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Index
Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright List of contributors Preface The Esophagus
Chapter 1: Esophageal Function Testing
Disorders of Esophageal Function Diagnostic Tests for Esophageal Diseases Summary Acknowledgment
Chapter 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Introduction Operative Indications Preoperative Evaluation Surgical Treatment Options Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique Potential Operative Pitfalls Postoperative Care Common Postoperative Problems Reoperative Fundoplication Emerging Surgical Therapies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Chapter 3: Endoluminal Approaches to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Introduction Preoperative Considerations Outcomes Assessment Stretta EsophyX Future Methods Summary
Chapter 4: The Management of Barrett's Esophagus
Introduction Clinical Impact Clinical Features Treatment of Nondysplastic Barrett's Esophagus Treatment of Dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus Summary
Chapter 5: Endoscopic Treatment of Barrett's Esophagus
Introduction Histologic Features of Barrett's Esophagus Surveillance Algorithm for Barrett's Esophagus Endoscopic Ablation Therapies Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Summary
Chapter 6: Paraesophageal Hernia
Definition Clinical Manifestation Pathophisiology Therapy Insights and Controversies in Paraesophageal Hernia Surgery Results Summary
Chapter 7: The Management of Pharyngeal Esophageal (Zenker's) Diverticula
Introduction History Etiology Symptoms Diagnosis Indications for Surgery Operative Technique Postoperative Care Results Conclusion
Chapter 8: The Management of Achalasia of the Esophagus
Background Diagnosis Medical Therapy Surgical Treatment Further Discussion Summary Acknowledgment
Chapter 9: Disorders of Esophageal Motility
Introduction Classes of Esophageal Motility Disorders
Chapter 10: The Management of Esophageal Carcinoma
Assessment of the Extent of Disease and Selection of Treatment Options Treatment Conclusions
Chapter 11: Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy of Esophageal Cancer
Introduction Part I: Definition of Local-Regional Advanced Esophageal Cancer Part II: Management of Local-Regional Advanced Esophageal Cancers Summary
Chapter 12: Esophageal Stents
Indications Historical Aspects Stent Design Clinical Evaluation and Technique Complications Special Considerations Conclusions
Chapter 13: Esophageal Perforation
Initial Therapy Management Decisions Special Situations
The Stomach
Chapter 14: The Management of Benign Gastric Ulcer
Introduction Etiology Presentation and Diagnosis Gastric Ulcer Types and Location Surgical Technique Reconstruction Techniques
Chapter 15: The Management of Duodenal Ulcers
Introduction Medical Management of Duodenal Ulcers Surgical Management of Duodenal Ulcers
Chapter 16: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Introduction Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Outcomes and Prognosis Postoperative Surveillance Areas of Controversies Conclusion
Chapter 17: Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
History Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Associated Conditions Diagnoses and Outcomes Treatment Surgery Summary
Chapter 18: Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Introduction Surgery D2 Lymphadenectomy Technique for Subtotal/Distal Gastrectomy D2 Lymphadenectomy Technique for Total Gastrectomy Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy Follow-Up Summary
Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Introduction Pathologic Features Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Prognostic Factors Therapy for Primary Disease Therapy for Advanced Disease Surveillance Conclusion
Chapter 20: Morbid Obesity
Overview Patient Selection Operative Procedures Outcomes and Complications
Small Bowel
Chapter 21: Small Bowel Obstruction
Overview Evaluation and Diagnosis Nonoperative Management Operative Management
Chapter 22: The Management of Crohn's Disease of the Small Bowel
Overview Medical Management Indications for Surgical Management
Chapter 23: Strictureplasty in Crohn's Disease
Introduction Overview Strictureplasty Techniques Results Summary Acknowledgment
Chapter 24: The Management of Small Bowel Tumors
Overview Carcinoid/Neuroendocrine Tumors Adenocarcinoma Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Metastases Benign Tumors
Chapter 25: The Management of Diverticulosis of the Small Bowel
Duodenal Diverticula Jejuno-Ileal Diverticular Disease Meckel's Diverticulum Summary
Chapter 26: Motility Disorders of the Stomach and Small Bowel
Overview Motility Disorders of the Stomach Motility Disorders of the Small Intestine
Chapter 27: The Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
Introduction Initial Management of the Abdominal Catastrophe That Leads to Short Bowel Syndrome Indications for Surgical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome Longitudinal Intestinal Lengthening and Tailoring Serial Transverse Enteroplasty Procedure Conclusion
Chapter 28: The Management of Enterocutaneous Fistulas
Overview Definition and Etiology Presentation Physiologic Effect and Complications Management Surgical Management Summary
Large Bowel
Chapter 29: Preoperative Bowel Preparation: Is it Really Necessary?
Overview Historical Background Mechanism of Action of Oral Antimicrobial Agents Mechanical Bowel Preparation Is Mechanical Bowel Preparation Still Warranted? Summary
Chapter 30: The Management of Diverticular Disease of the Colon
Diverticulitis: Clinical Presentation Management Summary and Conclusion Diverticular Bleeding
Chapter 31: The Management of Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Introduction Indications for Surgical Therapy Surgical Options Indications for a Subtotal Colectomy Surgical Procedures Conclusion
Chapter 32: The Management of Toxic Megacolon
Overview Incidence and Etiology Diagnosis Therapy Outcomes Summary
Chapter 33: Crohn's Colitis
Introduction Clinical Features Diagnosis Treatment Stricture/Obstruction Perforation, Fistulae, and Abscess Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Severe Colitis/Fulminant Colitis/Toxic Megacolon Extracolonic Manifestations of Crohn's Disease Operations for Crohn's Colitis Emergent Operation Segmental Colectomy Ileorectal Anastomosis Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy Proctectomy The Role of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery for Crohn's Colitis
Chapter 34: Ischemic Colitis
Overview Anatomic Considerations Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Summary
Chapter 35: The Management of Clostridium Difficile Colitis
Overview Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile Infection Medical Treatment Surgery Recurrent Infection Clostridium Difficile Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Conclusion
Chapter 36: Large Bowel Obstruction
Overview Obstructions as a Result of Cancer Obstructions as a Result of Inflammation Obstructions as a Result of Colonic Volvulus Obstructions as a Result of Intussusception Obstructions as a Result of Hernia Obstructions as a Result of Ogilvie's Syndrome (PseudoObstruction) Conclusion
Chapter 37: Colonic Stenting
Introduction Technique Complications Outcomes Summary
Chapter 38: Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie's Syndrome)
Introduction Presentation and Diagnosis Management Summary
Chapter 39: The Management of Colonic Volvulus
Overview Sigmoid Volvulus Cecal Volvulus Transverse Colon Volvulus Splenic Flexure Volvulus
Chapter 40: Rectal Prolapse
Etiology and Presentation Evaluation Treatment Summary
Chapter 41: The Management of Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
Clinical Findings Diagnosis Histologic Findings Etiology Treatment
Chapter 42: Surgical Management of Constipation
Etiology and Workup Obstructed Defecation Syndrome Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection Slow-Transit Constipation Antegrade Colonic Enemas Sacral Nerve Stimulation Ostomy Creation Summary
Chapter 43: Radiation Injury to the Small and Large Bowel
Overview Radiation Dose Tolerance to the Small Intestine and Rectum Pathophysiology of Radiation to the Intestinal Tract Management of Radiation Enteritis Management of Radiation Proctitis Prevention of Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis
Chapter 44: Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes
Introduction Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes Genetics Surgical Therapy Medical Therapy Extracolonic Disease Hamartomatous Polyposis Types Conclusion Acknowledgment
Chapter 45: Colon Cancer
Background and Epidemiology Screening Recommendations Presentation, Diagnosis, and Workup Surgical Resection and Staging Open Versus Laparoscopic Colectomy Challenging and Complicated Cases Adjuvant Treatment Surveillance and Follow-Up
Chapter 46: The Management of Rectal Cancer
Introduction Diagnosis Treatment Approach by Stage Surgical Therapy
Chapter 47: Tumors of the Anal Canal
General Considerations Squamous Neoplasms Adenocarcinoma Melanoma Neuroendocrine Tumors Mesenchymal Tumors Malignant Lymphoma
Chapter 48: The Use of Positron Emission Tomographic Scanning in the Management of Colorectal Cancer
Introduction Background Detection of Colorectal Cancer Screening for Colorectal Cancer Tumor Staging and Treatment Planning Assessment of Tumor Response Recurrent Colorectal Cancer Summary
Chapter 49: The Use of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment for Colorectal Cancer
Overview Staging Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer
Chapter 50: The Management of Colorectal Polyps
Overview Histopathology and Natural History of Polyps Colonoscopic Polypectomy Approach to the Malignant Polyp
Chapter 51: Management of Peritoneal Surface Malignancy
Introduction Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Peritoneal Metastases From Appendiceal Malignancy Peritoneal Metastases of Colorectal Origin Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Peritoneal Metastases From Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastases From Gastric Cancer
Chapter 52: The Management of Acute Appendicitis
Overview Historical Perspective Anatomy and Pathophysiology Patient Presentation and Diagnosis Management of Acute Appendicitis Timing of Surgery Management of Nonperforated Appendicitis Management of Perforated Appendicitis Special Patient Situations
Chapter 53: Hemorrhoids
Anatomy Etiology and Pathophysiology Incidence External Hemorrhoids Internal Hemorrhoids Special Situations
Chapter 54: Anal Fissure
Treatment Acknowledgment
Chapter 55: Anorectal Abscess and Fistula
Introduction Abscess Fistulas Primary Fistulotomy Setons Advancement Flaps Fibrin Sealant Fistula Plug Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract Choice of Procedure Conclusion
Chapter 56: Anorectal Stricture
Definition Causes Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Nonoperative Management Operative Management Summary
Chapter 57: The Management of Pruritus Ani
Introduction Etiology Patient Evaluation Treatment Summary
Chapter 58: Surgical Treatment of Fecal Incontinence
Overlapping SpHincteroplasty Sacral Nerve Stimulation Injectables Artificial Bowel Sphincter Other
Chapter 59: The Management of Rectovaginal Fistula
Introduction Causes Clinical Manifestation Classification of Rectovaginal Fistulae Preoperative Preparation Surgical Management Treatment Guidelines Special Considerations Acknowledgments
Chapter 60: The Management of Condyloma Acuminata
Presentation and Evaluation Therapy Giant Condyloma Acuminata
Chapter 61: The Management of Pilonidal Disease
Pilonidal Disease: Common and Challenging Etiology and Characteristics A Changing Paradigm Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Acute Pilonidal Abscess Management Chronic Pilonidal Sinus Nonsurgical Approaches Surgical Approaches Surgical Pitfalls Who Should Perform Surgical Procedures on Pilonidal Disease Cancer and Pilonidal Disease Summary
Chapter 62: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Definition Etiology Diagnostic Assessment and Therapy Summary
The Liver
Chapter 63: Cystic Disease of the Liver
Overview and Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Evaluation Imaging Modalities Simple Cysts Polycystic Liver Disease Neoplastic Cysts Traumatic Cysts Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Chapter 64: The Management of Echinococcal Cyst Disease of the Liver
Pathology and Classification Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Results
Chapter 65: Cavernous Hepatic Hemangioma
Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Infantile Hepatic Hemangioma Summary
Chapter 66: The Management of Benign Liver Lesions
Diagnosis and Imaging of Benign Liver Lesions Surgery for Benign Liver Lesions Summary
Chapter 67: The Management of Malignant Liver Tumors
Overview Hepatocellular Carcinoma Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Preoperative Assessment Operative Approach to Resection of Primary Liver Malignancies
Chapter 68: Treatment For Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Resection Versus Transplantation
Introduction Evaluation Imaging Staging Treatment
Chapter 69: Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal Cancer
Overview Indications and Preoperative Assessment Technical Considerations Complications Monitoring and Follow-Up Results and Response Rates Newer Technologies Conclusion
Chapter 70: The Management of Hepatic Abscess
Overview Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess Amebic Hepatic Abscess Fungal Hepatic Abscess
Chapter 71: Transarterial Chemoembolization for Liver Metastases
Introduction History Technique Palliation for Other Liver Tumors Contraindications to Transarterial Chemoembolization Complications Drug-Eluting Beads Current Evidence
Portal Hypertension
Chapter 72: Portal Hypertension: The Role of Shunting Procedures
Management of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy Luminal Tamponade Radiologic Interventions Rebleeding Prophylaxis Surgical Shunts Comparison of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portacaval Shunt with Shunt Surgery Summary
Chapter 73: The Role of Liver Transplantation in Portal Hypertension
Etiologies of Portal Hypertension Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension Medical Management of Portal Hypertension Surgical and Radiologic Management of Portal Hypertension Liver Transplantation
Chapter 74: Endoscopic Therapy for Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage
Overview Endoscopic Therapy Results Summary
Chapter 75: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Overview Indications Technique Clinical Outcomes Summary
Chapter 76: The Management of Refractory Ascites
Introduction Pathophysiology
Chapter 77: The Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Overview Pathophysiology Classification and Managementof Hepatic Encephalopathy
Chapter 78: The Management of Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Overview Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Medical Therapy Surgical Therapy Summary
Gallbladder and Biliary Tree
Chapter 79: The Management of Asymptomatic (Silent) Gallstones
Overview Epidemiology and Natural History Prophylactic Cholecystectomy Incidental Cholecystectomy Special Populations
Chapter 80: Acute Cholecystitis
Overview Clinical Presentation and Evaluation Differential Diagnosis Management Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Open Cholecystectomy New Developments Complications
Chapter 81: The Management of Common Bile Duct Stones
Overview Clinical Laboratory Findings Imaging Workup Management Summary
Chapter 82: Acute Cholangitis
Overview Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Therapy
Chapter 83: Benign Biliary Strictures
Iatrogenic Biliary Injuries Other Benign Biliary Strictures
Chapter 84: Cystic Disorders of the Bile Ducts
Overview Classification Etiology Epidemiology Diagnosis and Preoperative Evaluation Management Prognosis
Chapter 85: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Demographics Etiology Associated Diseases and Complications Natural History and Prognostic Models Presentation Diagnosis Therapy Summary
Chapter 86: Management of Cholangiocarcinoma
Overview Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Preoperative Evaluation Surgical Treatment and Outcomes Palliation Summary
Chapter 87: Gallbladder Cancer
Overview Natural History, Biology, and the Role of Surgical Treatment Staging Radiologic Evaluation Management Palliative Care
Chapter 88: Gallstone Ileus
Pathogenesis Diagnosis Management
Chapter 89: Obstructive Jaundice: Endoscopic Therapy
Introduction Endoscopic Therapies for Obstructive Jaundice Benign Biliary Obstruction Malignant Obstruction
The Pancreas
Chapter 90: Acute Pancreatitis
Assessment of Severity Complications of Pancreatitis Management of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis Management of Complications of Acute Pancreatitis Summary
Chapter 91: The Management of Gallstone Pancreatitis
Overview Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment
Chapter 92: Pancreas Divisum and other Variants of Dominant Dorsal Duct Anatomy
Introduction Pancreatic Embryologic Development Clinical Significance Diagnostic Strategies Treatment Conclusion
Chapter 93: Pancreatic Necrosis
Introduction Definitions and Diagnosis Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics Timing of Surgical Intervention Therapeutic Intervention for Pancreatic Necrosis Summary
Chapter 94: The Management of Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Overview Pathophysiology Presentation Diagnostic Evaluation Management Conclusion
Chapter 95: Pancreatic Ductal Disruptions Leading to Pancreatic Fistula, Pancreatic Ascites, or Pancreatic Pleural Effusion
Introduction Etiology and Complications Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Management and Treatment Conclusion
Chapter 96: The Management of Chronic Pancreatitis
Introduction Definition and Types of Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnosis and Severity Classification Medical Management Endotherapy Surgical Treatment Surgical Drainage and Resection Techniques Summary
Chapter 97: Periampullary Carcinoma
Overview Periampullary Cancer Types Clinical Presentation and Physical Findings Laboratory Studies Surgical Therapy Surgical Outcomes Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy and Survival
Chapter 98: Vascular Reconstruction During the Whipple Operation
Overview Rationale for PV/SMV Resection Preoperative Imaging Surgical Anatomy of the Superior Mesenteric Vein Surgical Technique Arterial Reconstruction Summary
Chapter 99: Palliative Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Introduction Indications for Palliative Interventions Palliative Surgical Interventions Outcomes after Surgical Palliation Palliative Resection Versus Palliative Bypass Palliative Chemotherapy and Chemoradiation Conclusions
Chapter 100: Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
Introduction Adjuvant Therapy Neoadjuvant Therapy Future Directions
Chapter 101: Unusual Pancreatic Tumors
Overview Nonneoplastic Pancreatic Cysts Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Rare Solid Pancreatic Tumors Autoimmune Pancreatitis Pancreatic Tumors/Masses Not of Pancreatic Origin Cancer Metastastic to the Pancreas From Other Sites
Chapter 102: Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Preoperative Workup Indications for Resection Operative Strategy Prognosis and Follow-Up
Chapter 103: The Management of Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors Excluding Gastrinomas
Overview Diagnosis Functional Tumors
Chapter 104: Transplantation of the Pancreas
Introduction Whole-Organ Pancreas Transplantation Complications Results Risk/Benefit Considerations
The Spleen
Chapter 105: Hematologic Indications for Splenectomy
Overview of Splenic Structure and Function Erythrocyte Disorders Platelet Disorders Preoperative Considerations Laparoscopic Splenectomy Postoperative Considerations Conclusion
Chapter 106: Cysts, Tumors, and Abscesses of the Spleen
Cysts Tumors Abscesses Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Sepsis
Chapter 107: Splenic Salvage Procedures: Therapeutic Options
Nonoperative Management Operative Splenic Salvage Recommendations
Hernia
Chapter 108: Inguinal Hernia
Overview Diagnosis Inguinal Hernia Repair Chronic Postinguinal Herniorrhaphy Pain
Chapter 109: Recurrent Inguinal Hernia
Introduction Prevention Anatomy Diagnosis Patient Preparation Anesthesia Repair Options Complications Summary
Chapter 110: Incisional, Epigastric, and Umbilical Hernias
Incisional Hernias (Ventral Hernias) Umbilical Hernias Epigastric Hernia Approach to the Repair of Ventral Hernias Follow-Up Conclusion
Chapter 111: The Management of Semilunar Line, Lumbar, and Obturator Herniation
Introduction Semilunar Line (Spigelian) Herniation Lumbar Herniation Obturator Herniation Summary
Chapter 112: Athletic Pubalgia: The “Sports Hernia”
Introduction Background Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Differential Diagnosis Management Summary
Chapter 113: Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Anatomy Patient Evaluation Approach to Repair Prosthetic Materials Conclusions
The Breast
Chapter 114: Management of Benign Breast Disease
Evaluation of Benign Breast Complaints Breast Masses Fibroadenomas Breast Cysts Breast Pain Nipple Discharge Breast Infection Abnormal Screening Mammograms Summary
Chapter 115: Screening for Breast Cancer
Overview Screening Recommendations Screening Modalities High-Risk Screening Other Imaging Modalities Future
Chapter 116: The Role of Stereotactic Breast Biopsy in the Management of Breast Disease
Introduction History Certification Patient Selection, Indications, and Contraindications The Fundamentals The Procedure Challenging Clinical Scenarios Pathologic Correlation Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 117: Molecular Targets in Breast Cancer
Molecular Profiling Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways Growth Factor Recptor Pathways and Down Stream Pathways PI3K/AKT Pathway Angiogenesis DNA Repair Pathways
Chapter 118: Breast Cancer: Surgical Management
Introduction Diagnosis and Workup Treatment Adjuvant Therapy Prophylactic Surgery Summary
Chapter 119: Ablative Therapies in Benign and Malignant Breast Disease
Overview Cryoablation Radiofrequency Ablation
Chapter 120: Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy
Introduction Indications and Contraindications for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Technical Aspects Special Considerations Alternatives to Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes Complications Future Directions Conclusion
Chapter 121: The Management of the Axilla in Breast Cancer
Overview Clinically Node-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer Clinically Node-Positive Invasive Breast Cancer Axillary Management for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Axillary Management in Pregnant Patients Axillary Management in the Elderly Axillary Management in Male Breast Cancer Positive Axillary Nodes with an Occult Primary Tumor Axillary Management after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Management after Prior Axillary Surgery Management of Axillary Tumor Recurrence Axillary Radiation after Axillary Dissection Alternatives to Axillary Surgery Technical Aspects of Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
Chapter 122: Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma
Introduction Clinical Presentation Diagnosis and Staging Treatment Prognosis and Follow-Up
Chapter 123: Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Lobular Carcinoma in situ
Chapter 124: Advances in Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Overview Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Adjuvant Therapy Summary
Chapter 125: The Management of Recurrent and Disseminated Breast Cancer
Introduction Relapse Patterns and Definitions Therapeutic Principles and Strategies
Chapter 126: Male Breast Cancer
Overview Risk Factors Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis
Chapter 127: Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy: Indications, Techniques, and Results
Indications Reconstructive Techniques
Endocrine Glands
Chapter 128: Adrenal Incidentaloma
Overview/Clinical Problem Imaging Rapid Office Biochemical Evaluation (Summary) Clinical EvAluation Preoperative Preparation Operative Technique and Postoperative Care
Chapter 129: The Management of Adrenal Cortical Tumors
Overview Incidentaloma Functional Hormone-Secreting Tumors Adrenocortical Carcinoma Adrenal Metastases Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Summary
Chapter 130: The Management of Pheochromocytoma
Overview Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Preoperative Management Intraoperative Management Operative Technique Postoperative Management Palliative Therapy
Chapter 131: The Management of Thyroid Nodules
History Physical Examination Laboratory Assessment Radiology Assessment Surgical Considerations Intraoperative Frozen Section Summary
Chapter 132: Nontoxic Goiter
Overview Pathogenesis Clinical Features Evaluation Indications for Treatment Treatment Modalities Postoperative Care
Chapter 133: The Management of Thyroiditis
Overview Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Subacute Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis Invasive Fibrous Thyroiditis Drug-Induced Thyroiditis
Chapter 134: Hyperthyroidism
Introduction Assessment and Diagnosis Nonsurgical Treatment Surgical Indications and Contraindications Surgical Preparation Surgical Options Surgical Anatomy Surgical Technique Postoperative Management Complications Conclusion
Chapter 135: Surgical Approach to Thyroid Cancer
Background Diagnosis and Surgical Management Surgical Aproach Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring Lymph Node Dissection Operative Outcomes Postoperative Management
Chapter 136: Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Background and Epidemiology Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Diagnosis Indications for Surgery Localization Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy with Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring Bilateral Neck Exploration Outcomes and Follow-Up Conclusion
Chapter 137: Persistent and Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism
Introduction Diagnosis of Persistent or Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism Indications for Reoperative Parathyroidectomy Preoperative Considerations Preoperative Evaluation Preoperative Localization Studies Operative Technique Postoperative Management Conclusion
Chapter 138: Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Overview Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Medical Management Surgical Management Postoperative Management
Chapter 139: Metabolic Changes Following Bariatric Surgery
Metabolic Consequences of Obesity Metabolic Improvements after Weight Loss Surgery Metabolic Surgery and Future Directions
Chapter 140: Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction after Bariatric Surgery
Introduction Bariatric Procedures Conclusions
Skin and Soft Tissue
Chapter 141: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Risk Factors and Precurser Lesions Clinical Evaluation of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Cancers Dermatfibrosarcoma Protuberans Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Bowen's Disease Merkle Cell Carcinoma Angiosarcoma Adenexal Tumors of the Skin Conculsion Acknowledgments
Chapter 142: The Management of Cutaneous Melanoma
Overview Biopsy Techniques Treatment of Primary Lesion Treatment of Regional Nodes In-Transit Disease Metastatic Disease Follow-Up Management of Recurrent Disease Conclusion
Chapter 143: The Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Overview Etiology Grading Treatment Imaging Histology-Specific Treatment Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma Breast Sarcoma Desmoid Fibromatosis Metastatic Disease Summary
Chapter 144: Evaluation of the Isolated Neck Mass
Overview Differential Diagnosis Workup Surgical Considerations
Chapter 145: Hand Infections
Introduction Microbiology Finger Infections Hand Infections Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Upper Extremity Osteomyelitis
Chapter 146: Nerve Injury and Repair
Introduction General Principles Preoperative Management Operative Technique Postoperative Management Summary
Chapter 147: Extremity Gas Gangrene
Introduction Bacteriology Diagnosis Treatment Outcome
Chapter 148: Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Overview Pathophysiology Diagnosis Microbiology Treatment Reconstruction Complications Conclusion
Chest Wall, Mediastinum, Trachea
Chapter 149: The Management of Primary Chest Wall Tumors
Overview Diagnosis Benign Bony and Cartilaginous Tumors Malignant Bony and Cartilaginous Tumors Benign Soft Tissue Tumors Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors Surgical Treatment of Chest Wall Tumors Options for Chest Wall Reconstruction Summary
Chapter 150: Mediastinal Masses
Introduction Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Conclusion
Chapter 151: Primary Tumors of the Thymus
Anatomy Pathology Evaluation Staging Principles of Therapy Operative Management Summary
Chapter 152: The Management of Tracheal Stenosis
Timing of Therapy Indications for Resection Factors to Consider for Tracheal Resection Airway Management Tracheal Resection and Reconstruction Results
Chapter 153: The Management of Acquired Esophageal Respiratory Tract Fistula
Overview Benign Esophageal Respiratory Fistulas Treatment of Benign Fistulas Malignant Esophageal Respiratory Tract Fistula Summary
Chapter 154: Repair of Pectus Excavatum
Evaluation of the Patient with Pectus Excavatum Open Repair Minimally Invasive Pectus Excavatum Repair (Nuss Procedure) Complications of Minimally Invasive Repair Outcome of Pectus Excavatum Repair
Vascular Surgery
Chapter 155: Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Overview Indications for Repair Preoperative Planning Surgical Repair Complications Conclusion
Chapter 156: Endovascular Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Introduction Preoperative Considerations Technical Details of the Procedure Postoperative Care and Follow-Up Complications Summary New Devices on the Horizon
Chapter 157: The Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Introduction Diagnosis and Evaluation Treatment Discussion Summary
Chapter 158: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Unexpected Abdominal Pathology
Overview Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair and Asymptomatic Abdominal Disease Gastrointestinal Malignancies Emergent Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair and Concomitant Disease Emergent Laparotomy for Symptomatic Abdominal Pathology with Incidental Asymptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Elective Laparotomy for Abdominal Pathology with Incidental Asymptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Summary
Chapter 159: The Management of Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Introduction Indications for Surgery Preoperative Risk Assessment Open Surgical Management Endovascular Surgical Management Alternative Approaches
Chapter 160: The Management of Acute Aortic Dissections
Overview Classification Presentation and Diagnosis Management Surgical Management of Stanford a Dissections Surgical Results with Acute Type a Dissections Management of Acute Type B Dissections
Chapter 161: Carotid Endarterectomy
Overview Clinical Presentation Indications Carotid Endarterectomy: Operative Technique Complications Recurrent Carotid Stenosis Combined Carotid Endarterectomy–Coronary Artery Bypass
Chapter 162: The Management of Recurrent Carotid Artery Stenosis
Incidence of Restenosis Timing of Restenosis and Pathogenesis Risk Reduction Diagnosis of Restenosis Indications for Reintervention Intervention for Recurrent Carotid Stenosis Reoperative Carotid Endarterectomy Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting Summary
Chapter 163: Balloon Angioplasty and Stents in Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease
Background Technical Considerations in Performance of Carotid Artery Stenting Design of Carotid Stent Systems Periprocedural Management Summary and Perspective
Chapter 164: The Management of Aneurysms of the Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Introduction Carotid Artery Aneurysms Vertebral Artery Aneurysms
Chapter 165: Brachiocephalic Reconstruction
Introduction Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Evaluation Treatment Anatomic (Direct) Revascularization ExtraAnatomic (Indirect) Revascularization Arterial Transposition Endovascular Treatment Innominate Artery Interventions Summary
Chapter 166: Upper Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease
Overview Etiology Evaluation Management Summary
Chapter 167: Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Introduction Initial Evaluation and Indications for Intervention Direct Surgical Revascularization Aortobifemoral Bypass Iliofemoral Bypass ExtraAnatomic Bypass Femorofemoral Bypass Axillobifemoral Bypass Other Surgical Revascularization Options Complications of Surgical Revascularization Results of Surgical Revascularization Endovascular Interventions Results of Endovascular Interventions Summary
Chapter 168: Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease
Introduction Evaluation Treatment Discussion Summary
Chapter 169: Tibioperoneal Arterial Occlusive Disease
Patient Assessment Selection of Intervention Surgical Bypass Endovascular Revascularization Other Technologies Postintervention Management and Surveillance Complications Future Treatment: Cell-Based Therapies Conclusion
Chapter 170: Profunda Femoris Reconstruction
Profunda Femoris Artery Basic Anatomy Operative Role Isolated Profundaplasty Operative Approaches Endovascular Therapy Conclusion
Chapter 171: Femoral and Popliteal Artery Aneurysms
Overview Degenerative Femoral Aneurysms Iatrogenic Femoral Pseudoaneurysms Popliteal Aneurysms
Chapter 172: The Treatment of Claudication
The Initial Evaluation of the Patient with Suspected Claudication Initial Management of the Patient with Claudication: Management of Limb Symptoms Initial Management of the Patient with Claudication: Management of Generalized Atherosclerosis Follow-Up after Initiation of Medical Management and Selection of Patients for Intervention Treatment of the Arterial Occlusive Lesions That Cause Claudication Summary
Chapter 173: Pseudoaneurysms and Arteriovenous Fistulas
PSEUdoaneurysms Arteriovenous Fistula
Chapter 174: Axillofemoral Bypass
Introduction Indications Preoperative Evaluation Techniques Graft Configurations Results Complications Postoperative Management Conclusions
Chapter 175: The Management of Peripheral Arterial Emboli
Overview Classification, Site, and Source of Embolism Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Examination Management Outcomes/Results
Chapter 176: Acute Peripheral Arterial and Bypass Graft Occlusion: Thrombolytic Therapy
Overview Patient Presentation and Workup Conclusion
Chapter 177: Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Disease
Introduction Incidence Natural History of Renal Artery Stenosis Treatment Summary
Chapter 178: Raynaud's Syndrome
Overview Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Presentation Treatment Conclusions
Chapter 179: Thoracic Outlet Syndromes
Overview Anatomy of the Thoracic Outlet Arterial Compression Venous Compression (Paget-Schroetter Syndrome) Nerve Compression Transaxillary Approach
Chapter 180: The Diabetic Foot
Introduction Pathophysiology Presentation Treatment Conclusion Disclaimer
Chapter 181: Gangrene of the Foot
Overview Risk Factors and Epidemiology Evaluation Management Summary
Chapter 182: Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
Introduction Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Summary
Chapter 183: Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Overview Anatomy and Collateralization Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Treatment Conclusion
Chapter 184: The Management of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Arterial Disease Reconstruction Options Extent of Visceral Artery Reconstruction Outcome of Open Revascularization
Chapter 185: Hemodialysis Access Surgery
Introduction Historical Notes National Practices and Guidelines Preoperative Evaluation Operative Techniques Complications and Management Conclusions
Chapter 186: Venous Thromboembolism: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Introduction Impact Risk Factors Prevention and Prophylaxis Diagnosis Screening of Asymptomatic Patients Treatment Conclusion
Chapter 187: Deep Venous Thrombosis
Risk Factors Diagnosis Therapy Special Considerations
Chapter 188: Vena Cava Filters
Introduction Indications and Contraindications for Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement and Retrieval Filter Selection Technique Filter Retrieval Complications Discussion
Chapter 189: The Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Epidemiology Risk Factors Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis Venous Thromboembolism Treatment Inferior Vena Cava Filter Catheter-Directed Thrombolytic Therapy Systemic Thrombolysis Complications Summary
Chapter 190: Lymphedema
Diagnosis Treatment Summary
Trauma and Emergency Care
Chapter 191: Initial Assessment and Resuscitation of the Trauma Patient
Initial Assessment and Resuscitation of the Trauma Patient Primary Survey Resuscitation and Monitoring Secondary Survey Next Steps
Chapter 192: Airway Management in the Trauma Patient
Initial Airway Assessment and Therapy Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation Endotracheal Intubation Supraglottic Airway Devices Awake Fiberoptic Intubation Airway Management Decision Making Surgical Airway
Chapter 193: The Surgeon's Use of Ultrasound in Thoracoabdominal Trauma
Focused Assessment for the Sonographic Evaluation of the Trauma Patient Traumatic Hemothorax Pneumothorax Sternal Fracture Special Situations Using Ultrasound to Assess Intravascular Volume Status and Cardiac Function Summary New Horizons in Point of Care Ultrasound
Chapter 194: Emergency Department Thoracotomy
Overview Indications Procedural Techniques Outcomes
Chapter 195: The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Evaluation Surgical Treatment Nonsurgical Management Management of Mild to Moderate Head Injuries Comments
Chapter 196: Chest Wall Trauma, Hemothorax, and Pneumothorax
Initial Evaluation Specific Injuries Tube Thoracostomy
Chapter 197: Abdominal Trauma
Initial Management Topography and Clinical Anatomy Physical Examination Diagnostic Studies Penetrating Abdominal Injuries and the Hemodynamically Stable and Unstable Condition Exploratory Laparotomy in Trauma Summary
Chapter 198: Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
Historical Perspective Anatomic Definitions Mechanism of Injury Initial Management Diagnostic Adjuncts Indications for Operative Intervention and Practical Algorithms Operating Room Conduct and Management of Specific Injuries Summary
Chapter 199: Diaphragmatic Injuries
Introduction Epidemiology Anatomy Diagnosis Acute Management Special Situations Management of the Chronic Posttraumatic Hernia Morbidity and Mortality
Chapter 200: The Management of Liver Injuries
Introduction Blunt Hepatic Trauma Interventional Radiology Penetrating Hepatic Trauma: Clinical Decision Making Operative Techniques for Hepatic Trauma Museum Pieces Conclusion
Chapter 201: Pancreatic and Duodenal Injuries and Current Surgical Therapies
Epidemiology and Management Priorities Kinematics (Mechanism of Injury) Duodenum Pancreas
Chapter 202: Injuries to the Small and Large Bowel
Mechanism of Injury Diagnosis Surgical Management
Chapter 203: The Management of Rectal Injuries
Overview Diagnosis Anatomic Location of Injury and Injury Grading Surgical Management Morbidity and Complications Management Conclusion and Algorithm
Chapter 204: Injury to the Spleen
Overview Diagnosis Nonoperative Management Penetrating Splenic Injury Operative Management Immunizations
Chapter 205: Retroperitoneal Injuries: Kidney and Ureter
Kidney Ureter
Chapter 206: Damage Control Operation
Basic Principles Physiology and Indications Phase 1: Initial Operation on the Abdomen or Other Body Cavities Phase 2: Resuscitation Phase 3: Definitive Surgical Management Evidence for Effectiveness of DCO
Chapter 207: Urologic Complications of Pelvic Fracture
Bladder Injury Urethral Injury Conclusions
Chapter 208: Facial Trauma: Evaluation and Management
Overview Emergent Treatment and Evaluation Soft Tissue Injuries and Management Bony Injuries and Management Extensive Injuries and Management Conclusion
Chapter 209: Penetrating Neck Trauma
Introduction Anatomy Initial Evaluation/Management Management of Specific Injuries
Chapter 210: Blunt Cardiac Injury
Introduction Incidence Mechanism of Injury Diagnosis Treatment
Chapter 211: Abdominal Compartment Syndrome and Management of the Open Abdomen
Pathophysiology of Abdominal Hypertension Recognition of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Measurement of Intraabdominal Pressure Treatment of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Unplanned Reoperation Temporary Abdominal Wall Closures Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Failure to Achieve Primary Closure Types of Definitive Abdominal Closures Special Situations in Damage Control Surgery Conclusion
Chapter 212: Blood Transfusion Therapy in Trauma
Introduction Blood Components Autologous Blood Transfusions Acute Coagulopathy Massive Transfusion and Massive Transfusion Protocols Coagulation Testing in the Trauma Patient Hemostatic Adjuncts Complications From Transfusion Therapy Novel Anticoagulants New Directions
Chapter 213: Coagulation Issues and the Trauma Patient
Overview Etiology and Natural History Current Concepts of Coagulation Treatment of the Bleeding Trauma Patient: Optimal Use of Component Therapy Military Experience Summary
Chapter 214: The Abdomen That Will not Close
Stage 1: Prosthetic Insertion and Attempt at Delayed Primary Closure Stage 2: Staged Split-Thickness Skin Grafting for Planned Ventral Hernia Stage 3: Definitive Reconstruction with a Modification of the Components Separation Technique
Chapter 215: The Management of Vascular Injuries
Overview Initial Evaluation and Management Body Regions and Typical Vascular Injuries Summary
Chapter 216: Endovascular Management of Arterial Injury
Extracranial Cerebrovascular Injury Upper Extremity Injury Aortoiliac Injury Abdominal Aorta and Iliac Vasculature Iliac Arteries Lower Extremity Injury Adjunctive Techniques
Chapter 217: The Management of Extremity Compartment Syndrome
Pathophysiology Etiology Diagnosis Treatment: Compartment Decompression Postoperative Management
Chapter 218: Burn Wound Management
Overview The Burn Wound Management of Superficial Burns Management of Deep Burns Excision of Burn Wounds Closure of Excised Burn Wounds Complications of Burn Wound Healing
Chapter 219: Practical Management of the Burn Patient
Introduction Physiologic Changes with Burn Injury Phase One Management: Initial Evaluation and Resuscitation Phase Two Management: Wound Excision and Biologic Closure Burn Critical Care Phase Three Management: Definitive Wound Closure Phase Four Management: Reconstruction and Reintegration Conclusion
Chapter 220: Cold Injury, Frostbite, and Hypothermia
Overview Nonfreezing Cold Injuries Freezing Cold Injuries Classification of Frostbite Prevention of Frostbite Initial Field Treatment of Frostbite Medical Therapy Thrombolytic, Vasodilator, and Prostacyclin Therapy Surgical Intervention Chronic Changes of Frostbite Accidental Hypothermia Classification of Hypothermia and Symptoms Physiologic Effects of Hypothermia Diagnosis and Treatment Intraoperative Hypothermia Therapeutic Hypothermia
Chapter 221: Electrical and Lightning Injury
Epidemiology Electricity Basics Physics and Pathophysiology of Electrical Injury Management
Preoperative and Postoperative Care
Chapter 222: Fluids and Electrolytes
Introduction Fluid Compartments and Osmolality Daily Requirements and Choice of Maintenance Fluids Assessment of Fluid Status and Choice of Replacement Fluids Diagnosis and Treatment of Electrolyte Disorders
Chapter 223: Preoperative Assessment of the Older Patient: Frailty
Overview Older Surgical Patients Frailty Frailty, Comorbidity, and Disability Frailty and Surgical Risk Prediction Alternative Measures of Frailty and Surgical Outcomes Sarcopenia and Surgery Logisitics of Preoperative Measurement of Frailty Conclusion
Chapter 224: Preoperative Preparation of the Surgical Patient
Introduction Oral Intake Guidelines Preoperative Testing Comorbidities Medication Management Summary
Chapter 225: Is a Nasogastric Tube Necessary after Alimentary Tract Surgery? Chapter 226: Surgical Site Infections
Overview Definition Risk Factors Prevention Treatment Summary
Chapter 227: The Management of Intra-Abdominal Infections
Introduction Definitions Diagnostics Intra-abdominal Infections Following Abdominal Trauma or Surgery Management of Intra-abdominal Infections Source Control: Operation Versus Percutaneous Drainage Alone
Chapter 228: Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other Bloodborne Pathogens
Progress in the Field Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Chapter 229: Antifungal Therapy in the Surgical Patient
Introduction Antifungal Agents Specific Infections Conclusions
Chapter 230: Measuring Outcomes in Surgery
Introduction Donabedian Model of Quality Variation in Outcomes Current Measures of Outcomes Integrating Outcome Measurement Into the Current Practice of Surgery The Importance of Outcome Measurement in Research Conclusion
Chapter 231: Comparative Effectiveness Research in Surgery
Introduction What is Comparative Effectiveness Research? Effectiveness Versus Efficacy Which Treatment? Which Patients? Which Outcome? How is Comparative Effectiveness Research Done? Comparative Effectiveness Research in the National and International Spotlight Controversy Future Directions
Surgical Critical Care
Chapter 232: Surgical Palliative Care Chapter 233: Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Overview Tachyarrhythmias Bradydysrhythmias Control of Cardiac and Systemic Vascular Performance Treatment of Systemic Hypertension Pharmacologic Reduction of Perioperative Cardiac Risk
Chapter 234: Glucose Control in the Postoperative Period
Introduction Indications Techniques Results Summary
Chapter 235: Postoperative Respiratory Failure
Introduction Acute Respiratory Failure Classification and Epidemiology ARF Treatment: Noninvasive Ventilation ARF Treatment: Intubation Treatment: VAP Prevention Treatment: Mechanical Ventilation Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Advanced Modes of Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU Mechanical Ventilation Strategies for ALI and ARDS Adjuncts to Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with ARDS and Severe Hypoxemia Incremental Approach to the Management of Severe ARDS Weaning and Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation Tracheostomy
Chapter 236: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Introduction Diagnosis Treatment Summary
Chapter 237: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in Adults
Introduction The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation System Management Troubleshooting the ECMO Weaning and Lung Recovery Discussion
Chapter 238: Tracheostomy
Introduction Indications and Contraindications Summary
Chapter 239: Acute Kidney Failure
Overview Definitions Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury Radiologic Imaging Medication Review Differential Diagnosis Renal Protective Strategies Treatment Prognosis
Chapter 240: Electrolyte Disorders
Overview Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium and Phosphate Summary
Chapter 241: Acid-Base Problems
Normal Acid-Base Metabolism Metabolic Acidosis Respiratory Acidosis Metabolic Alkaloses Respiratory Alkalosis
Chapter 242: Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Introduction Prevention Diagnosis and Treatment Summary
Chapter 243: The Septic Response
Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Treatment Supportive Care Summary
Chapter 244: Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Failure
History and Pathophysiology Clinical Presentation and Organ System Management Pulmonary Dysfunction—Acute Lung Injury Acute Kidney Injury Hepatic Dysfunction Central Nervous System Dysfunction—Delirium Endocrine and Metabolic Dysfunction Therapeutic Strategies—Nutrition Patient-Centered Outcomes and Palliative Care Summary
Chapter 245: Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
Diagnosis of Infection and Empiric Therapy Principles of Antibiotic Therapy Specific Considerations Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Antibiotic Toxicities Avoidance of Toxicity: Adjustment of Antibiotic Dosage
Chapter 246: Endocrine Changes in Critical Illness
Overview Adrenal Insufficiency Hyperglycemia Thyroid Dysfunction Drug-Induced Endocrine Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 247: Nutritional Support in the Critically Ill
Overview Metabolic Response to Stress and Nutritional Requirements during Critical Illness Early Enteral Nutrition Total Parenteral Nutrition Immunonutrition Special Circumstances: the Obese Critically Ill Patient
Chapter 248: Coagulopathy in the Critically Ill Patient
A Model of Hemostasis An Initial Approach to the Critically Ill Patient with Bleeding Hemostatic Testing in the Critically Ill Patient Platelet Disorders Inherited Quantitative Platelet Disorders Inherited Qualitative Platelet Disorders Inherited Coagulation Disorders Acquired Coagulation Disorders Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Warfarin Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Liver Disease Acquired Factor Inhibitors Cardiac Surgery–Associated Bleeding Vessel Wall Disorders
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Chapter 249: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Introduction Indications for Cholecystectomy Imaging Diagnosis Complicated Gallstone Disease Biliary Dyskinesia/Chronic Acalculous Cholecystitis Gallbladder Polyps Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Technique The Difficult Cholecystectomy Alternative Approaches: Single-Incision Laparoscopic and Notes Cholecystectomy Complications Summary
Chapter 250: Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration
Introduction Intraoperative Evaluation of Common Bile Duct Stones Techniques After Cholecystectomy Efficacy of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Alternative Management Summary
Chapter 251: Laparoscopic 360-Degree Fundoplication
Background Symptoms and Complications Medical Therapy Diagnostic Workup Surgical Therapy Technique Postoperative Care Complications Outcomes Conclusion
Chapter 252: Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Introduction Pathophysiology Diagnosis Indications Techniques Results Special Considerations Summary
Chapter 253: Laparoscopic Inguinal Herniorrhaphy
Overview Evaluating the Patient Relevant Anatomy Indications and Contraindications Preparing the Patient Totally Extraperitoneal Transabdominal Preperitoneal Management of Complicated Hernia After Surgery Complications Summary Acknowledgment
Chapter 254: Laparoscopic Repair of Recurrent Inguinal Hernias
Overview Indications and Choice of the Repair Outcomes
Chapter 255: Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Introduction Indications Preoperative Workup Operative Technique Postoperative Care Special Circumstances Complications Outcomes
Chapter 256: Laparoscopic Repair of Peristomal Hernias
Background Indications and Contraindications Preoperative Planning Surgery Operative Technique Postoperative Management Complications Results Conclusions
Chapter 257: Laparoscopic Splenectomy
Overview Indications and Contraindications Preoperative Preparation Techniques Right Lateral Approach Anterior Approach Laparoscopic Hand-Assisted Postoperative Care Complications Results Summary
Chapter 258: Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery
Overview Indications and Rationale for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Contraindications Preoperative Workup and Preparation Surgical Principles for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Pitfalls during a Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Extent of Lymphadenectomy Omentectomy and Bursectomy Technique of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Techniques of Reconstruction Special Considerations
Chapter 259: Laparoscopic Management of Crohn's Disease
Overview Stomach and Duodenum Small Bowel Colon and Rectum Perineum Summary
Chapter 260: Laparoscopic Colon and Rectal Surgery
Background Operative Principles and Technical Pearls Complications and Learning Curve of Laparoscopic Colectomy
Chapter 261: Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Overview Indications Preoperative Preparation Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Laparoscopic Transhiatal Esophagectomy Thoracoscopic and Laparoscopic Esophagectomy with Cervical Anastomosis Postoperative Care Results Summary
Chapter 262: Laparoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Motility Disorders
Introduction Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia Revisional Surgery after Heller Myotomy Laparoscopic Treatment of End-Stage Achalasia Laparoscopic Treatment of Epiphrenic Diverticula Summary
Chapter 263: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Introduction Indications Techniques Complications Postoperative Care Outcomes The Future: Even LESS Invasive Surgery
Chapter 264: Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Preoperative Parathyroid Localization Intraoperative Adjuncts Surgical Approach Postoperative Management
Chapter 265: Laparoscopic Liver Resection
Overview Preoperative Evaluation Anesthesia and Intraoperative Monitoring Operative Techniques Operative Metrics Conclusion
Chapter 266: Staging Laparoscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Overview General Technique Esophageal Cancer Gastric Adenocarcinoma Colorectal Liver Metastasis and Hepatobiliary Primary Tumors Pancreatic and Periampullary Adenocarcinomas Lymphoproliferative Diseases Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Summary
Chapter 267: Laparoscopic Pancreas Surgery
Laparoscopic Whipple Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy Laparoscopic Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation Older and High-Risk Patients Conclusion Acknowledgments
Chapter 268: Laparoscopic Bypass for Pancreatic Cancer
Background Gastric Outlet Obstruction Laparoscopic Biliary Bypass Procedures Conclusions
Chapter 269: Laparoscopic Management of Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Overview Clinical Features Preoperative Workup Operative Indications Procedure Selection Preoperative Planning Laparoscopic Cystgastrostomy Laparoscopic Cystjejunostomy Postoperative Care Outcomes and Complications Brief Comment on Walled-Off Necrosis
Chapter 270: Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Introduction Indications for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery and Patient Selection Surgical Setup and Equipment Basic Technique and Emergency Conversion to Thoracotomy Summary
Chapter 271: Laparoscopic Surgery for Morbid Obesity
Preoperative Evaluation Preparing the Patient in the Operating Room Techniques Postoperative Management Outcomes and Complications Endoscopic Approaches to the Management of Obesity Comments
Chapter 272: Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy
Overview Evaluation of the Live Kidney Donor Contraindications Operative Approach Postoperative Management Risks Conclusion
Chapter 273: Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery as An Evolving Surgical Approach
Training and Learning Curve Devices and Instruments Transumbilical Approach Nephrectomy Cholecystectomy Bariatric Surgery Colectomy Urgent Indications Urologic Surgery Gynecologic Surgery Robotic Single-Port Approach Cost Considerations Consent Issues Strategies for Successful Incorporation of the Single-Port Technique Conclusions
Chapter 274: NOTES: What Is Currently Possible?
Overview Treatment and Methods NOTES: What Will be Possible in the Near Future?
Index
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