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Index
Cover
Title Page
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Companion Website
Part I: Setting the Scene
1 Science and Society
1.1 What’s It All About?
1.2 What Is Science?
1.3 Modern Science
1.4 Science, Ethics and Values
1.5 Attitudes to Science
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
2 Ethics and Bioethics
2.1 Ethics and Morals
2.2 The Development of Ethics
2.3 Making Ethical Decisions
2.4 Medical Ethics
2.5 The Growth of Bioethics
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
Part II: Biomedical Science and Medical Technology
3 Life before Birth I: The New Reproductive Technologies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Gametes Outside the Body
3.3 Techniques of Artificial Reproductive Medicine
3.4 Embryo Testing
3.5 Mitochondrial Donation
3.6 Embryo Research
3.7 Rights of the Unborn Child
3.8 Men and Women: Do We Need Both?
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
4 Life before Birth II: Embryos, Foetuses and Associated Issues
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Early Human Embryo
4.3 Embryo Research
4.4 Screening and Diagnosis
4.5 Reproductive Rights
4.6 Abortion: Maternal–Foetal Conflict
4.7 Surrogacy
4.8 Artificial Wombs
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
5 Cloning and Stem Cells
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Frogs and Sheep
5.3 Genes and Clones
5.4 It’s Not Natural: It Should Be Banned!
5.5 The Ethics of Human Cloning: An Overview
5.6 Reproductive Cloning of Non‐human Mammals
5.7 Unlocking the Genetic Potential of Stem Cells
5.8 Concluding Remarks
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
6 Human Genes and Genomes
6.1 Some History
6.2 Molecular Genetics and the Human Genome Project
6.3 Some Thoughts on Eugenics
6.4 Use of Human Genetic Information
6.5 Genetic Modification of Humans: Fact or Fiction?
6.6 A Gene for This and a Gene for That
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
7 Transhumanism
7.1 Introduction
7.2 From Wooden Legs to Would‐Be Cyborgs
7.3 Mind and Matter
7.4 Stronger, Fitter, Faster, Cleverer: Biological Aspects of Transhumanism
7.5 Military Applications
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
8 Decisions at the End of Life: When May I Die and When Am I Dead1?
8.1 Introduction: Four Important Examples to Inform Our Thinking
8.2 How Did We Get Here?
8.3 What Is Euthanasia?
8.4 Case for Assisted Dying
8.5 The Arguments against Assisted Dying
8.6 The Debate Continues: Will the Law Ever Be Changed?
8.7 When Should Medical Treatment Be Withheld or Withdrawn?
8.8 Concluding Remarks
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
Part III: Biotechnology
9 Genetic Modification and Synthetic Biology
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ethical Aspects of Genetic Modification
9.3 Pharmaceuticals
9.4 Genetic Modification of Animals
9.5 Research Uses of Genetic Modification
9.6 Gene and Genome Editing
9.7 Synthetic Biology
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
10 Genetic Modification of Plants
10.1 Introduction and Definitions
10.2 Back to the Beginning
10.3 Basic Methodology
10.4 The Debate
10.5 GM Crops: Is a Different Approach Possible?
10.6 Closing Comments: Consumer Choice
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
11 Genes: Some Wider Issues
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Crop GM Technology, World Trade and Global Justice
11.3 Gene Patenting
11.4 Genetic Piracy
11.5 DNA Fingerprinting and DNA Databases
11.6 Concluding Remarks
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
12 Biofuels and Bioenergy: Environmental and Ethical Aspects
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biofuels: A Brief Survey
12.3 Biofuels: Ethical Issues
12.4 Concluding Comment
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
Part IV: Humans and the Biosphere
13 Humans and Non‐human Animals
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Humankind’s Place in the Animal Kingdom
13.3 Human Use of Animals: An Overview
13.4 Vivisection and the Use of Animals in Research
13.5 The Ethics of Animal Research
13.6 Animals in Sport, Companionship, Leisure and Fashion
13.7 Working Animals
13.8 Animals for Food
13.9 Concluding Comments
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
14 The Environmental Crisis: Not Just about Climate
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Environmental Damage: It’s a Fivefold Problem
14.3 Climate Change
14.4 Valuing the Environment
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
15 Planet and Population
15.1 Introduction: The Anthropocene
15.2 How Many?
15.3 How Many Can We Feed?
15.4 How Many Is Too Many?
15.5 Water
15.6 Concluding Comments
Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
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