Index

France: Christianity and, 60; Egyptian intellectuals and, 40–41, 54, 86–87, 90–92, 100–103; gardens and, 87; Mehmed Ali’s admiration for, 47–48; modernity and, 151; Ottoman war with, 21–22, 25–26; philosophy from, 74; Revolution of, 28; Tunisia and, 179; uprisings in, 150. See also specific people

Franz, Julius (Franz Bey), 90, 94, 96–97

Freemasons, 81–83, 154, 175–77, 205

Fuad Pasha, 65, 279

Fursān al-ʿArab, 191–92

fuṣḥā Arabic. See Arabic

Galata Courier, 62

Galib, Osman, 287

The Garden of Pleasures for the Elimination of Sad Things, 88

gardens, 87–89. See also al-Azbakiyya

Garnier, Charles, 89, 94

Gasper, Michael, 271

Gay-Lussac, Jules-Ferdinand, 241

gentle revolution, 15, 151

Ghālī, Muḥammad, 176

Gharzūzī, Ḥabīb, 170, 220, 226n127

Goldziher, Ignác, 127

Granara, William, 167

Granato, Alfonso, 250

Grand, Pierre, 107, 239–42

Greek Catholics’ Charitable Society, 272

Gülhane Edict, 28–29, 32

Habsburg Empire, 57, 87, 112, 117

Ḥaddād, Sulaymān, 216, 226, 234, 251

al-Ḥaddād, Sulaymān, 187

Ḥadīqat al-Akhbār, 130, 166

Ḥāfiẓ Pasha, Ismāʿīl, 258

al-Ḥakīm, Tawfīq, 235, 274

Halim, Said, 292

Halis, Yusuf, 31, 45

Ḥamawī, Salīm, 170

al-Ḥamūlī, ʿAbduh, 77–80, 186–87, 215, 228–31, 238, 272, 274–75, 280

Hamzah, Dyala, 39

ḥanafites, 127–28

Hānūlā, 226

Ḥaqīqat al-Akhbār, 176

harems, 53–54, 59–61, 115–16, 150–51, 256, 279, 287

al-Ḥarīrī, Kāmil, 187

Hārūn al-Rashīd (Naqqāsh), 33, 171, 179–86, 191, 219–25, 269, 277, 287

Hasan (Ismail’s son), 150, 209

Ḥasanayn Ḥamza, 72, 82

Hatem, Mervat, 211

Haussmann,Georges-Eugène, 87

Hébert, Alphonse, 108

Hekekyan, Joseph, 101

hidiv-i Misir, 66

Ḥifẓ al-Widād, 219, 287

Hijaz, 24, 29, 68, 76, 116

al-Ḥijāz, 185

Ḥijāzī, Salāma, 165, 186–92, 203–4, 214–19, 225–35, 251, 273, 286, 304, 306

al-Ḥijāzī, Shihāb al-Dīn, 77

al-Hilbāwī, Ibrāhīm, 175, 179, 182, 209–10, 213

hippodrome, 86, 96, 106–7

historicization, 3, 304–5

history (genre), 21, 43–44, 147–52, 160–62, 207

History of Andalusia (Viardot), 298

History of Peter the Great (Voltaire), 43

honor, 232, 278–82, 290

horizontal patriotism, 153–54

Hoşyar, 50, 53–54, 58–62, 80–81, 83, 182, 206, 209, 281

Hourani, Albert, 41, 73–74, 178, 303–4

Les Huguenots (opera), 141

Hugo, Victor, 90

Huizinga, Johan, 2

Hunter, F. Robert, 72

al-Ḥuqūq, 223, 229

Hürriyet, 76

Hüsrev Pasha, 22, 27

Hurşid Pasha, 56

al-Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad, 212

Hüseyin Kamil (Ismail’s son), 56, 150, 209, 279

al-Ḥuṣrī, Sāṭiʿ, 6

Ibrahim, 22–29, 36, 49, 53–54, 102, 114, 209

Ibrāhīm, Sālim, 108

al-Ibshīhī, Shihāb al-Dīn, 144

al-ʿIdwī, Ḥasan, 185

İhsanoğlu, Ekmeleddin, 48

Ilhami, 58n51

Ilyās, Edward, 168

imagined communities, 9, 69, 111–15, 219–20, 236–37, 269–78, 291–95, 303–8

impresarios, 13–14, 167, 193–96, 214–37, 245, 247–48, 250–57, 272–76, 304

Imprimerie Nationale Égyptienne, 130

India, 204

Isḥāq, Adīb, 169–72, 174–75, 180, 209

Islam: Egypt’s imperial place and, 14; European understandings of, 60; gender and, 2; just rule principles and, 1, 25–26; Koran and, 141, 186–87; language politics and, 126–28, 132; laws and, 254–57, 259–67; Ottoman Empire and, 8–9, 177; patriotism and, 5–10, 40–41, 73–77, 146–47, 271–73, 289–91, 298–99, 304–5, 307–8; print technologies and, 130–31; territoriality and, 75–77

Islamic Charitable Society, 272, 276

Ismail, 37n95, 47, 66–67; Abdülaziz and, 19; Arabic representations of, 84, 118–19, 126–30, 142, 150–52, 181–82; as audience member, 156–57, 159, 168, 257, 279; death and, 81–83; deposition of, 164–65, 177–78, 241; Draneht Bey and, 104–6; European culture and, 84–85, 88–89, 92, 105–15, 119; images of, 52–53; journalism and, 133; Ottoman-ness and, 14, 51–61, 66–67, 80–83; patriotism and, 67–73, 146–47

Ismāʿīl, Muḥammad, 108

Ismail junior (Mehmed Ali junior’s son), 61

Ismāʿīl, Sayyid ʿAlī, 254–55, 264–65

Italy, 32–33, 85–86, 111–17

al-Ittiḥād al-Miṣrī, 191

al-ʿIyyādī, Muḥammad, 235–36

ʿIzzat, 226

al-Jabartī, ʿAbd al-Raḥman, 39

Jamʿiyyat al-Maʿārif, 174

Jamʿiyyat al-Ṣalība al-Adabiyya, 293

Jankowski, James, 5–6

al-Janna, 166

Jarīdat Arkān Ḥarb al-Jaysh al-Miṣrī, 141–42

al-Jawāhirjī (Sanua), 156

al-Jawāʾib, 62, 66, 96, 130, 144, 156, 208

al-Jawq al-ʿArabī, 216–28

Jews and Jewishness, 49, 227, 242–43

al-Jinān, 76, 166–70

journalism: British occupation and, 204–5, 208–9; censorship and, 4, 263–67; khedivial support for, 130–31; language politics of, 131–47; patriotism and, 39–40, 213–14, 218; political uses of, 62–63, 66, 95–96; public sphere and, 2, 132–45

Journal Officiel, 232

al-Jundī, Amīn, 25

Jūrnāl-i Khidīwī, 66

Jūrnāl ʿUmūmī li-Kāfat al-Iʿlānāt, 131

Kāmil, ʿAlī, Fahmī, 289, 293

Kāmil, Muṣṭafā, 15, 76, 266, 268–69, 277, 280–81, 288–98, 304, 306–7; photos of, 296

Karateke, Hakan, 29

al-Kawākibī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, 7

al-Kawkab al-Miṣrī, 191

Keddie, Nikki R., 175

Kedourie, Elie, 303–4

Kemal, Namik, 76

Kern, Karen, 30

Khalidi, Rashid, 6–7

Khalil Agha, 59

Khalīl Yeğen Pasha, 82

Khallāṭ, Anīs, 176

Khayri, Ahmed, 210

Khayyāṭ, Yūsuf, 180–89, 194–95, 215–16, 218–19, 230, 251–53, 272–73, 277

khedivate: British relations with, 93, 204–14; class politics and, 34–35, 67–68, 102–4, 117–18, 129–30, 164–65, 182–83, 186, 269–85, 291–92; constitutionalism and, 177–78; democracy and, 147–52; immigration and, 165–72; intellectuals’ relation to, 11–14, 34–35, 41–44, 46–48, 129–30, 172–79, 181–82, 288–95; language politics and, 126–47, 150–63, 214–28, 288–95; Mehmed Ali and, 21–22, 34, 49; Opera House of, 13–14, 89–97, 95, 97–106, 111–19, 125–26, 157, 166, 181, 190–91, 203–4, 214, 227, 232, 238, 244–51, 255–59, 268, 274–76, 282–88, 290–91; Ottomanness of, 61–67, 117, 282–88, 303–8; primogeniture and, 50, 61–63, 68, 81–82; public spaces and, 105–11, 132–45, 147–63, 169–72, 182–84, 194–95, 236–50, 255–57, 259–63, 295–98; structure of, 3–5, 71–73; theater spaces and, 84, 153–62, 216–18, 238–59

Khalīfa, the Fisherman (Wāṣif), 223–24

Khuri-Makdisi, Ilham, 14, 254–55, 262

Kiamil Pasha, 36–37, 47

Koran, the, 141, 151, 186–87

Kudri Bey, 209

Kudsi-Zadeh, Albert, 172

al-Kūmī, Aḥhmad, 108, 250, 274

Lablache, Nicole, 107n140, 256

Landau, Jacob, 172

language: education and, 276–78; European contacts and, 35, 167; journalism and, 131–47; modernity and, 12–13; patriotism and, 24–25, 38–40, 49, 125–26, 152–63, 184–96, 225–28, 251, 276–78; translation and, 10, 152–63, 227, 269, 286

al-Laqānī, Ibrāhīm, 205

Larose, Léopold, 107, 246–47, 252

law: constitutionalism and, 164–65, 236–37, 302; Mehmed Ali’s Egypt and, 35; Ottoman codes of, 4, 28, 30, 71–73; public spaces and, 259–63; theaters and, 238, 254–59

Law on Theaters (1911), 266–67

Laylā (ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ al-Miṣrī), 157, 160

Laylā (singer), 230

al-Laythī, Aḥmad, 219, 294

al-Laythī, ʿAlī, 69–70, 88, 150

Leafgren, Luke, 167

Lebanon, 6, 306

Levant Herald, 62, 130

Lewis, Bernard, 10, 28–29, 46, 75

Lincoln, Abraham, 255

al-Liwāʾ, 76, 298

Louis XIV, 111–12

al-Madanī, Ibrāhīm Sīrāj, 185

Māḍī, Aḥmad, 213

al-Madrasa (journal), 294–96

al-Madrasa al-Waṭaniyya, 166

Mahd-i ʿUlya, 59

Mahmud II, 26, 29, 54

al-Maḥrūsa, 172, 191–92

Majdī, Ṣāliḥ, 45–46, 57, 69, 129, 146, 150

Majlis al-Aḥkām, 56

Majlis Shūrā al-Nuwwāb, 71–73, 82–83, 142, 177–78

Manasse, Seraphin, 90–93, 107, 114, 119, 215–16, 252

Mansour, Achille, 117

Mansur Pasha, 79, 150, 154

Maqātil Miṣr—Aḥmad Bāshā ʿUrābī (play), 235–37

Mariette, Auguste, 116–18, 148

Marin, Louis, 112

Maronite Charitable Society, 227, 229–30, 287

Maronites, 24–26

Marquis de Tard, 81

marriage, 34–35, 62, 78–79, 114, 150–52, 161, 213–14, 286

Marseillaise, 42–43, 46, 125–26

Marxism, 5n12

Maskūnās, Dīmitrī, 213

Masters, Bruce, 26

Matarci, Nukhla, 80

al-Māyis, Farḥat, 258

Mayy (Naqqāsh), 167, 187

Maẓlūm, Aḥmad, 246

McCoan, James Carlile, 58n52

Meclis-i Ahkam, 55

Le médicin malgré lui (Molière), 153

Mehmed Ali, 103; Arabic image of, 38–44; Christians under, 25–26; conquests of, 4–5; death of, 36; Draneht Bey and, 101–2, 104–5; hanafism of, 127–28; Ibrahim’s Syrian campaign and, 23–29; Egypt and, 4, 14, 19, 21–22, 34, 82–83, 85; memory of, 210–13; modernity and, 89; Ottoman belonging of, 35–36; primogeniture and, 50, 61–63, 68; revival of, 291–92; scholarship on, 26–28, 48–49; territory of, 40–41; title of, 64–65

Mehmed Ali (Abbas Hilmi II’s brother), 279

Mehmed Arif Pasha, 82

Mehmed Şukri, 79

Mehmed Ali, Jr., 47, 53–55

Melekper, 58

memory, 132, 147–52, 181–82, 304–5

Michelet, Jules, 89–90

middle class, 270–71, 278–82

Mikāwī, Muḥammad, 209n38

Miller, Alexei, 8

Ministry of Public Works, 239–40, 252

Miṣbāh al-Sharq, 270

Mishāqa, Mīkhāʿīl, 24, 26

Miṣr, 172, 177

al-Miṣrī, Ḥasan, 234

modernity, 43–44; democracy and, 147–52; European cultural forms and, 13–14, 119, 250–51, 283–85, 295; journalism and, 142; language and, 12–13; progress and, 87–88

Moldavia, 64

Moncrieff, Scott, 244

morality, 11–15, 41, 55–56, 105, 123, 129, 156–63, 185, 235, 255–67, 276–82, 298–301

Moreh, Shmuel, 161

Morocco, 150, 306

Mourès, Antoine, 131, 133, 220

Mubārak, ʿAlī, 40–45, 71, 76, 127–28, 146–53, 159–61, 174, 184, 212, 240–46, 291–95

al-Mufīd, 191

Muḥammad, Wafā, 277

Muḥammad ʿAlī, 73–74

Muḥarram, Khalīl, 187

Muhtar, Ahmed, 204, 217, 227, 282–84, 286–88, 297

Muḥyī al-Dīn (comedian), 218–19

Mūlyīr Miṣr (play), 160n148

al-Munbih al-Tijārī al-Miṣrī, 131, 144

Munīb, Muḥammad, 207

munshidīn, 186–87

al-Muntakhab, 191

al-Muqaṭṭam, 236, 295–96, 300

al-Muqtaṭaf, 218

al-Murūʾa wa-l-Wafā (play), 226

Mūsa, ʿAbd al-Karīm, 280

Mūsa, Salāma, 298

music. See aural patriotism; patriotism; songs

Muslim Charitable Society, 272

Mutaʿaṣṣiba Shanʿāʾ (play), 265

Muṭrān, Khalīl Bey, 78n180

al-Muwayliḥī, ʿAbd al-Salām, 176

al-Muwayliḥī, Ibrāhīm, 69, 131, 133n46, 155, 225, 255

al-Muwayliḥī, Muḥammad, 281

al-Muʾayyad, 213–14, 298

(al-)Nadīm, ʿAbd Allāh, 151, 182–85, 190–95, 235–36, 270, 272, 277, 289–90, 294–95

Nahman, Mattatias, 91

al-Najāḥ, 166, 191

Najī, Muḥammad, 234

al-Najjārī, Muṣṭafā Salāma, 47, 69, 116, 149

Najm, Muḥammad Yūsuf, 273

Napoleon, 43, 47

Napoleon III, 49, 62, 84

Naqqāsh, Mārūn and Niqūlā, 32–33, 45, 155, 166–67, 171, 180–81, 223, 277

Naqqāsh, Salīm Khalīl, 167–68, 171, 174, 179–81, 187, 189, 192–93, 207, 215, 227

Nāṣir al-Dīn Shah, 59, 115

nationalism, 2–3, 5–7, 9–11, 26–27, 40–41, 73–77, 164–65, 301–2, 305–8. See also patriotism

National Program, 177–78

nation-ness, 9–10, 30–31, 142, 147–48, 196–97, 269, 271–73, 291–95, 307–8

Naum Theatre, 92

Nawfal, Nawfal, 23–24

Nazli (princess), 292

Naẓmī, Aḥmad, 146

A Necklace of Pearls (Abū al-Suʿūd), 42

New and Old Egypt (Anṭūn), 277

New Ottoman ideology, 173

The New Tevfikian Survey (ʿAli Mubārak), 212

The New York Times, 95–96, 201, 268

Le Nil, 157

Ninet, John, 102n111

Noorani, Yaseen, 10

Nubar, Boghos, 243

Nubar Nubaryan, 64–66, 81, 103, 114, 174, 227, 240, 252

al-Nūr al Tawfīkī, 213

Nuzhat al-Afkār, 131, 155

Ömer Lufti Pasha, 170

opera: Aida’s performance and, 111–19; Arabic language and, 125–26, 141–42, 188–93, 218–28, 269; fires and, 244; global interest in, 91–92, 248–50; Khedivial Opera House and, 13–14, 85, 157, 166, 181, 190–93, 203–4, 214, 227, 232, 237–39, 246–51, 255–59, 274–76, 282–88, 290–91; Ottoman receptions of, 55; patriotism and, 89–97, 186–96, 286–88; privatization and, 250–51

Organic Law for the Assembly of Deputies, 186

Orientalists, 46, 127, 153, 231–32, 265–66, 307–8

Ornato, 261

Ornstein, John Maurice Isidor, 242–44

Orthodox Coptic Charitable Society, 272

Ottoman Empire: Britain and, 5–6, 27, 36, 197, 203–5, 210–13, 282–88; class politics of, 1, 34–37; Egypt’s political place within, 3–5, 8–9, 14, 21–23, 36–37, 44–50, 60–67, 71–73, 90–92, 117, 162–65, 174–77, 185, 197, 210–13, 282–88, 292–98, 303–8; European culture and, 27, 65–67, 77–79, 130–31, 164–65, 170, 172–75, 182, 184–86; Islam and, 1, 9–10, 177; Ismail and, 14, 51–58, 80–83; language politics and, 7–9, 38–40; legal codes of, 4, 28, 30, 71–73, 172–79, 186, 260, 263–67; migrations within, 165–72, 180, 204–5; networks of, 1, 7–9, 175–77; patriotism and, 5–9, 28–37, 42, 176–77, 236–37

paintings, 51–54

Palmer, Elwin, 243

Papakyriacou, Marios, 100n33

Papon, Antoine August, 81

Paris World Exhibition, 86, 231

The Paths of Egyptian Hearts (al-Ṭahṭāwī), 73–75

Patriotic Party, 177–78

Patriotic Society for Aid, 180

patriotism: aesthetic representations of, 11–15, 21, 24–25, 30, 42–48, 51–54, 57, 63, 66, 68–71, 75–79, 83, 111–19, 150–52, 187, 189–91, 210–11, 219–25, 286–88, 295–98; affect and, 32–34, 38–40; aural-, 13, 30–31, 44–48, 77–81, 85–89, 297; class politics and, 67, 69, 71–73, 80–81, 117–18, 269–78; commercialism and, 228–35; as compensation, 67–73, 89–97; definitions of, 1, 5–11; education and, 15, 28–29, 39–40, 82–83, 166, 173, 182–83, 189, 194–95, 270–71, 276–78, 288–89; European homelands and, 1–3, 28–30, 32, 41–44; horizontal, 153–54; imperial contexts and, 7–11, 28–40, 42, 236–37, 303–8; journalism and, 39–40, 95–96, 130–31, 147–52, 174–75, 208–9, 213–14, 218; language and, 6–13, 24–25, 40–44, 49, 125–26, 131–47, 152–63, 169–70, 184–86, 225–28, 276–78, 307–8; Mehmed Ali and, 210–13; methodologies and, 11–14; nationalism and, 2–3, 7, 9–10; performances and, 2, 32, 67–73, 84, 89–105, 111–15, 125–26, 152–65, 171–72, 179–96, 214–28, 236–37, 268–69; religion and, 5–6, 9–10, 25–26, 40–41, 73–77, 146–47, 271–73, 289–91, 298–99, 304–5, 307–8; revolution and, 164–65; territoriality and, 5–6, 10–11, 38–48, 68–69, 75–77, 162–63, 302; vertical, 126; war and, 21, 23–28, 30–34, 44–48, 174–75, 180–81

Pavlidis, Pavlos. See Draneht, Paul

Peirce, Leslie, 59

Penal Code of 1883, 261–62

pensions, 244

Persian (language), 8, 66

Pertevniyal, 59, 61–62, 83

Le Petit Duc (opera), 291

petitions, 11–12, 182–84, 193, 203–4

Pīkmāliyūn, 223

plays: actors in, 169–72, 180–86, 189–91, 214–28; audiences of, 13–14, 117–18; charity and, 180, 218–19, 273–74; class politics and, 276–82; European culture and, 32–34; impresarios and, 167, 193–96, 225–29, 232–35, 237, 245, 247–48, 250–57, 272–76; language politics and, 152–63, 167, 190–91, 203–4, 251, 269; law and, 238–50, 254–59, 263–67; loyalism and, 179–86; modernity and, 11–13, 32; official sanctioning of, 244–57; patriotism and, 21, 32, 48, 125–26, 160–65, 179–86, 194–96, 236–37, 289–91; privatization of, 250–51; public spaces and, 2, 94–111; theatrical associations and, 273; translations of, 154–55, 168–69, 171–72, 227

poetry, 11, 21, 24–25, 47, 57, 63, 66, 68–71, 75–79, 89, 93, 148, 150–52, 206, 209–11

Politeama, 226

political Arabism, 7

Port Said, 192

The Present of Egyptians (ʿUmar), 270

primogeniture, 50, 61–63, 68, 81–82

print technology, 43–44, 82, 88, 126–27, 130–31, 133, 141–42, 191, 263–67

Private Domains, 94, 95n75, 108–11, 257, 275

proverbs, 21

al-Qabbānī, Abū Khalīl, 215, 218–19, 233, 235, 238, 251, 253, 265, 277

al-Qāhira, 213, 218

Qardāḥī, Christine, 189, 192, 226, 233

Qardāḥī, Sulaymān, 165, 188–204, 214–37, 245, 251–53, 262, 277, 286–87, 304–6

al-Qāsimī, Muḥammad Saʿīd, 31

Qaṭṭāwī, Moses, 251

al-Qawwās (play), 156

Quinze jours de siège (play), 257

Rifaat, Samir, 100n33

al-Rāfiʿī, Abd al-Raḥmān, 5, 56n28, 63, 289

Rāghib, Aḥmad Efendi, 108

al-Rajabī, Khalīl Aḥmad, 39

Ramaḍān, al-Sayyid Salīm, 166

Rancy, Théodore, 91

ranks, 64–67, 116

Rāshid, Muḥammad, 88

Rawḍat al-Madāris al Miṣriyya, 131–32, 141–42, 145–47, 170, 172

Re, Lucia, 116

revolutions, 164–65, 172–79, 186–87, 189–91, 205–12, 235–37, 259–60, 266, 298

Reyer, Ernest, 118

Riḍā, Rashīd, 7, 260, 265–66

Rigoletto (Verdi), 84

Ring Theatre, 244

Ristori, Adelaide, 85

Riyaz, Mustafa, 81, 174–75, 178–79, 184, 204, 213–14, 241, 290–94

Robinson, Paul, 116

Roman Catholic Charitable Society, 272

Romania, 48–49, 64

Romano, Mūrād, 216

Rushdī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, 246, 252–53

Russia, 15, 173, 260

Russian-Ottoman wars, 172, 175–76, 180–81, 286

Ryzova, Lucie, 271, 275, 278

Ṣabrī, Ismāʿīl, 281

Sacred Harmonic Society, 115

Sadgrove, Philip, 33, 102n111, 145, 161, 168

Said, Edward, 116

Said Pasha, 44–48, 50, 56–57, 59, 62, 68–69, 85, 102–4, 130, 192, 293

Sajdi, Dana, 31

Sakīna, 68

Salim, Latif, 213

Sālim, Laṭīfa Muḥammad, 165

al-Salīṭ al-Ḥasūd (Naqqāsh), 171

Santi Boni, 215–17, 226–27, 246, 252–53

Sanua, James, 126, 153–54, 156–63, 168–72, 175–76, 180, 193, 256, 263, 277, 304

Ṣayd al-Ḥamām, 264

al-Sayyid, Aḥmad Luṭfī, 301

Schiller, Friedrich, 90

Schölch, Alexander, 165

Scotta, Giovanni, 108n153

Second Constitutional Period (Ottoman Empire), 6

Şehname-yi Osmani, 31

Selim, Samah, 183, 271

Selim I, 19

Semiramis (opera), 125, 158

Settle, Henry, 243

Shafīq, Aḥmad, 279

Shāhīn Pasha, 176–77

Shāhīn Shāhīn, 244

Shakūr, Yūsuf, 275

Shalfūn, Buṭrus, 171

sharīʿa, 30, 127–28, 149, 259–63

Shārūbīm, Mīkhāʾīl, 268, 290, 297

Shaw, Stanford and Ezel, 37

Ṣiddīq, Ismāʿīl, 53, 68, 70–72, 78–79, 88, 126–27, 130, 157, 164, 176

Ṣidqī, Ismāʿīl, 275–76, 296

Simond, Fred W., 250

Sirrī, Ismāʿīl, 246

Société Théatrale et Artistique du Caire, 251

Society of Benevolent Intentions, 272

Society of Refined Education, 273

solidarity, 2, 10, 14, 21, 32, 74, 175, 179–86, 197, 237, 269–70, 295–98

songs, 21, 30–34, 42–48, 77–81, 85–89, 171–72, 181–82, 215, 225–28, 236–37, 297

Soschino, 215–17, 246, 252–53

Soulet, Jacques, 108

Stagni, Luigi, 250

Stephanov, Darin, 30

strikes, 192

Suarès, Raphael, 251

Sudan, 4–5, 57n42, 68, 116, 192, 205

Suez Canal, 44–45, 56, 60, 84, 86, 90, 92, 96, 102, 113, 257

Sulaymān, Ḥusayn, 258

Şura-i Askeri, 55

surveillance, 256–63

Syria (as Syrian provinces), 6, 22–29, 45, 68, 116, 165–72, 208, 234, 260, 273, 306

Syrian Orthodox Society, 272

Tahir Pasha, Ahmed, 90

al-Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿa Rāfiʿ, 40–42, 44–48, 66, 69, 71, 73–76, 125–26, 129, 147–50, 220

al-Tankīt wa-l-Tabkīt, 185

Tanzimat, 36–37, 48, 55

Taqlā, Bishāra, 272

Taqlā, Salīm, 208

Tartuffe (play), 152

Tasting the Branch in Its Root through the Love of the Homeland (Fahmī), 151

Tauber, Eliezer, 10

Tawfīq Charitable Society, 272

Taymūriyya, ʿĀʾisha, 210–11

al-Ṭāʾif, 191

temporality, 9–10, 12, 286

territory, 302, 305; patriotism and, 5–6, 162–63

Tevfik Pasha: Arabic representations of, 187; as audience member, 184–85, 217–18, 227–28, 253, 280–81, 287; Britain’s relation to, 15, 178, 203–10; death of, 268, 289; elites and, 164–65, 241; patriotism and, 182, 217, 224–25, 236–37; primogeniture and, 61, 64n95, 81–82; revolutions and, 192–97, 201, 206–12, 235–37, 259–60

Tevhide Hanim, 62, 79, 114, 150

Tharwat, ʿAbd al-Khāliq, 275

theater. See khedivate; opera; plays

Le Théâtre International, 231

Théâtre Ismail, 162

Théâtre Ismaïl, 97

Théâtre National, 159

Thénard, Louis-Jacques, 101

al-Tijāra, 172, 179

Tilīmāk, 191, 216, 220, 223

Toledano, Ehud, 6–8, 34, 36–37, 37n95, 38, 54, 62

“To Serve Kings Is to Praise Kings” (Nadīm), 151–52

Ṭrād, Asʿad, 213

translations. See language

Les trois Horaces et les trois Curiaces (Corneille), 167

Tunis, 4, 8, 47–49, 174, 179

Turkish (language), 7–9, 80–81, 130, 154–55

Tusun (son of Said Pasha), 47, 58, 61

Ulman, Victor, 248

ʿUmar, Muḥammad, 270–71

unisonality, 13, 44–48, 77–81, 85–89, 218–19

Unsī, Muḥammad, 125–26, 133, 141, 144, 150–63, 169, 171–72, 180, 220, 304

ʿUrābī, Aḥmad, 151, 164–65, 184–97, 204–12, 217, 227, 235–37, 259–60, 290

urbanism, 13, 84–89, 255–57

al-Ustādh, 294

ʿUthmān Jalāl, Muḥammad, 47, 69–70, 145, 152–53, 155n118, 234, 280

Verdi, Giuseppe, 14, 78, 84, 111–12, 116–19

Verger, Amédée, 91

vertical patriotism, 126

Viardot, Louis, 298

Vivian, Hussey Crespigny, 242

Voltaire, 43

Wade, Seymour, 231–32

Wādī al-Nīl (journal and printing press), 96, 126, 131–45, 143, 146, 148–50, 155, 158

Wahbī, Tadros, 147

Walker, Dennis, 299n144

Wallachia, 48–49, 64

Wāmiq Pasha, 33–34

al-Waqāʾiʿ al-Miṣriyya, 39, 63, 69, 96, 131, 179

al-Wardī, ʿAlī, 27

Wāṣif, Maḥmūd, 223–24, 269, 277, 301

waṭaniyya (concept), 6, 10–11. See patriotism

al-Waṭan wa-Ṭāliʿ al-Tawfīq (Nadīm), 182–84, 191, 208, 236, 272

Watenpaugh, Keith, 305

Wendell, Charles, 73–74

Wishnitzer, Avner, 9

Wolff, Henry Drummond, 282–83, 287

women, 2, 50, 53–54, 58–63, 115–16, 182–83, 189

Xristofidis, Pavlos. See Draneht, Paul

Yalman, Nur, 61

al-Yāsirjī, Aḥmad, 187

Yaʿsūb al-Ṭibb, 131n32

al-Yāzijī, Nāṣīf, 25, 166

Young Ottomans, 63, 76, 234

Yousef, Hoda, 146

Yūsuf (play), 265

Yūsuf, Buṭrus, 108

Zachs, Fruma, 34

Zaghlūl, Saʿd, 205, 213, 270, 275

Zaghlūl, Aḥmad Fatḥī, 270

Zakī, Aḥmad, 290

Zaki, Mehmed, 246

al-Ẓalūm (play), 171, 273

al-Zamān, 191, 213

Zanūbiyā, 216

Zaydān, Jurjī, 167, 208, 220

Zayn, Zayn, 213

Zeki, Mehmed, 204

Zervudachi, Despina, 100n33

zevat, 34–35, 37–38, 44–45, 53–54, 58, 60, 71, 80–81, 129–30, 172, 186, 209, 270

Zeynep (daughter of Mehmed Ali), 36–37, 54–56

Zifāf ʿAntar (play), 191

Zizinia Theater, 85, 94, 180, 182, 184, 235, 241–42, 260, 262, 272, 280–81

Zurayb Bey, 279