Contents

List of Illustrations

Notes on Contributors

Series Editor’s Preface

Preface

1 Introduction: A Sense of Loss: An Overview of the Historiography of Romanesque and Gothic Art

The Pre-History of Medieval Art Historiography

The Reformation and its Aftermath

The Age of the Enlightenment

Romanticism

Nineteenth-century Non-Romantic Developments

The Later Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century

The Twentieth Century

Concluding Remarks

Notes

2 Vision

Notes

Bibliography

3 Reception of Images by Medieval Viewers

Notes

Bibliography

4 Narrative

Notes

Bibliography

5 Formalism

Notes

Bibliography

6 Gender and Medieval Art

Women Artists

Hildegard of Bingen and Herrad of Hohenbourg

Women Patrons

The Role of Women in the Use of Devotional Images

Monastic Architecture for Women

The Female Image in Romanesque and Gothic Art

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

7 Gregory the Great and Image Theory in Northern Europe during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Notes

Bibliography

8 Art and Exegesis

Definitions and Period Terminology

Scriptural Exegesis

Historiography of Art and Exegesis

Three Conceptions of the Study of Art and Exegesis

Postscript: Art and Exegesis in the Later Middle Ages

Notes

Bibliography

9 Whodunnit? Patronage, the Canon, and the Problematics of Agency in Romanesque and Gothic Art

Shaping the Canon: Suger and St Denis

Agency and Patronage

Patron, Artist, and Agency

Hierarchies of Agency, Webs of Production

Gifts and Patronal Identity Politics

Representing Agency: Donor Imagery

Motivating Patronal Agency: Power and Family

Conclusions

Notes

Bibliography

10 Collecting (and Display)

Introduction

Collecting in the Middle Ages: The Treasury

State of Research and Prospects

From Medieval Treasures to Cabinets of Curiosity

Medieval Curiositas and Curiosities

Manipulating the Objects: Memory Made Visible

Notes

Bibliography

11 The Concept of Spolia

History

Historiography

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

12 The Monstrous

St Bernard and the Critique of the Monstrous

Ornament and Formalism

Monstrous Iconography

Psychology and the Apotropaic

Popular Culture

Ideology, Race, and Gender

Vision, Imagination, and Memory

A Response to St Bernard

Conclusion: A Monstrous Methodology

Notes

Bibliography

13 Making Sense of Marginalized Images in Manuscripts and Religious Architecture

The Battle Over the Meaning of Monsters

The Return of the Repressed

From Romanesque to Gothic, From Monstrous to Droll

Closer Readings, Case Studies

Margins and Marginality

Notes

Bibliography

14 Romanesque Architecture

Political Units and Stylistic Subdivisions

Secular Buildings

Boundaries

Romanesque and Gothic

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

15 Romanesque Sculpture in Northern Europe

Phase I, The Age of the Antiquarian

Phase II, The Age of Structure

Phase III, The Age of Theory

Phase IV, The Age of Modernism

Notes

Bibliography

16 Modern Origins of Romanesque Sculpture

The Place of Origins

Origins as a Hermeneutic

Content, Context, and the Sculptural Revival

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

17 The Historiography of Romanesque Manuscript Illumination

Early Disparagement

“Romanesque”

Forming the Canon

Beyond Style and Iconography

Looking Forward

Notes

Bibliography

18 The Study of Gothic Architecture

What is Gothic?

Problems and Resources

Historiography

Gothic Architecture in the “Crisis” of Art History: Prophets of the Millennium

Current Approaches

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

19 Gothic Sculpture from 1150 to 1250

Early Gothic Sculpture

The Antique Tendency of the Early Thirteenth Century

Reims and Paris: The New Dignity and Statuary Presence of Sculpture in the mid-Thirteenth Century

Notes

Bibliography

20 Gothic Manuscript Illustration: The Case of France

Style

Codicology

Interdisciplinary Approaches and the Emerging Study of Secular Illustration

Blurred Literary Genres and the Study of Imagery

Notes

Bibliography

Further Reading and Viewing

21 Glazing Medieval Buildings

Medium

Medieval References

Revivals

Twentieth-century Scholarship

Current Trends

Notes

Bibliography

22 Toward a Historiography of the Sumptuous Arts

The Medieval Ornatus

The Age of Rediscovery

The Age of the Catalogue

Toward an Academic Renaissance?

Notes

Bibliography

23 East Meets West: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States

Introduction

The Study of the Art of the Crusaders in the late Nineteenth Century

The Study of the Art of the Crusaders in the Early Twentieth Century

The Study of Art of the Crusaders before and after World War II

The Study of the Art of the Crusaders from 1957 to the Present

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

24 Gothic in the East: Western Architecture in Byzantine Lands

Background

Early Scholarship

Camille Enlart

The Twentieth Century

Perspectives and Future Directions

Notes

Bibliography

25 Architectural Layout: Design, Structure, and Construction in Northern Europe

Introduction

Architectural Layout

Primary Sources

Technical Education of the Builder: Introduction

Technical Education of the Builder: Applied Mathematics and Instruments

Technical Education of the Builder: Practical Geometry

Design to Execution: Structure and Construction

Design Concepts: Dimensions

Design Concepts: Geometry

Notes

Bibliography

26 Sculptural Programs

The Beginning of the Iconographic Research of Sculptural Programs

Chartres Cathedral

Comparison of the Romanesque and Gothic

Methodical Aspects

Notes

Bibliography

27 Cistercian Architecture

Historiographical Origins

Antiquarianism

The Rise of Archaeological Interests

Empirical Studies

Widening the Focus

Notes

Bibliography

28 Art and Pilgrimage: Mapping the Way

The Pilgrimage Routes to Santiago de Compostela and its Monuments

Changing the Focus

Art, Architecture and the Pilgrims’ Goal

Pilgrim’s Badges and Souvenirs

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

29 “The Scattered Limbs of the Giant”: Recollecting Medieval Architectural Revivals

Back to the Medieval Future or A “Theatre of Outworn Masks”?

Neo-Romanesque: The Ugly, Dumpy, Elder Sister or Avatar of Modernism?

Notes

Bibliography

30 The Modern Medieval Museum

Notes

Bibliography

Index