The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:
Alamy/ Granger Historical Picture Archive: 50 R, 51 L; Science History Images: 118 R
Getty/ Bettmann: 51 R; Hulton Archive: 119 L
Library of Congress/ Bain News Service: 16 R; Orren Jack Turner: 50 L
Science Photo Library/ Corbin O’Grady Studio: 85 L
Wikimedia 16 L, 17 R, 118 L; Karol Langner: 84 L; Nobel foundation: 17 L; Royal Society Uploader: 85 R; University of California, Irvine: 84 R; Cavendish Labratory: 119 R
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