A
Able Archer, 83; (military exercise), 298–9, 482–3
Acheson, Dean, 16–17, 23, 30, 34–5, 91–3, 104
Adelman, Kenneth, 292, 309, 317
Adenauer, Konrad, 91
“Additional Protocol” of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 364
Agnew, Vice President Spiro, 193, 222
Aideed, Mohammed Farid, 348
Akhromeyev, Marshall Sergei, 313, 323
Al Qaeda, 374, 383–4, 389, 393, 397
Allen, Richard, 275, 283, 285, 286
Allison, General Royal, 210–11, 239
Alvarez, Louis, 33
Anderson, Admiral George, 225, 227–8
Andropov, Yuri, 243, 287, 291–2, 294, 297, 298, 303
Antarctic Treaty, 72
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, 178, 202, 203, 204, 207, 211, 219, 222, 292, 311, 314, 325, 351, 366, 370, 375, 382, 389
U.S. withdrawal from, 288, 475
“Arab Spring,” 438
Arnold, General Henry Harley “Hap,” 6
Atlee, Prime Minister Clement, 10, 15, 38
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 16, 22, 25, 28, 33, 43, 56, 67, 75, 136, 241
“atoms for peace” speech (Eisenhower), 66, 67, 152
B
Baker, Secretary of State James, 299, 337
Jackson Hole summit with Shevardnadze, 321, 323, 325, 327
Ball, Undersecretary of State George, 158
Batista, Fulgencio, 83
Bay of Pigs invasion, 83–4, 88
Beirut bombing incident, 293–4
Berlin crisis, 89–103, 108–117
Berlin Wall, end of, 325
Betts, Army Major General Austin, 104, 124; Betts Panel, 162
“Beyond containment” policy, 323
Big Ivan (bomb), 94, 97, 102–3
Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), 382–3, 392
Brandt, German Foreign Minister Willy, 171, 199, 206
Brezhnev, Leonid, 146–7, 150, 154, 176, 185, 203, 204, 207, 211, 214, 220, 228, 230, 234–5, 239, 259, 261–2, 215, 224, 229, 241, 243, 256, 258, 260, 277, 284–5, 287–8, 291, 292, 299
Brodie, Bernard, 50–51, 61, 87
Browder, William, 449
Brown, Secretary of Defense Harold, 103, 237, 239, 242, 243, 244, 246, 251, 253, 257, 259, 274
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 238, 239–40, 251, 253, 257, 274
Brussels, Treaty of March, 1947 20
Bundy, McGeorge, ix, 92, 93, 99, 108, 118, 119, 123, 139, 154–6, 165, 177
Burt, Richard, 232, 282–3, 306, 329
Bush, George H. W.:
approach to weapons negotiation, 329
Gulf War I and, 347
influence on Gorbachev, 337
meeting in Malta with Gorbachev, 326
meeting in Moscow aithe Gobrachev, 330
meeting in New York with Gorbachev, 321
meeting with Gorbachev in Paris, 327
nuclear bomb testing and, 340–41, 358
policy review of 1989, 323
post-ColdWar situation and, 343
“post-containment” era and, 324
post-Gulf War I policy review, 344
Somalia and, 348
State of the Union Address, 1992, 338
summit with Yeltsin, 339
tapped as head of CIA, 228, 235, 237
“Team B” and 236
Washington meeting with Yeltsin, 339
Bush, George W.:
accession of to Presidency, 378
declaration of war on terrorism, 384
diplomacy with Russia by, 395
effect of on arms control, 406, 414
Genoa summit with Putin, 381
India policy of, 400
meeting in Crawford with Putin, 385
military policy of, 322, 323, 379–83, 386–7, 389–90, 398, 398
national security team of, 401
NATO expansion and, 404
negotiations with Russia, 402
new generation of nuclear weapons and, 397
9-11 attacks and, 383
North Korea and, 399
on halt to nuclear tests, 341
OPLAN 8022 (nuclear war plan), 396–7
Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW), 398
proposed missile shield in Eastern Europe, 401
reshuffle of security advisors, 401
“rogue states” and, 393
St. Petersburg meeting with Putin, 394–6
summit with Putin in Sochi, 403–4
U.S. meetings with Putin, 385
withdrawal from ABM treaty, 475
Byrnes, James, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
C
Callaghan, British Prime Minister James, 259
Cambodia, American invasion of, 196–8
Carlucci, Defense Secretary Frank, 318
Carter, Jimmy, 235, 238, 237, 239–45, 246–7, 249, 251, 252, 253–5, 256–7, 258–62, 263, 264–5, 266, 268, 269, 271–2, 274, 275, 279, 280, 282, 289, 295, 301, 349, 350
hostage rescue mission, 272
proposed opening to China, 257–8
response to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 265–6
Vienna summit with Brezhnev, 260–62
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 53
Chadwick, James, 10
Charles River Doctrine, 182
Chechnya, war in, 356; restart of, 367–8
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), 327
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), 359–60
Cheney, Richard, 230, 297, 321, 328, 344, 345, 349, 378
Chernenko, Konstantin, 299–301
Chernobyl disaster, 310
China:
beginning of nuclear weapons program of, 130–1
border clashes with USSR, 193
diplomacy with the Soviet Union, 130
first nuclear bomb test by, 146
hydrogen bomb test by, 168
nuclear weapons policy of, 352–3
pact with U.S. of, 1984 302
reaction to test-ban treaty, 136
Christopher, Warren, 345, 361, 374
“Church Commission,” 228
Churchill, Prime Minister Winston, 6, 10
“Iron Curtain” speech of, 18
Clark, Senator Joseph, 134
Clark, William, 175, 285, 286, 298–9, 331, 284
Clifford, Clark, 172, 174, 180
Clinton, Bill:
Chemical Weapons Convention and, 36
China policy of 353
Cologne meeting with Yeltsin, 367
first policy team assembled, 345–6
Helsinki meeting with Yeltsin, 362
inagural address of, 346
Iraq disarmament and, 370
meeting in Moscow with Putin, 369
meeting with Yeltsin in Cologne, 367
meeting with Yeltsin in Helsinki, 362
meeting with Yeltsin in Moscow, 352
missile attack on Iraq, 347
Moscow meeting with Putin, 369
Moscow meeting with Yeltsin, 352
New York City meeting with Putin, 370
nuclear doctrine of, 350, 351, 358, 362, 365
policy team reshuffle, 361
regime-change policy on Iraq, 355, 370–71
rift with Yeltsin over Chechnya, 368
summit with Putin in New York, 370
test-ban treaties and, 359, 362
unraveling of arms control policy, 367
Clinton, Secretary of State Hillary, 412, 429, 439, 440, 443, 448, 458–9, 460, 473
meeting(s) with Lavrov, 413, 444, 448
Cohen, William, 361
Colby, William, 227, 228, 232–3, 235
Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), 236–8
comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (CTBT), 358–9, 360–6, 370, 397, 398, 411
Comprehensive Proposal, the, 240
Conant, James, 43
Convair (corporation), 57–60, 77, 78
conventional forces reduction in Europe (CFE) treaty, 326–7, 338, 346, 356, 360, 361, 368, 401, 402, 403–4
Corona (reconnaisance program), 73
Counterforce strategy, 87, 88, 92, 11, 110, 112, 127, 138, 160, 162, 163, 170, 243, 246, 249, 273, 487
“Countervailing” strategy, 273–4
Crimea, annexation of; see Russia
D
D’Estaing, French President Giscard, 259
Daniloff, Nicholas, 311
de Gaulle, Charles, 90, 91, 129, 136, 156, 157
de Klerk, South African President F. W., 341
Dean, Arthur, 95, 131–2, 145, 151
Defender Europe, 20 (military exercises) 478, 482
Defense Planning Guidance document (DPG), 344–5
“Dense Pack” missile basing concept, 290–1
Dien Bien Phu, battle of, 52–3
Dobrynin, Anatoliy, 117, 123, 125, 174, 176, 184–5, !94–5, 197, 200, 202, 203 208, 219, 223, 228, 239, 240–1, 251, 253, 256, 259, 298, 300, 305
book by, 124
Doolittle, James, 50
“Doomsday Clock” (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists), 271, 295, 487
“dual track” policy, 264–5, 278, 283
Dubček, Alexander, 176
Dulles, John Foster, 49, 52, 54, 91
E
Eaker, Lieutenant General Ira C., 6
Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee (ENDC), 108, 116, 117, 127, 156, 171, 211
Eisenhower, General Dwight, 41, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71–3, 75, 76–8, 79, 80, 83, 84, 89, 109, 124. 152, 159, 225
“military-industrial complex” speech, 78
Enlai, Chinese Premier Zhou, 130, 193
Esper, Mark, 448, 475–6, 480, 482, 483
Evans, Rowland, 230
Evgeni Primakov, x
F
Feklisov, Alexandr, 122
Finletter Report, 27
Ford, Gerald, 213, 223, 229, 232, 263, 321
Foreign Affairs (journal), 52, 55, 62, 65, 79, 183, 231
Foster, William C., 101, 107, 135, 225, 227
fractional orbital bombardment system, or FOB, 127, 190, 192, 260
Franck, James (Franck Report), 10
Fuchs, Klaus, 38
G
Gaither, H. Rowan (Gaither Panel/Report), 64
Gardner, John, 84
Gates, Secretary of Defense Robert, 401, 403, 405, 429–30
Gell-Mann, Murray, 159
Geneva Conference (1958), 68–9
memorandum (1963), 127
Georgia, Republic of:
war with Russia, 2008, 404
Western condemnation of Russia for, 404
Gerasimov, General Valery, 482–3
Ghaddafi, Muammar, 438
Gilpatric, Roswell (Gilpatric Committee), 84, 102–3, 151–5, 177, 265, 270
Gingrich, Newt, 355
Glassboro Summit, 169
Glitman, Maynard, 304
Goldwater, Senator Barry, 145, 147, 270
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 299, 301, 303, 304, 305–6, 307–8, 309, 310–11, 312–16, 317, 318–21, 322–3, 324, 325–7, 330–32, 336, 337–8, 340, 356, 445, 472
Geneva meeting with Reagan, 306
reductions ordered in Soviet military, 320
Reykjavik meeting with Reagan, 310–14
Gottemoeller, Rose, 417–18, 436, 451
Graduated Nuclear Deterrence, 279
Grenada, invasion of, 294
Gromyko, Andrei, 93, 118, 136, 168, 173, 185, 203, 219, 223, 228–9, 235, 241, 243, 251, 252, 253, 255–7, 287–8, 293, 300
Groves, General, 5, 10, 12, 16
Gulf War I (U.S. versus Iraq), 327, 328, 336, 342, 344, 345, 363, 364
H
Hagel, Chuck, 450
Haig, Alexander, 276, 277, 278, 281, 283, 286
Hailsham, Lord, 136
Halloween Massacre (Ford purge), 229
Helms, Senator Jesse, 309, 318, 356, 360, 362, 365, 366, 369, 397
Helsinki talks (1970s), 194, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 228
Holeman, Frank (reporter), 120–21
hotline (Washington to Moscow), 127–8
Humphrey, Hubert 99, 100, 101, 105, 134–5, 147, 176
Hussein, Saddam, x, 326, 327, 347, 389, 354, 355, 357, 366, 370, 374, 392, 397
I
India, nuclear arms policy of, 158
first muclear bomb test, 220
nuclear weapons development, 143, 342
Inman, Admiral Bobby, 236
International Monitoring System (IMS), 359
Iran:
enrichment/weapons program of, 394, 399
“fuel-swap” arrangement, 435–6 [ref.Russia]
Joint Comprehensive Program of
Action (JCPOA) (nuclear deal), 457
Trump withdrawal from, 457, 460
Iran-Contra affair, 310
Iranian revolution, 258
American hostage-taking in, 264
Iraq war (2003):
NATO and, 391
Ismay, Lord, 355
Israel:
nuclear weapons program of, 142, 157, 164, 342
Six-Day War, 169
Jackson, Senator Henry “Scoop,” 63, 116, 132, 200, 208, 209–10, 211, 213, 218, 221, 222, 230, 231, 235, 238, 239, 240, 255, 258–9, 309, 378
Japan, atomic bombing of, 12
Johnson, Lyndon B.:
ABM system and, 165
and Chinese bomb tests, 143, 145, 146, 151
arms control efforts of, 173, 415
as Senator, 59
assumption of Presidency of, 140, 144
disarmament failures of, 141, 177
dismissal of McNamara, 172
election to second term, 147
Gilpatric Committee Report and, 152, 153, 155, 157
nonproliferation and, 154, 167
reluctance toward summit with Kruschev, 144–5
“slip of the tongue” statement on space program, 166
Soviet Union and, 166, 168, 174, 176
summit with Kosygin, 169
summit with Kosygin in Glassboro, 169
trip to Berlin, 1961, 97
Vietnam and, 145, 151, 154, 173
visit to Berlin as Vice President, 97
Johnson, Secretary of Defense Louis, 24, 32, 34
Johnson, U. Alexis, 118, 211, 218
K
Kai-shek, General Chiang, 29, 35, 53–4, 130
Kamal, Babrak, 265
Kamal, Hussein, 354
Kaufmann, William, 87–8, 92, 123
Kennan, George, 17–18, 20, 32, 45, 97, 322
Kennedy, John, ix, 70, 75, 81, 82, 90, 91, 108, 118, 120, 121, 136, 151
address to the General Assembly, 95, 101
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 83–4, 88
Cuban crisis and, 118–23, 127, 128, 134
on the missile gap as Senator, 75
speech at American University, 123
Kennedy, Robert, 117, 120–1, 122–3, 139
Kent, Air Force Brigadier General Glen, 163, 164, 178
Kerry, John, 450, 452, 456, 464
Khrushchev, Soviet Premier Nikita:
anger at U-2 reconnaisance, 73
announcement of “Big Ivan” bomb, 102
resuming nuclear tests, 98
speech to the UN on disarmament, 72
speech to Warsaw Pact, August 1961, 96–7
strategy in Cuba, 115–16, 121, 122, 123, 146
post-crisis message to Kennedy, 128
tour of America, 72
Killian, James R., Jr. (Killian Report), 58
King, Canadian Prime Minister McKenzie, 15
King, Fleet Admiral Ernest J., 6
Kissinger, Henry:
exchanges with Dobrynin, 184–5, 195, 202, 219, 223, 228
“limited war” doctrine of, 182
meeting with Gromyko, 229
summit with Breshnev, 203
“Year of Europe” project, 214
Kyl, Senator Jon, 426, 436, 442
L
Laird, Melvin, 164, 181, 187, 188, 196, 209, 211, 226
Lake, Anthony, 346
Lavrov, Sergei, 413, 444, 448, 449, 450, 452, 481–2
Leahy. Admiral William, 6
LeMay, General Curtis, 47, 48, 49, 59, 119
Lemnitzer, General Lyman, 89, 100, 101, 102, 105
Libya:
dismantling of WMD by, 399
lead-up to NATO attack on, 438
Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 16, 17, 19
Lippmann, Walter, 120
Lisbon Conference (1952), 41, 437
M
MacArthur, General Douglas, 36, 37, 38, 46
MacMillan, British Prime Minister Harold, 68, 98, 128, 133
Malinovsky, Soviet Defense Minister Rodion, 115
Manhattan Project, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 23, 271
Marshall, Andrew, 279
Marshall, George C./Marshall Plan, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 24
Martin Company, 58
Massive Retaliation (strategy), 47, 52–3, 54, 57, 66, 82, 85, 87, 110, 182, 243
McCarran, Senator Patrick, 29, 53, 45
McCarthy, Joseph/McCarthyism, 29, 56, 57, 62, 66
McCarthy, Eugene, 172
McCloy, Assistant Secretary of War John, J. 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 81, 82, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 151
McElroy, Secretary of Defense Neil, 71
McFarlane, Robert, 299, 304, 310
McFaul, Michael, 335, 373, 412, 413, 417, 427, 440, 441, 444, 445–6, 447, 451, 484
McMahon, Senator, Brien, 14, 16, 33, 34, 42
McNamara, Secretary of Defense Robert:
Ann Arbor speech by, 111–12, 115
“Assured Destruction” doctrine of, 160, 162, 188
Athens speech by, 111
Medvedev, Dimitry:
end of tenure of, 439
meeting with Obama in Seoul, 447
Moscow summit with Obama, 419
on G-8 summit in Deauville, France, 438–9
speech before General Assembly, 424
Mikoyan, Anastas, 147
missile defense systems, 449–51
discrediting of, 73, 75, 78, 84, 85
Molotov, Foreign Minister Vyacheslav, 11, 13, 15, 16
Multiple Protective Shelters (MPS), 246
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), 160, 475
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), 445
engagement with Russian politics, 446
National Strategic Targeting and Attack Policy (NSTAP), 187
neutron bomb (“enhanced radiation weapon”), 254–5, 281
New Look (national security strategy), 52, 53, 66, 67, 80, 89
Nicholson, Major Arthur, 304
Nitze, Paul 30, 32, 45, 46, 64, 85, 220, 221, 225, 231, 236, 238, 255, 262, 263, 275, 278, 284, 287–8, 279, 296, 304, 313, 333
“walk in the woods” proposal with Kvitsinsky x, 287–8
Nixon, Richard M.:
arms negotiations by, 182–4, 201
Moscow summit with Breshnev, 204
“Nixon doctrine,” 193
opening with/trip to China, 201–2, 203
“Saturday night massacre,” 217
Watergate scandal and, 215, 223
No Cities strategy, 87, 112, 160, 188, 213
Non-Transfer Declaration, 142
nonproliferation treaty (NPT)
review conferences on, 341, 414, 434–5
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
balance of power with Russia on the eastern flank, 462–3
bombing of Yugoslavia, 367
creation of, 21
Georgia conflict and, 404
involvement in Iraq war, 390, 391
Lisbon summit of, 437
nuclear strategy of, 88, 89, 95m, 153, 261, 281, 405
post-Cold War, 338, 344, 355, 358, 381
push to border with Russia, 358, 402, 403, 479, 483
Trump administration and, 461–2
“war on terror” and, 384
North Korea:
joining of NPT, 303
nuclear weapons program of, 364, 399
summit on unification, 372
Novak, Robert, 230
Nuclear Policy Review (NPR), 349–50
Nuclear Security Summit (NSS), 432–34
Nuclear Targeting Policy Review (NTPR), 273, 274, 279
nuclear test ban treaty:
common desire for, 131
final agreement on, 136
ratificatioin by Congress, 137
nuclear triad (strategy concept), 138
effect on SIOP, 138
Nuclear Weapons Employment Plan, or NUWEP, 212–13, 216, 217, 242, 350, 363
Nuland, Victoria, 457
O
Obama, Barack:
arms control challenges of, 411–12
failure of disarmament vision of, 440
meeting with Putin in Mexico, 448
Moscow suummit with Medvedev, 418–19
red line” declaration of (Syria), 456
“reset” toward Russia, 412–13, 437
death of, 440
Singapore summit with Medvedev, 427
speech to the General Assembly, 421–24
Odeen, Philip, 212–13, 216, 217
On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA), 317
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1, 2, 3, 12, 33, 43, 44, 55, 56, 62
P
Pakistan, 53, 220, 302, 342, 364, 365, 299, 400, 416, 433
Paris peace accord, 214
Partial Test-Ban Treaty (PTBT), 340–41
Pastore, Senator John, 167
Patrushev, Nikolai, 452
Penkovsky, Colonel Oleg, 452
Perle, Richard, 208, 230, 255, 275, 282, 283–5, 288, 292, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 332
“Zero Option” proposal, 283–5, 286–8, 294, 308–9, 315, 332
Perry, William, 348, 361, 371–2, 374, 408, 470
Podgorny, Nikolai, 146
Potsdam (summit or conference), 9, 10, 23
Powell, Colin, 318, 319, 379, 385, 387, 401
President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 225–6, 227, 228
Presidential Decision Directive, 60 (PDD-60) (new Clinton nuclear strategy), 362–3
Prevention of Nuclear War (PNW) treaty, 214–15
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 143
Project Vela, 116
proliferation pressures, 143–4
Pugwash Conference, 132
Putin, Vladimir, 369, 386, 387, 403, 407, 412, 421, 437, 443, 446, 447, 449, 450, 471, 474, 478
2018 speech on Russian military capabilities 467–9
ascension to power, 368, 439–40, 445
comments on misslie defense shield, 401
favoritism toward Trump, 473
Genoa meeting with Bush II, 381
meeting in ireland with Obama, 454
meeting in Moscow with Bush II, 388
meeting in St. Petersburg with Bush II, 394–5
meeting in Texas with Bush II, 385
meeting with Clinton in New York, 370
meeting with Obama in China, 459
meetings with Donilon, 451–3, 447–8
on failed missile test, 475
split with Medvedev, 438
summit with Bush II, 403
views toward NATO expansion, 402
R
Reagan, Ronald:
administration make-up of, 275–7
Berlin speech, 316
conversion to arms reduction, 276
criticism of SALT, 263
“evil empire” speech of, 292
joins CPD, 263
summit in Geneva with Gorbachev, 305–8
Reed, Thomas (Reed Panel), 329
Rhee, Synghman, 35
Rice, Condoleezza, 378, 381, 401, 404
Rogers, William, 191, 193, 194
Romanov, Grigory, 301
Romney, Michigan Governor George, 164
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 38, 39–40
Rostow, Eugene, 165, 235, 275, 277, 278, 279, 292
Rotblat, Joseph, 10
Rowney, Lieutenant General Edward, 210–11, 232, 239, 257, 263, 278, 279, 288, 289–90, 294, 304
Rumsfeld Commission, 366, 371, 378, 380, 391
Rumsfeld, Donald, 230, 236, 237, 293, 366, 378, 380
resignation of, 401
Rusk, Dean, 84, 90, 97, 118, 128, 129, 132, 134, 140, 146, 153–4, 155, 156, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174, 175, 176
Russia (post-Soviet):
alleged interference in U.S. politics, 458–60, 461, 473
and U.S.-Syria relations, 448, 452–3
annexation of Crimea, 457, 461, 479
cooperation with U.S. on Iran, 457
deal with Kerry re Syria, 456
military intervention in Syria, 457–8
sanctions on, 460
state of democracy in, 446
Rybokov, Sergei, 473
S
Sanders, Senator Bernie, 458
“Saturday Night Massacre,” 217
Scali, John, 122
Schlesinger, Arthur Jr., 92, 104, 123
Schlesinger, James, 217, 220, 221, 223, 229, 230, 242, 248, 405
Schultz, George P., 225, 285, 288, 293, 300, 302, 304, 305–6, 307, 312, 313, 316, 318, 319, 333, 470
Scowcroft, Brent/Scowcroft Commission, 230, 291, 294, 321, 322, 329, 330, 408
Selin, Dr. Ivan, 175
Semenov, Deputy Foreign Minister Vladimir, 201
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 383
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 305, 306, 307, 311, 312, 318, 323, 325, 327, 330
“Single Integrated Operational Plan” (SIOP), 76, 77, 86–88, 92, 93, 100, 102, 108, 111, 187, 188, 189, 211, 212, 213, 242, 335, 363, 386, 395
Sloss, Leon/Sloss Panel, 273, 274, 279
Smith, Gerard, 193, 195, 196, 197, 200, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 213, 221, 231
Snowden, Edward, 456
Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 187
South Africa, 157
closing of nuclear weapons program, 341–2
ending of apartheid, 341
invasion of by the North, 35
summit on nuclear Security in, 444
summit on unification, 372
U.S. joint military excercizes with, 347
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 53
Soviet Union:
blockade of Berlin, 21
diplomacy with China, 130
invasion of Czechoslovakia, 176
invasion of Afghanistan, 265
nuclear testing by, 126
threat assessments of, 28, 31, 47–8, 50, 57, 58, 59, 95, 236–7, 453
by Kennan, 322
by Le May, 47
Congressional committee and, 263–4
Special Studies Project, 84, 103
death of, 49
invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1948 20
Korean crisis and, 35
military buiid-up by, 20
post-war intentions of re Europe, 18
response to atomic bombing of Japan by, 12
Stikker, Dirk, 110
Stimson, Henry, L.6, 12, 13, 375
Stoltenberg NATO Secretary General Jens, 462–3
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 194
Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), 285–6, 289–90
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 292–3, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 313, 315, 325, 338, 339, 351–2
and Reagan-Gorbachev discussions, 307, 308, 314
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT), 388–9, 394, 396, 398, 403, 411, 418
“Strategic Sufficiency” (doctrine), 188–9, 209
Symington, Stuart, 26, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63, 76, 78, 79, 132, 148
promotion of “missile gap,” 70, 77
Syria:
alleged chemical attacks in, 456, 462
anti-Assad rebellion in, 450
U.S.-Russian relations and, 448, 452–3
Szilard, Leo, 8
T
Taiwan, issue of, 353
Taylor, General Maxwell, 82, 83, 85, 88, 89, 100, 101–2, 103, 105, 118, 120, 122
“Team B” (alternative CIA), 227, 235–8
Teller, Edward, 21, 22, 32–3. 42–3, 56, 62, 69, 84, 132, 134, 225, 227, 228, 235
Tenet, George, 372
The Day After (made-for-TV movie), 310
Thompson, Andrea, 472
Thompson, Llewellen, 90
Tiananmen Square crackdown, 324, 352
Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF treaty), 265, 275, 278, 281–4, 285, 286–7, 288, 293, 294, 298, 304, 308, 309, 310, 312, 315–19, 321, 330, 333, 402, 403, 417, 453, 461, 471–3, 477, 478
as Presidential candidate, 5
Geneva protocol and, 198
Korean War and, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40
on “Air policy,” 26
on nuclear weapons policy, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 27, 28, 34, 41, 42, 43
on removal of MacArthur, 38
overview of Presidency, 44
“rollback” policy of, 37
talks with Stalin, 11
Truman Doctrine, 20, 21, 29, 41
veto of Subversive Activities Control Act, 39
nuclear posture review (NPR) of, 464–7, 469, 470
sanctions on Russia, 474
atance toward NATO, 461, 462–3
stance toward North Korea, 460
stance toward nuclear balance with Russia, 460–1
withdrawal from INF treaty, 471–3
Russian response to, 472
Tse-tung, Mao, 29, 35, 37, 130, 183, 203
Turner, Admiral Stansfield, 238, 257
Twinning, General Nathan, 75–6
“two Chinas” policy, 193
U
Ukraine, 331, 336, 342, 352, 359, 361, 362, 403, 404, 459
revolution in, 456–7, 461, 479
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 446, 448–9
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 101, 107, 149, 156, 167, 207, 208, 210–11, 213, 238, 239, 251, 273, 275, 277, 278, 309, 317, 360, 361, 292, 434
Ushakov, Yuri, 452
Ustinov, Soviet Defense Minister Dmitri, 243, 291, 294, 300
V
Vance, Cyrus, 165, 185, 237, 255
meeting with Gromyko in Geneva, 251–3, 255, 256–8
mission to Moscow, 239–41, 243
resignation of, 272
Vienna talks:
of 1970–71, 194, 195, 197, 198, 200–2
of 1979, 260
Vietnam/Southeast Asia, war in, 53, 83, 137, 145, 151, 154, 157, 165, 167, 169, 172, 173, 181, 182, 184, 185, 190, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 215
Paris peace accord, 214
Gulf of Tonkin Incident; resolution of, 145
Vladivostok agreement, 224, 225, 229, 230, 240–1, 252, 253
Vorontsov, Yuli, 315
W
Warnke, Paul, 238, 239, 251, 252
Warsaw Pact, formation of, 60
Washington Joint Declaration, 15
Watergate (break-in/scandal) 204, 214, 215, 220, 223, 232
Welch, Joseph Nye, 57
Wilson, British Prime Minister Harold, 166
Wohlstetter, Albert, 51, 65–6, 73, 74, 79, 87, 225, 227, 279, 280, 282
Wohlstetter, Roberta, 51
Wolfowitz, Paul, 210, 236, 344, 378
Wolters, General Tod, 490, 481, 482, 488, 483
Woolsey, James, 346
Y
Yeltsin, Boris, 336, 338, 356, 358, 362, 366, 367, 368, 369, 412, 445, 446
creation of Commonwealth of Independent States, 331
defies Moscow coup, 330
election of, 329
meeting with Bush I in Moscow, 339
meeting with Bush I in Washington, 359
meeting with Clinton in Cologne, 367
meeting with Clinton in Helsinki, 362
meeting with Clinton in Moscow, 352
signing of START-2, 350
surprise resignation of, 368–9
weapons reduction and, 337
Yugoslavia, civil war in, 348
Z
Zakharov, Gennadi, 311
“Zero Option” see Perle, Richard
Zhukov, Marshall Georgi, 11, 12, 23
Zorin, Valeryan/McLoy-Zorin accord, 93, 94, 97–8, 99, 101, 108, 131
Zurhellen, Owen, 210