    • graphs, 159–161
  • Reading subtest
    • long-passage, 153–158, 171–172
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 20–22, 162–164
    • Practice Exam 1, 237–252
    • Practice Exam 2, 329–342
    • quantitative-information, 158–161
    • short-passage, 149–153, 171–172
    • types of in, 9–10
    • visual-information, 158–161
  • selected-response writing
    • about, 221–226
    • identifying and correcting errors in, 226–227
  • short-passage
    • about, 149
    • author's tone/intent, 151–152
    • main idea, 149–150
    • strategies for, 171–172
    • vocabulary, 152–153
  • types of, 9–10
  • visual-information
    • about, 158
    • charts, 159
    • graphs, 159–161
  • Writing subtest
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 23–24
    • Practice Exam 1, 253–259
    • Practice Exam 2, 343–349
    • types of in, 10

R

• radius, of circles, 97, 100
• random sample, 129
• range, of data, 125–126
• raw score, 10
• ray, 88
• readers, slow, 174–175
• reading materials, 17
• Reading subtest
  • about, 8, 147
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 28–31
    • Practice Exam 1, 273–289
    • Practice Exam 2, 363–379
    • practice questions, 165–168
  • common mistakes on, 413–418
  • components of, 8–9, 148
  • paired passages, 172–173
  • previewing, 147–149
  • questions
    • long-passage, 153–158, 171–172
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 20–22, 162–164
    • Practice Exam 1, 237–252
    • Practice Exam 2, 329–342
    • quantitative-information, 158–161
    • short-passage, 149–153, 171–172
    • types of in, 9–10
    • visual-information, 158–161
  • test-taking strategies for, 169–175
  • time limit for, 8, 148
• reasoning, algebraic, 81–82
• reciprocal, 50–51
• rectangles
  • about, 95
  • area of, 102
  • perimeter of, 100
• rectangular prism, 102–103
• redundancy, 210–211
• reflexive pronoun, 200–201
• regions, 213
• registering, 13–14
• relational patterns, 81
• relationships, angle, 91–92
• relative pronoun, 200
• Remember icon, 2
• research skills, questions addressing, 221
• resources, Internet
  • Kirkland Group, 15
  • online practice tests, 3
  • Praxis Core, 13
  • Technical Support (Wiley), 3
• retakes, 11, 18
• reverse FOIL, 78–79
• revision in context, questions addressing, 222
• right triangles
  • about, 110–111
  • Pythagorean theorem, 111
  • special, 111–112
• rotations, 110
• run-ons, 205

S

• same-side interior angles, 92
• samples, 129
• scale factor, 98
• scale models, 99
• scatter plots, 124
• schedules, 14–16
• scientific notation, 131
• scoring, 10–11, 184–185
• scratch paper, 17
• seasons, 213
• second person, 198
• segment, 88
• selected-response writing questions, 221–227
• semicolons, 208–209
• sentence correction, questions addressing, 221–222
• sentence structure
  • about, 203
  • afterthought clause, 207
  • comma splices, 205
  • dependent clauses, 204
  • independent clauses, 203–204, 206
  • interrupting clauses/phrase, 207–208
  • introductory clauses/phrases, 206–207
  • main subject, 204
  • run-ons, 205
  • verb, 204
• sequence, finding numbers in, 56
• shapes
  • alike, 97–99
  • circles, 96–97, 100–101, 102, 410
  • combining, 103–105
  • congruent, 97–98
  • cube, 103
  • parallelograms, 95, 101–102
  • polygons, 93–95
  • properties of, 93–97
  • quadrilaterals, 95–96
  • rectangles, 95, 100, 102
  • similar, 98–99
  • squares, 95, 102
  • three-sided polygons, 93–94
  • trapezoids, 96, 102
  • triangles, 93–94, 102, 110–112
• shortcuts
  • for mathematical subtest, 135–139
  • narrowing down answer choices, 139–142
• short-passage questions
  • about, 149
  • author's tone/intent, 151–152
  • main idea, 149–150
  • strategies for, 171–172
  • vocabulary, 152–153
• similar shapes, 98–99
• simplifying fractions, 47–48
• singular pronoun, 198
• slope, of lines, 106
• slow readers, 174–175
• smartwatch, 17
• solving. See also finding
  • by elimination, 72–73
  • equations, 136–137
  • inequalities, 74–77
  • by substitution, 72
  • for variables in terms of other variables, 74
  • for x, 68–69
• source-based essays
  • answers and explanations
    • Practice Exam 1, 301–302
    • Practice Exam 2, 391
  • prompts
    • Practice Exam 1, 261–262
    • Practice Exam 2, 351
• sources, citing, 182
• special right triangles, 111–112
• specific words, 183
• speech, parts of, 191–202
• spelling, homophones and, 212
• spread, of data, 128
• square roots, 46–47
• squares, 95, 102
• standard deviation, 128
• states, minimum scores in different, 11
• statistics and probability
  • about, 115–116
  • analyzing data, 125–130
  • answers and explanations, 134
  • bar graphs, 117–118
  • box-and-whisker plots, 121–122
  • calculating probability, 130–131
  • example questions, 116, 117, 119–121, 122–123, 125–128, 131
  • line graphs, 117–118
  • line plots, 124–125
  • pie charts, 118–119
  • practice questions, 132–133
  • scatter plots, 124
  • scientific notation, 131
  • stem-and-leaf plots, 119–121
  • symbol for, 130
  • tables, 116
  • Venn diagrams, 123–124
• stem-and-leaf plots, 119–121
• straight angle, 91
• strategies
  • for long-passage questions, 171–172
  • for reading subtest, 148–149
  • for short-passage questions, 171–172
  • test-taking
    • for Mathematics subtest, 135–144
    • for Reading subtest, 148–149, 169–175
    • for Writing subtest, 221–229
• studying
  • budgeting time for, 14–15
  • with others, 15
• subjective pronoun, 198–200
• substitution method, 72
• subtest, Mathematics
  • about, 8
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 33–35
    • Practice Exam 1, 302–321
    • Practice Exam 2, 392–404
  • components of, 9
  • errors to avoid in, 409–412
  • questions
    • constructed-response, 142–144
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 25–27
    • Practice Exam 1, 263–272
    • Practice Exam 2, 352–362
    • types of in, 10
  • shortcuts for, 135–139
  • test-taking strategies for, 135–144

• time limit for, 8

• subtest, Reading
  • about, 8, 147
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 28–31
    • Practice Exam 1, 273–289
    • Practice Exam 2, 363–379
    • practice questions, 165–168
  • common mistakes on, 413–418
  • components of, 8–9, 148
  • paired passages, 172–173
  • previewing, 147–149
  • questions
    • long-passage, 153–158, 171–172
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 20–22, 162–164
    • Practice Exam 1, 237–252
    • Practice Exam 2, 329–342
    • quantitative-information, 158–161
    • short-passage, 149–153, 171–172
    • types of in, 9–10
    • visual-information, 158–161
  • test-taking strategies for, 169–175
  • time limit for, 8, 148
• subtest, Writing. See also essays
  • about, 8
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 31–33
    • Practice Exam 1, 289–299
    • Practice Exam 2, 380–389
  • common mistakes on, 413–418
  • components of, 9
  • questions
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 23–24
    • Practice Exam 1, 253–259
    • Practice Exam 2, 343–349
    • types of in, 10
  • test-taking strategies for, 221–229
  • time limit for, 8
• subtracting
  • decimals, 53
  • fractions, 49–50
  • in GEMDAS acronym, 57
  • integers, 42
  • undoing, 69–70
• supplementary angles, 91, 411
• systems of equations, 72–73
• systems of measurement, 58–59

T

• tables, 116
• tablet, 17
• Technical Support (Wiley), 3
• tense, 193
• terms
  • algebraic, 64
  • factoring out of bigger terms, 77–78
• test day
  • about, 16
  • budgeting time for taking test, 15–16
  • computer testing, 17
  • practice time given on, 17
  • what to bring, 17
• test-taking strategies
  • for mathematical subtest, 135–144
  • for reading subtest, 169–175
  • for writing subtest, 221–229
• Text types, purposes, and production section (Writing subtest), 9
• than/then, 212
• third person, 198
• three-sided polygons, 93–94
• time
  • budgeting for taking test, 15–16
  • scheduling, 14–16
• time limit
  • for each subtest, 8
  • for Reading subtest, 148
  • using wisely, 14–16
• Tip icon, 2
• titles, capitalization in, 213

• “too obvious” mistake, 417

• topics, covered in Praxis Core, 8–9
• to/too, 212
• transformations, 108–110
• transitive forms, of verbs, 193
• translation, 108
• trapezoids, 96, 102
• trial, 130
• triangles
  • about, 93–94
  • area of, 102
  • right
    • about, 110–111
    • Pythagorean theorem, 111
    • special, 111–112

• “trust your ear,” 227

U

• undoing
  • addition/subtraction, 69–70
  • multiplication/division, 70
• units of measurement, 59–60
• upper quartile, 121–122
• usage, questions addressing, 221, 222–223

V

• vague words, 183
• values, 67–68
• variables
  • about, 63–64, 127
  • combining like terms, 64–65
  • common errors with, 410–411
  • dividing expressions, 67
  • multiplying expressions, 65–66
  • solving for in terms of other variables, 74
  • terms and expressions, 64
  • values, 67–68
• Venn diagrams, 123–124
• verbals, 193–194
• verbs, 192–195, 204
• vertex, 89
• visual-information questions
  • about, 158
  • charts, 159
  • graphs, 159–161
• vocabulary, 152–153
• volume, 58–59, 102–103

W

• Warning icon, 2
• websites
  • Kirkland Group, 15
  • online practice tests, 3
  • Praxis Core, 13
  • Technical Support (Wiley), 3
• weight, 58–59
• whether/weather, 212
• which clause, 208
• whole numbers
  • defined, 41
  • finding factors of, 43–44
• who/whom, 200
• word problems
  • about, 60
  • algebra, 79–81
  • common errors with, 411
• word-matching, 417
• Works Cited, in essays, 181
• Writing subtest. See also essays
  • about, 8
  • answers and explanations
    • about, 31–33
    • Practice Exam 1, 289–299
    • Practice Exam 2, 380–389
  • common mistakes on, 413–418
  • components of, 9
  • questions
    • number of in, 8
    • practice, 23–24
    • Practice Exam 1, 253–259
    • Practice Exam 2, 343–349
    • types of in, 10
  • test-taking strategies for, 221–229
  • time limit for, 8
• wrong, compared with different, 415

X

• x, solving for, 68–69
• x-axis, 105
• xy coordinate plane
  • about, 105
  • distance formula, 107
  • identifying linear equations, 106–107
  • intersecting graphs, 107–108
  • midpoint formula, 107
  • naming coordinate pairs, 105–106
  • transforming figures, 108–110

Y

• y-axis, 105
• y-intercept, 106