High-Performance Browser Networking by Grigorik, Ilya -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

High-Performance Browser Networking Foreword Preface

About This Book Conventions Used in This Book Safari® Books Online How to Contact Us

I. Networking 101

1. Primer on Latency and Bandwidth

Speed Is a Feature The Many Components of Latency Speed of Light and Propagation Latency Last-Mile Latency Bandwidth in Core Networks Bandwidth at the Network Edge Delivering Higher Bandwidth and Lower Latencies

2. Building Blocks of TCP

Three-Way Handshake Congestion Avoidance and Control

Flow Control Slow-Start Congestion Avoidance

Bandwidth-Delay Product Head-of-Line Blocking Optimizing for TCP

Tuning Server Configuration Tuning Application Behavior Performance Checklist

3. Building Blocks of UDP

Null Protocol Services UDP and Network Address Translators

Connection-State Timeouts NAT Traversal STUN, TURN, and ICE

Optimizing for UDP

4. Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Encryption, Authentication, and Integrity TLS Handshake

Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Server Name Indication (SNI)

TLS Session Resumption

Session Identifiers Session Tickets

Chain of Trust and Certificate Authorities Certificate Revocation

Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)

TLS Record Protocol Optimizing for TLS

Computational Costs Early Termination Session Caching and Stateless Resumption TLS Record Size TLS Compression Certificate-Chain Length OCSP Stapling HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

Performance Checklist Testing and Verification

II. Performance of Wireless Networks

5. Introduction to Wireless Networks

Ubiquitous Connectivity Types of Wireless Networks Performance Fundamentals of Wireless Networks

Bandwidth Signal Power Modulation

Measuring Real-World Wireless Performance

6. WiFi

From Ethernet to a Wireless LAN WiFi Standards and Features Measuring and Optimizing WiFi Performance

Packet Loss in WiFi Networks

Optimizing for WiFi Networks

Leverage Unmetered Bandwidth Adapt to Variable Bandwidth Adapt to Variable Latency

7. Mobile Networks

Brief History of the G’s

First Data Services with 2G 3GPP and 3GPP2 Partnerships Evolution of 3G Technologies

Evolution of 3GPP technologies Evolution of 3GPP2 technologies

IMT-Advanced 4G Requirements Long Term Evolution (LTE) HSPA+ is Leading Worldwide 4G Adoption Building for the Multigeneration Future

Device Features and Capabilities

User Equipment Category

Radio Resource Controller (RRC)

3G, 4G, and WiFi Power Requirements LTE RRC State Machine HSPA and HSPA+ (UMTS) RRC State Machine EV-DO (CDMA) RRC State Machine Inefficiency of Periodic Transfers

End-to-End Carrier Architecture

Radio Access Network (RAN) Core Network (CN) Backhaul Capacity and Latency

Packet Flow in a Mobile Network

Initiating a Request Inbound Data Flow

Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) Real-World 3G, 4G, and WiFi Performance

8. Optimizing for Mobile Networks

Preserve Battery Power Eliminate Periodic and Inefficient Data Transfers

Eliminate Unnecessary Application Keepalives

Anticipate Network Latency Overhead

Account for RRC State Transitions Decouple User Interactions from Network Communication

Design for Variable Network Interface Availability Burst Your Data and Return to Idle Offload to WiFi Networks Apply Protocol and Application Best Practices

III. HTTP

9. Brief History of HTTP

HTTP 0.9: The One-Line Protocol HTTP 1.0: Rapid Growth and Informational RFC HTTP 1.1: Internet Standard HTTP 2.0: Improving Transport Performance

10. Primer on Web Performance

Hypertext, Web Pages, and Web Applications Anatomy of a Modern Web Application

Speed, Performance, and Human Perception Analyzing the Resource Waterfall

Performance Pillars: Computing, Rendering, Networking

More Bandwidth Doesn’t Matter (Much) Latency as a Performance Bottleneck

Synthetic and Real-User Performance Measurement Browser Optimization

11. HTTP 1.X

Benefits of Keepalive Connections HTTP Pipelining Using Multiple TCP Connections Domain Sharding Measuring and Controlling Protocol Overhead Concatenation and Spriting Resource Inlining

12. HTTP 2.0

History and Relationship to SPDY The Road to HTTP 2.0 Design and Technical Goals

Binary Framing Layer Streams, Messages, and Frames Request and Response Multiplexing Request Prioritization One Connection Per Origin Flow Control Server Push

Implementing HTTP 2.0 server push

Header Compression Efficient HTTP 2.0 Upgrade and Discovery

Brief Introduction to Binary Framing

Initiating a New Stream Sending Application Data Analyzing HTTP 2.0 Frame Data Flow

13. Optimizing Application Delivery

Evergreen Performance Best Practices

Cache Resources on the Client Compress Transferred Data Eliminate Unnecessary Request Bytes Parallelize Request and Response Processing

Optimizing for HTTP 1.x Optimizing for HTTP 2.0

Removing 1.x Optimizations Dual-Protocol Application Strategies Translating 1.x to 2.0 and Back Evaluating Server Quality and Performance Speaking 2.0 with and without TLS Load Balancers, Proxies, and Application Servers

IV. Browser APIs and Protocols

14. Primer on Browser Networking

Connection Management and Optimization Network Security and Sandboxing Resource and Client State Caching Application APIs and Protocols

15. XMLHttpRequest

Brief History of XHR Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) Downloading Data with XHR Uploading Data with XHR Monitoring Download and Upload Progress Streaming Data with XHR Real-Time Notifications and Delivery

Polling with XHR Long-Polling with XHR

XHR Use Cases and Performance

16. Server-Sent Events (SSE)

EventSource API Event Stream Protocol SSE Use Cases and Performance

17. WebSocket

WebSocket API

WS and WSS URL Schemes Receiving Text and Binary Data Sending Text and Binary Data Subprotocol Negotiation

WebSocket Protocol

Binary Framing Layer Protocol Extensions HTTP Upgrade Negotiation

WebSocket Use Cases and Performance

Request and Response Streaming Message Overhead Data Efficiency and Compression Custom Application Protocols Deploying WebSocket Infrastructure

Performance Checklist

18. WebRTC

Standards and Development of WebRTC Audio and Video Engines

Acquiring Audio and Video with getUserMedia

Real-Time Network Transports

Brief Introduction to RTCPeerConnection API

Establishing a Peer-to-Peer Connection

Signaling and Session Negotiation Session Description Protocol (SDP) Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) Incremental Provisioning (Trickle ICE) Tracking ICE Gathering and Connectivity Status Putting It All Together

Initiating a WebRTC connection Responding to a WebRTC connection

Delivering Media and Application Data

Secure Communication with DTLS Delivering Media with SRTP and SRTCP Delivering application data with SCTP

DataChannel

Setup and Negotiation Configuring Message Order and Reliability Partially Reliable Delivery and Message Size

WebRTC Use Cases and Performance

Audio, Video, and Data Streaming Multiparty Architectures Infrastructure and Capacity Planning Data Efficiency and Compression

Performance Checklist

Index About the Author Colophon Copyright

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