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Index
Cover
Half title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Illustrations
Tables
Preface
Abbreviations
PART I
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Two Questions
Methods of Analysis
CHAPTER 2: The Rise of a New Norm
The Changing Normative Environment
Contestation
Increased Supply and Demand
The Popularization of Monitoring
Monitoring Today: Organizational Variation
Summary
CHAPTER 3: The Shadow Market
Disagreements about Contested Elections
Who Invites Whom?
Discussion
CHAPTER 4: What Influences Monitors’ Assessments?
Analyzing Summary Monitor Assessments
Five Types of Bias
Discussion
CHAPTER 5: Do Politicians Change Tactics to Evade Criticism?
What Constitutes Evidence of a Monitor-Induced Shift?
What Are the Safer Forms of Cheating?
Data: The Varieties of Irregularities
The Record
Discussion
PART II
CHAPTER 6: International Monitors as Reinforcement
Altering Incentives to Cheat
Altering Domestic Conditions
If It Works, When Should It Work?
Summary
CHAPTER 7: Are Monitored Elections Better?
Measures of Election Quality
An Overview of the Record
Statistical Analysis
Discussion
CHAPTER 8: Long-Term Effects
Selection of Countries and Method of Analysis
Do International Monitors Improve Elections Over Time?
When Do Countries Follow the Recommendations of International Monitors?
Discussion
CONCLUSION: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Do Monitors Assess Elections Accurately and Objectively?
Do Monitors Improve the Quality of Elections?
Closing Thoughts
Appendix A: Data Description
Two Datasets
Variables
Appendix B: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 3
Appendix C: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 4
Dependent Variable
Analysis
Appendix D: Statistical Supplement to Chapter 7 with Mark Buntaine
Additional Description of Matching Process
Appendix E: Case Summaries with Kiril Kolev
Albania: The Importance of Leverage
Armenia: Paper Compliance
Bangladesh: Slowly but Surely?
Bulgaria: Motivated but Slow
El Salvador: International Meddling for Both Good and Bad
Georgia: Not So Rosy
Guyana: Uphill Battle
Indonesia: A Sluggish Behemoth
Kenya: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
Lesotho: Deadlock
Mexico: Constructive Engagement
Nicaragua: Excessive Meddling and Deal Making
Panama: Both a Will and a Way
Russia: Goliath Beats David
South Africa: Remarkably Unremarkable
Notes
References
Index
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