Contents

Preface

PART ONE: SCHOOL AND SOCIETY

CHAPTER 1 The History and Political Goals of Public Schooling

Education Goals Are Controversial

Historical Goals of Schooling

Common Core State Standards Common Core State Standards: Protected or Prepared Childhood?

Impact of Educational Goals: Common Core Standards and Literacy

Political Goals of Schooling

Should Schools Teach Political Values and Patriotism?

Censorship and American Political Values

Courts and Political Values

The Fruits of Political Education

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 2 The Social Goals of Schooling

The Problem of Determining Moral Values: Religion and Secularism

Moral Values and Sex Education

School Values: LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning Sexual Orientation)

Character Education

Do Public Schools Reduce Crime?

School Crime: Student Violence

School Crime: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Promoting National Health: Nutrition

Promoting National Health: Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Building Community Through Extra-curricular Activities

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 3 Education And Equality of Opportunity

Schools and Equality of Opportunity

School Models for Equality of Opportunity

Testing and Skills as Predictors of Economic Conditions

Education and Income

Labor Market Bias: White Privilege: Gender, Race, Educational Attainment, and Income

Are Schools Contributing To The Rich Getting Richer and The Poor Getting Poorer?

Rich and Poor School Districts

Social Class and At-Risk Students

The End of the American Dream: School Dropouts

Tracking and Ability Grouping

Social Reproduction

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 4 The Economic Goals of Schooling: Human Capital, Global Economy, and Preschool

Human Capital Theory

Schooling and the Global Knowledge Economy

The Human Capital Education Paradigm and Lifelong Learning

Can Investment in Schools Grow the Economy?

Preschool, Human Capital Theory, and Soft Skills

The Perry Preschool Study

Child-rearing and Social and Cultural Capital

Family Learning and School Success

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 5 Equality of Educational Opportunity: Race, Gender, and Special Needs

The Legal Problem in Defining Race

Defining Race after the 1965 Immigration Act

The Census and Race

The Fourteenth Amendment and Equality of Educational Opportunity

Desegregating Schools

School Segregation Today

Equal Education for Women

Students with Disabilities

Public Law 94–142: Education For All Handicapped Children Act

Disability Categories

Writing an IEP

Inclusion

UNESCO and Inclusion

Inclusion and No Child Left Behind

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 6 Student Diversity

Global Migration and the Immigration Acts of 1965 and 1990

Mexican American Students and U.S. Schools

Native American Students and U.S. Schools

Asian American Students and U.S. Schools

Educational Attainment of Immigrants

Languages and Schools

Languages of School-age Children

Are U.S. Teachers Prepared for Language Diversity?

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 7 Multicultural and Multilingual Education

Global Migration of the World’s Peoples

Cultural Differences in Knowing and Seeing the World

Biculturalism: Collectivist and Individualist Societies

The Differences among Dominant, Dominated, and Immigrant Cultures

Dominated Cultures: John Ogbu

Empowerment through Multicultural Education: James Banks, Sonia Nieto, and Critical Pedagogy

Empowerment through Multicultural Education: Racism

Teaching an Anti-bias and Tolerance Curricula

Empowerment through Multicultural Education: Sexism

Educating for Economic Power: Lisa Delpit

Ethnocentric Education

Bilingual Education and English Language Acquisition: No Child Left Behind

The End of Bilingual and Multicultural Education: English Language Acquisition Act of 2001 and the Common Core State Standards

Globalization: Language and Cultural Rights

Global Responses to Education of Linguistic and Cultural Minorities

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

PART TWO: POWER AND CONTROL IN AMERICAN EDUCATION

CHAPTER 8 Local Control, Choice, Charter Schools, and Home Schooling

The Education Chair

School Boards

School Choice

School Choice and Religion

National Public School Choice Plan: No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Charter Schools

For-profit Global Education Corporations

Home Schooling

Online and Distance Learning

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 9 Power and Control at State and National Levels

Federal Influence Over Local School Policies

Categorical Federal Aid

No Child Left Behind

Race to the Top

Student Privacy and Big Data

Common Core State Standards

Federal and State Control Through High-stakes Tests and Academic Standards

Federal and State Mandated Tests and Equality of Opportunity

Does Federally Mandated High-stakes Testing Work? Is There a Lack of Longitudinal Research?

Does Federal Testing Policy Promote Unethical Behavior? Is Test Cheating Increasing?

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 10 The Profession of Teaching

The Changing Roles of American Teachers

No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top: Highly Qualified Teachers

The Rewards of Teaching

Teacher Turnover

Teachers’ Unions and Teacher Politics

A Brief History of the National Education Association (NEA)

A Brief History of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)

Performance-based Pay

Assault on Teachers’ Unions’ Collective Bargaining Rights

Should Teachers Strike?

Teachers’ Rights

Teachers’ Liability

Teachers’ Private Lives

Conclusion

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

CHAPTER 11 Globalization of Education

Dominant Global Educational Ideology: Human Capital and Consumerism

Skills: The New Global Currency

OECD and Human Capital Theory

World Bank and Human Capital Education Theory

Global Education Business

Global Business and Global Testing Services: Standardization of Subjects and Global Intercultural English

Shadow Education Industry and Cram Schools

Franchising the Shadow Education System

Conclusion: Long Life and Happiness

Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter

Index