Contents

FOREWORD. BY HENRI BERR. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:    METHODS AND FACTORS
INTRODUCTION. DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC LIFE. ITS    HISTORICAL CHARACTER. THE ECONOMIC LIFE    OF THE ANCIENT WORLD: GREAT PERIODS,    DOCUMENTS, METHOD
PART I
THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF GREECE AND GREEK    LANDS TO THE EXPEDITION OF ALEXANDER
I. HOMERIC AND HESIODIC SOCIETY
1. Agriculture and fruit-growing
2. Stock-breeding
3. Forests. Hunting and fishing
4. Farming methods and equipment
5. The organization and character of landed property
6. Industry
7. Trade, exchanges, voyages
II. THE EXPANSION OF GREECE OVER THE MEDI-    TERRANEAN
1. The economic causes of Greek colonization
2. The economic character of the Greek colonies
3. The economic consequences of Greek colonization.
III. AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL LIFE. RURAL    PROPERTY IN THE GREEK WORLD FROM THE    SIXTH TO THE FOURTH CENTURY BEFORE    CHRIST
1. Agriculture, stock-breeding, forests, hunting, and fishing
2. The equipment and organization of farming.
3. Direct and indirect methods of farming.
4. The status and character of rural property in Greece
IV. INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIAL LABOUR IN THE    GREEK WORLD FROM THE SIXTH TO THE    FOURTH CENTURY BEFORE CHRIST
1. Raw materials. Their sources and employment
2.The general character of industry. The division of labour    and specialization
3. The chief industrial centres of the Greek world
4. Industrial labour and its organization Workers and wages
5. The position of industrial labour in the economy of Greece
V. TRADE IN THE GREEK WORLD FROM THE SIXTH    TO THE FOURTH CENTURY BEFORE CHRIST
1. The nature of exchanges. The principal kinds of merchandise
2. Trade-routes by land and sea. Chief ports and commercial centres.    The commercial expansion of the Greeks
3. Money. The organization of exchanges
4. Laws and regulations regarding trade
PART II
THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE HELLENISTIC       WORLD
I. THE HISTORICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES    OF THE EXPEDITION OF ALEXANDER
1. The extension of geographical knowledge
2. The social consequences of Alexander's expedition
3. Circumstances favourable to economic progress
II. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE HELLENISTIC WORLD:    AGRICULTURE
1. The agricultural and pastoral resources of the Hellenized East
2. The organization of property in the Hellenistic kingdoms
3. Methods of farming
III. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE HELLENISTIC WORLD:    INDUSTRY
1. Raw materials
2. The chief centres of manufacture
3. The organization of labour
V. TRADE IN THE HELLENIZED EAST
1. The great trade-routes by land, river, and sea
2. The great trading centres. Entrep6ts and seaports
3. Forms and articles of Hellenistic trade. Trade regulations    Modes of exchange
PART III
THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE WESTERN    MEDITERRANEAN AND THE NEIGHBOUR-    ING REGIONS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF    THE ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER AUGUSTUS
I. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE BARBARIAN WEST:    NORTH AFRICA, THE IBERIAN PENINSULA, GAUL.    THE PROGRESSIVE INFLUENCE OF CARTHAGE,    GREECE, AND ROME
1. The economic life of Palaeolithic man
2. The economic life of Neolithic man.
3. The Bronze and Iron Ages The protohistoric period
II. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF CARTHAGE
1. The practice and science of agriculture at Carthage
2. The industry of Carthage
3. The trade of Carthage
III. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF PRIMITIVE ITALY. THE    ETRUSCANS. ROME TO THE MIDDLE OF THE    THIRD CENTURY BEFORE CHRIST
1. The economic life of primitive Italy
2. The Etrus cans and their economic life
3. The economic life of early Rome
IV. THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF ROME FROM THE BE-    GINNING OF THE PUNIC WARS TO THE DEATH    OF AUGUSTUS (264 B.C.–A.D. 14)
1. The agriculture of Rome and Italy
2. Industry in Rome and Italy
3. Trade in Rome and Italy
4. Movable wealth. Capital
PART IV
THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE ANCIENT WORLD    UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE
I. NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
1. The territorial extension and general aspect of the Roman Empire
2. Peace abroad and security. Order at home. Public works
3. The influence of ancient economic life outside the Empire
II. AGRICULTURE AND STOCK-BREEDING. PROPERTY    AND AGRICULTURAL LABOUR IN THE ROMAN    EMPIRE
1. Crops, livestock, forests, hunting, and fishing
2. Agricultural progress
3. Property and the organization of agricultural labour
III. INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIAL LABOUR
1. Raw materials and the extractive industries: salt-works, quarries,    and mines
2. Industrial production. The principal industries
3. The organization of industrial labour
IV. TRADE. EXCHANGES. ECONOMIC CIRCULATION.    THE EQUIPMENT OF TRADE
1. Articles of commerce inside and outside the Empire
2. Communications by land and sea. Harbours. Conditions of traffic:    customs,octrois, tolls
3. The organization and equipment of trade
CONCLUSION. THE ECONOMIC DOWNFALL OF THE    ANCIENT WORLD
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX