A Companion to Arthurian Literature by Fulton, Helen -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture Title page Copyright page List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction: Theories and Debates

The Question of Historicity Chronicle, Romance, Fantasy The Politics of Arthur in the Modern World Remediations of Arthur A Note on Spelling and Translations

Part I: The Arthur of History

1 The End of Roman Britain and the Coming of the Saxons: An Archaeological Context for Arthur?

Gildas and the History of Britain in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries The Archaeology of Britain in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries Germanic Settlement Towns The Celtic West Tintagel Cadbury Castle Dinas Powys Western and Northern England Conclusion

2 Early Latin Sources: Fragments of a Pseudo-Historical Arthur

The Historia Brittonum The Annales Cambriae Genealogy Hagiographies Conclusion

3 History and Myth: Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae

The Historia as History Manuscripts and Sources The Arthurian Section of the Historia The Myth of Arthur

4 The Chronicle Tradition

Part II: Celtic Origins of the Arthurian Legend

5 The Historical Context: Wales and England 800–1200

Britain at the Opening of the Ninth Century England and Wales in the Ninth to Eleventh Centuries The Coming of the Normans “Native” and Norman Cultures The Poets and the Princes

6 Arthur and Merlin in Early Welsh Literature: Fantasy and Magic Naturalism

Arthur as Warrior-Hero Arthur in Welsh Popular Tradition Fantasy and Magic Naturalism The Three Merlins

7 The Arthurian Legend in Scotland and Cornwall

Scottish Chronicles and Arthurian Tradition Folk Tradition and the Figure of Arthur The Arthur of Romance Cornwall Place Names, Personal Names, and the Oldest Strata of Arthurian Legends Conclusion

8 Arthur and the Irish 9 Migrating Narratives: Peredur, Owain, and Geraint

The Manuscript History Welsh and French Traditions Date and Provenance

Part III: Continental Arthurian Traditions

10 The “Matter of Britain” on the Continent and the Legend of Tristan and Iseult in France, Italy, and Spain

France and Occitania Italy Spain and Portugal

11 Chrétien de Troyes and the Invention of Arthurian Courtly Fiction

The Author and his Works Chrétien and his Sources Erec et Enide: The First Arthurian Romance Cligès: Carrying Romance from Britain to Byzantium and Beyond Le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot): The Queen’s Lover Yvain or the Knight of the Lion: Protecting the Fountain Le Conte du Graal: Perceval’s Education and the Grail Chrétien’s Legacy

12 The Allure of Otherworlds: The Arthurian Romances in Germany 13 Scandinavian Versions of Arthurian Romance

Trends in Scholarship Arthur of the Norse Saga and Romance: Form and Ideology The Later Middle Ages

14 The Grail and French Arthurian Romance

Chrétien de Troyes and Robert de Boron Perlesvaus La Queste del Saint Graal and the Vulgate Cycle The Post-Vulgate Roman du Graal Perceforest Conclusion

Part IV: Arthur in Medieval English Literature

15 The English Brut Tradition

Geoffrey of Monmouth: Enter Brutus Wace Layamon: A Landmark Account The Return to Prose Chronicle and Romance

16 Arthurian Romance in English Popular Tradition: Sir Percyvell of Gales, Sir Cleges, and Sir Launfal

Sir Percyvell of Gales Sir Cleges Sir Launfal

17 English Chivalry and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Manuscript and Provenance The Plot English Chivalry – French Romance – British Otherness Critiquing Chivalry

18 Sir Gawain in Middle English Romance

The Heroic Gawain of Chronicle Tradition The Fallible Gawain of Chivalric Romance The Exemplary Gawain of Popular Romance Conclusion

19 The Medieval English Tristan

Part V: From Medieval to Medievalism

20 Malory’s Morte Darthur and History

The Identity of Thomas Malory Malory and Politics The Ethics of Knighthood The Morte in its Time The “Historical” Arthur and the Nature of the Past Nostalgia and Trauma

21 Malory’s Lancelot and Guenevere

Lancelot and Guenevere in the English Arthurian Tradition “The Olde Love” “A Trew Lover” “A Good Ende”

22 Malory and the Quest for the Holy Grail 23 The Arthurian Legend in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

The Historicity of Arthur after the Middle Ages Scottish Chronicles Arthurian Topography Arthur on Stage Merlin and Prophecy Spenser’s Faerie Queene and Arthurian Romance and Epic Ballads Conclusion

24 Scholarship and Popular Culture in the Nineteenth Century

The Antiquarian Rediscovery of Romance Arthur in Scholarship, History, and Popular Culture to 1850 Arthurian Expansion in the Later Nineteenth Century

25 Arthur in Victorian Poetry 26 King Arthur in Art

Medieval Arthurian Imagery and the Church Late Medieval Arthurian Art: Images of Magnificence Images of Arthur in the Post-Medieval World The Pre-Raphaelites and Arthurian Art

Part VI: Arthur in the Modern Age

27 A Postmodern Subject in Camelot: Mark Twain’s (Re)Vision of Malory’s Morte Darthur in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court

Mark Twain and American Medievalism Twain’s Camelot Twain, Republicanism, and Contemporary Britain First-Person Polyphony: Hank Morgan as Postmodern Subject The “Triumph” of Technology

28 T. H. White’s The Once and Future King 29 Modernist Arthur: The Welsh Revival

The Celtic Revival and the Rediscovery of Arthur David Jones and Welsh writing in English T. Gwynn Jones and Writing in Welsh A Post-Colonial Welsh Hero

30 Historical Fiction and the Post-Imperial Arthur 31 Feminism and the Fantasy Tradition: The Mists of Avalon

The Fantasy Tradition Fantasy and Feminism Marion Zimmer Bradley: The Mists of Avalon Conclusion

Part VII: Arthur on Film

32 Remediating Arthur 33 Arthur’s American Round Table: The Hollywood Tradition

“Is the Grail in New York City?”: Class, Civic Virtue, and National Identity Bringing Camelot Up-to-Date: Hollywood Yankees in King Arthur’s Court Defending Arthur: American Chivalric Romance Camelot, America, and the New Jerusalem: Arthurian Chronicles

34 The Art of Arthurian Cinema

Lancelot du Lac Perceval le Gallois Excalibur Literature and Culture

35 Digital Divagations in a Hyperreal Camelot: Antoine Fuqua’s King Arthur

The Desire for Origins: The Seven Sarmatians Seven Samurai Meets Alexander Nevsky Romancing Genetics Playing (with) the Legend

Index

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