Copper, Brass, and Bronze Surfaces by Zahner, L. William -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Table of Contents Preface CHAPTER 1: Introduction—Element 29

INTRODUCTION COLOR COLORS OF ALLOYS COPPER MINERALS HISTORY THE MODERN COPPER PRODUCTION PROCESS SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND HYGIENIC CONCERNS COPPER AND WATER HEALTH AND SAFETY COPPER: THE ANTIMICROBIAL METAL COPPER ALLOYS FOR THE ARTS NOTES

CHAPTER 2: Copper and Its Alloys

INTRODUCTION THE RICH HISTORY OF COPPER ALLOYS ELEMENTS ADDED TO COPPER ALLOY DESIGNATION SYSTEM THE UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM TEMPERS WROUGHT COPPER ALLOYS BRASSES LEADED BRASSES TIN BRASSES PHOSPHOR–BRONZE ALLOYS ALUMINUM–BRONZE ALLOYS SILICON–BRONZE ALLOYS COPPER–NICKEL AND NICKEL–SILVER ALLOYS CAST ALLOYS RED BRASSES YELLOW BRASSES SILICON–BRONZE ALLOYS A TIN–BRONZE ALLOY NICKEL–SILVER ALLOYS A MANGANESE–BRONZE ALLOY NOTES

CHAPTER 3: Surface Finishes

INTRODUCTION MILL SURFACES MECHANICAL FINISHES AND TEMPORARY PROTECTION COLOR FROM OXIDATION AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS TEXTURES TIN‐COATED COPPER MELTED COPPER ALLOY SURFACING COPPER AND GLASS PROTECTING THE SURFACE NOTES

CHAPTER 4: Expectations of the Visual Surface

INTRODUCTION INTENT: AN UNCHANGED SURFACE APPEARANCE INTENT: A SURFACE APPEARANCE THAT CHANGES NATURALLY FLATNESS TEXTURING THE SURFACE INITIAL OXIDATION ON COPPER ALLOYS IN SITU PATINATION PREPATINATION THE EFFECT OF SEALANTS THE CAST SURFACE ARRIVING AT THE BEST POSSIBLE OUTCOME NOTES

CHAPTER 5: Designing with the Available Forms

A BRIEF HISTORY WROUGHT FORMS THE CAST FORM NOTES

CHAPTER 6: Fabrication Processes and Techniques

INTRODUCTION FORMING V‐CUTTING CUTTING COPPER ALLOYS MACHINING SOLDERING, BRAZING, AND WELDING CASTING

CHAPTER 7: Corrosion Characteristics

GENERAL INFORMATION CATEGORIES OF CORROSION ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ACIDS AND BASES COPPER ALLOY SURFACE CATEGORIES NOTES

CHAPTER 8: Maintaining the Copper Alloy Surface

INTRODUCTION PROTECTING THE NEW COPPER ALLOY SURFACE ACHIEVING PHYSICAL CLEANLINESS ACHIEVING CHEMICAL CLEANLINESS ACHIEVING MECHANICAL CLEANLINESS REPAIRING PATINAS PROTECTING THE SURFACES OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS CLEANING THE COPPER SURFACE REMOVING COPPER STAINS FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES DETERIORATING PATINAS NOTES

APPENDIX A: Comparative Attributes of Metals Used in Art and Architecture APPENDIX B: Hardware Finish Codes and Descriptions APPENDIX C: Numbering Systems Used for Copper Alloys Further Reading Index End User License Agreement