Page numbers in bold indicate the location of main entries. Page numbers in italics indicate photos.
A-B Aktion (Extraordinary Pacification Operation), 267
Abetz, Otto, 1–2
antisemitism of, 2
assigned to “safeguard” art, 1–2
deportations under, 2
trial and conviction of, 2
translator on Hitler’s team during invasion of Poland, 1
Abwehr (military intelligence service), 140, 164, 194, 373
Adenauer, Konrad, 101–102
Aktion Reinhard (plan for the mass murder of Polish Jews in the General Government), 71, 79–80, 103–104, 109–110, 131–133, 153–154, 203, 232–233, 261, 288–289, 305–307, 370. See also Bełżec death camp; Sobibór death camp; Treblinka death camp
Aktion T-4 (Nazi euthanasia program), 16, 47–48, 287, 290, 303–307
Bernburg euthanasia center, 79–80, 181
and Brack, Viktor, 52–53
and Brandt, Karl, 56–58
and Conti, Leonardo, 65–67
and eugenics theory, 87–89
and Franz, Kurt, 91
Grafeneck euthanasia center, 202–203
Hadamar euthanasia center, 88, 132, 144–145, 181, 202–203, 306
Hartheim euthanasia center, 181
and Hering, Gottlieb, 131–132
and Irmfried, Eberl, 79–80
and Lambert, Erwin, 181
and Lange, Herbert, 182
and Miete, August, 202–204
origins of, 47–48
and Reichleitner, Franz, 232
Schloss Hartheim euthanasia center, 48, 262–263
Sonnenstein euthanasia center, 132, 181
and Stangl, Franz, 262–264
and Wagner, 303–305
and Wirth, Christian, 207, 305–307
See also Disabilities, euthanasia for people with; Sterilization
Aktion Erntefest (Harvest Festival), 132–133, 154, 178, 307
Aktion R, 203
Aktion Saybusch, 11
Aktion Sumpffieber (marsh fever), 162
Aktion Zamość, 64, 103, 178, 289
Al-Husseini, Haj Amin, 2–6
and Arab-Axis cooperation, 4–6
and Arab Revolt, 3–4
briefed on Final Solution, 4–5
Croatian Muslim division of Ustashe visited by, 5, 218
Holy Jihad overseen by, 4
World War I service of, 3
Alexander of Yugoslavia, 218
Allende, Salvador, 231
Amersfoort concentration camp, 126, 256
Anschluss of Austria and Germany, 82, 98, 123, 126, 164, 184, 198, 220, 229, 232, 255, 262, 297, 301, 303, 349, 404
Antonescu, Ion, 6–8
appointed conducator, 7–8
attempted coup against, 407
deposed and delivered to Soviets, 8, 411
early military career of, 6
Romanization policies of, 8
trial and execution of, 412
Arab Brigade, 5
Arab Legion, 5
Arab Revolt (1936–1939), 3–4
Arājs, Viktors, 8–10
Arājs Kommando leader, 8–10
deaths under, 8
deportations under, 8
and Riga massacre, 9–10
trial of, 10
Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp
Belgian Jews deported to, 408
children at, 5, 14, 60, 130, 216, 272, 371, 408
commandants, 5, 40, 105, 131, 150–153, 164, 175–177, 188–189, 272, 395–398
creation of, 12, 105, 151–152, 406
Dutch Jews deported to, 256, 408
evacuation of, 38, 39, 44, 58, 189, 300, 309, 411
execution statistics, 395–396, 398, 401
and Final Solution, 396–397, 400–401
first Auschwitz Trial (Poland’s Supreme National Tribunal), 189
Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, 39, 59
French Jews deported to, 2, 14, 50, 73, 186, 190, 216, 371, 408
Greek Jews deported to, 36, 37, 60, 73, 310
“Gypsy” (Roman) camp, 59, 152, 195, 196, 197, 200, 411
guards and officials, 31, 37–40, 44–45, 58, 59, 118, 198–199, 299–300
Hoess, Rudolf, affidavit regarding extermination at, 395–398
human experimentation at, 35, 40, 89, 99–100, 142–143, 194–198, 199–202, 210, 308–309, 397
Hungarian Jews deported to, 82, 152, 176, 298, 396, 401
interrogation at, 398
Italian Jews deported to, 73, 245, 246, 313, 409, 410
Latvian Jews deported to, 236
liberation of, 411
medical selection of prisoners, 309, 400
Norwegian Jews deported to, 282
Polish Jews deported to, 56, 103, 110, 167, 411
Polish political prisoners deported to, 406
Russian prisoners of war deported to, 396
size of, 151
Slovak Jews deported to, 23, 67, 292
Sonderkommando revolt, 411
standard operations, 152
Zyklon B gassing used at, 135, 285, 312
Auschwitz II. See Birkenau
Auschwitz III (Monowitz slave labor camp), 152, 189
Babi Yar massacre, 32–33, 33, 34, 162, 229, 407
Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem, 11–13
Bandenkampfverbände commander, 12
deaths under, 12–13
role in creation of Auschwitz, 12
on Strauch, Eduard, 265
trials of (non-war crimes), 13
and Warsaw Uprising, 12–13
World War I service of, 11
“Bandits” and “banding fighting,” 11, 12, 75–76, 381–384
Barbie, Klaus, 13–14
brutality of (“Butcher of Lyon”), 13–14, 159
capture and trial of, 14
deaths under, 14
Moulin, Jean, tortured and killed by, 14
recruited by Western Allies, 14
Barthou, Louis, 218
Battle of Belle Alliance, 292
Battle of Berlin, 184
Battle of Britain, 114, 149, 257
Battle of France, 248
Battle of Kursk, 386
Battle of Posen, 185
Battle of the Bulge, 150
Battle of Ypres, 283
Batz, Rudolf, 15–16
arrest of, 16
deaths under, 15
deportations under, 15
Einsatzgruppen commander, 15
Bauer, Erich, 16–17
deaths under, 16–17
Gasmesiter (Gas Master) at Sobibór death camp, 16
trial of, 17
Becher, Kurt, 17–20
Becher Deposit, 19
and Blood for Goods initiative, 17–19
and Kasztner Transport, 17, 18–19
and Manfred Weiss acquisition, 17, 18
prosecution witness at trial of Echmann, Adolf, 20
Becker-Freyseng, Hermann, 20–21
deaths under, 20
human experiments of, 20–21
named in Operation Paperclip, 21
trial of, 21
Beckmann, Rudolf, 16
Beer Hall Putsch, 21, 61, 76, 89, 97, 99, 113, 120, 137, 146, 237, 269, 275, 281, 318, 403
Bełżec extermination camp, 57, 77, 80, 90–92, 104, 131–132, 153, 182, 288–289, 306–307, 370, 408
Beneš, Edvard, 292
Berger, Gottlob, 21–23
antisemitism of, 21
and Dirlewanger, Oskar, 22, 74–75
knowledge of Final Solution, 22–23
trial of, 23
Bergstraesser, Arnold, 256
Best, Werner, 23–26
and escape of Danish Jews, 25
and ideological training for Gestapo, 24
and legal justification for Nazi policies, 23–24
Naumann Circle member, 249
replaced by Streckenbach, Bruno, 267
Białystok ghetto, 12, 54, 55, 71, 153, 407, 410
Biebow, Hans, 26–27
deportations under, 27
exploitation of slave labor by, 26–27
expropriation of Jewish property by, 26–27
Bierkamp, Walther, 27–28
deportations and deaths under, 28
in Einsatzgruppen testimony of Ohlendorf, Otto, 362
and Kapp Putsch, 27
Bikker, Herbertus, 29–31
brutality of (“Butcher of Omman”), 29
trial of, 30–31
Binz, Dorothea, 31–32
brutality of, 31–32
as guard trainer, 31, 199, 299
“malicious pleasure” taught by, 199
trial of, 32
Birkenau (primary Auschwitz mass-murder site)
construction of, 105, 152, 407, 408
destruction of gas chambers, 411
infirmary camp, 200–201
Stammlager (main camp), 299
women’s orchestra, 198–199
Zigeunerfamilienlager (Gypsy family camp), 59, 200
See also Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp
Blobel, Paul, 32–35
and Babi Yar massacre, 32–33, 33, 34
Einsatzgruppe Iltis commander, 34
Blomberg, Werner von, 134, 139, 205
Blome, Kurt, 35–36
hired by Western Allies post-war, 36
human experiments of, 35
trial of, 36
Blood and soil myth, 137
Blood for Goods initiative, 17–19, 310
Blood libel myth, 269, 325, 329–330
Blum, Léon, 187
Blume, Walter, 36–37
deaths and deportations under, 36–37
Haidari concentration camp set up by, 37
trial of, 37
Boger, Wilhelm, 37–39
Boger swing (instrument of torture), 38
brutality of (“Tiger of Auschwitz”), 37
trial and release of, 38
Böhme, Franz, 293–294
Bonnet, Georges, 1
Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz, 12
Bormann, Juana, 39–40
brutality of (“woman with the dogs”), 39–40
Bormann, Martin, 40–43
and Aid Organization for the Wounded, 65
condemned to death in absentia, 42
deaths under, 40–43
deception of Greiser, Arthur, 117
Eichmann’s power over the Jews signed by, 42
and Feme murders, 40–41
Göring, Hermann, accused of treason by, 116
in Hitler’s “My Political Testament,” 393, 394, 395
Hitler’s secretary, 42
and Hoess, Rudolf, 40–41
on Jewish question, 335
and Klopfer, Gerhard (Bormann’s assistant), 170–171
Party Chancellery headed by, 42, 48, 116, 170–171, 243
remains of discovered in Berlin, 42–43
son-in-law of Buch, Walter, 61, 62
and Speer, Albert, 259
Bormann, Martin, Jr., 42–43
Boss, Hugo, 43–44
denazification trial of, 44
design and production of Nazi uniforms by, 43–44
Bothe, Herta, 44–45
brutality of, 45–46
and evacuation of Auschwitz, 44–45
trial of, 45
Bothmann, Hans, 45–46
deaths under, 46
and liquidation of Łódź ghetto, 46
Sonderkommando Bothmann death camp, 45, 183
Bouhler, Philipp, 47–48
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 47–48, 53, 56–57, 66
capture of, 48
and gassing experiments, 48, 306
Bousquet, René, 48–52
deportations under, 49–50, 73, 124, 209
and Oberg-Bousquet accords, 50–51
trial of, 51–52
and Vel’ d’Hiv Roundup, 49–50
Brack, Viktor, 52–53
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 52–53
and gassing experiments, 306
trial of, 53
Bradfisch, Otto, 54–56
Einsatzkommando 8 commander, 54–55, 313
on legality of Minsk massacres, 55
and Minsk massacres, 54–55
trial of, 56
Brake, Wilhelm, 272
Brandenburg euthanasia center, 79, 85, 306
Brandt, Karl, 56–58
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 56–58, 66
human experiments of, 57
and Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German People, 47
trial of, 58
Braun, Eva, 150, 391, 394, 395
Brazaitis-Ambrazevičius Juozas, 169
Bredtvet concentration camp, 281, 282
British Mandate of Palestine, 3, 123, 347
capture of, 58
witness for the prosecution at trial of Tesch and Weinbacher, 58, 285
Brunner, Alois, 59–61
and definition of Jew, 310
deportations under, 59–60, 159
and Mackert, Alice, 193
sentenced to death in absentia, 60
Buch, Walter, 61–63
antisemitism of, 62
Beer Hall Putsch participant, 61
chairman of Nazi Party Court, 41, 62
legalization of Kristallnacht activities, 62
Buchenwald concentration camp
commandant of, 172
deportation of Dutch Jews to, 256
deportation of German Jews to, 190, 334
establishment of, 404
first movement of Dutch Jews to, 256
guards and officials, 31, 38, 66, 91, 127, 172–173, 271–273
human experimentation at, 66, 127, 172–173
and Kristallnacht, 334
liberation of, 411
slave labor mortality, 260
Bühler, Josef, 63–64
Nuremberg testimony of, 64
role in Final Solution, 63–64
trial of, 64
and Wannsee Conference, 63–64, 351, 353
Bullenhuser Damm massacre, 131, 272–273
Bund deutscher Mädel (League of German Girls; BdM), 31, 44, 74, 104, 118, 195, 210
Carol II of Romania, 7–8
Catholics, suppression and persecution of, 5, 95, 102–103, 134, 269. See also Hudal, Alois; Tiso, Jozef; Vatican
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 237
Chamberlain, Neville, 114, 234
Chełmno death camp, 26, 27, 56, 79, 296
deportation of Jews from Łódź ghetto to, 26, 27, 46, 56, 174, 183, 296
establishment of, 183
full operational status reached, 408
mass murders at, 46, 79, 117, 157, 174–175, 182–183, 296
Chełmno trials, 34
Chorin, Ferenc, 18
Churchill, Winston, 23
Civil Service Law (Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service), 98, 107, 148, 242, 404
Clamman, Hans-Georg, 20
Closius-Neudeck, Ruth, 31
Cold War, 21, 23, 51, 171, 247
Conant, James B., 247
Conference on the Jewish Question (November 12, 1938), 334–342. See also Regulation for the Elimination of Jews from the Economic Life of Germany
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 66–67, 130
antisemitism of, 65
arrest of, 66
Coughlin, Charles, 348
Csatáry, László, 67
Czerniakow, Adam, 154, 406, 409
Dachau concentration camp, 90, 102, 199, 308, 236, 334
Dachau Model, 84–85
establishment of, 76, 84, 134, 138, 404
guards and officials, 81, 151, 175
human experimentation at, 20, 35, 401
liberation of, 411
Dachau Model, 84–85
Dachau Trials, 274
Daladier, Edouard, 187
Daluege, Kurt, 69–72
head of uniformed Ordnungspolizei (Orpo), 70–72
and Krüger, Friedrich-Wilhelm, 178
murders under, 70–71
and Night of the Long Knives, 69–70
trial of, 71–72
Dannecker, Theodor, 72–73, 186
antisemitism of, 72
arrest of, 73
deportations under, 72–73, 186, 190
and Vel’ d’Hiv Roundup, 190
Darlan, François, 2
Decree for the Protection of the People and the State (Reichstag Fire Decree), 97, 120, 147–148, 250, 323–325
Demelhuber, Karl Maria, 127
Denazification, 26, 38, 44, 61, 63, 80, 89, 129, 171, 182, 249, 277
Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew; film), 108, 141–142
Der Stürmer (The Stormer), 268–270, 399
article on ritual murder (Streicher), 329–330
article on the Hebrew Bible (Streicher), 325–326
article regarding Hitler’s promise to free the world of Jews (Streicher), 376–377
Dirlewanger, Oskar, 73–76
antisemitism of, 74
and Berger, Gottlob, 22
brutality of, 75
deaths under, 75
Sonderkommando Dirlewanger concentration camp, 23, 74
Disabilities, euthanasia for people with, 16, 47, 48, 52–53, 57, 149, 174, 207, 230, 248, 303, 306
Doctors’ Trial, 21, 35–36, 53, 58, 66–67, 89, 100, 196, 212. See also International Military Tribunal Trial of Major War Criminals
Dönitz, Karl, 393
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 109, 163, 255, 301
Dolp, Hermann, 76–77
and construction of Dachau concentration camp, 76
and Globocnik, Odilo, 103
trial of, 77
Dönitz, Karl, 256, 260, 277, 283, 293
Dressler, Hans, 9
Drosihn, Joachim Hans, 284–285
Duckwitz, Georg, 25
Dulles, Allen W., 313
Eberl, Irmfried, 79–80
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 79–80
arrest of, 80
and construction of Treblinka death camp, 289
dismissal from Treblinka, 80
Eckart, Dietrich, 146
Eichmann, Adolf, 80–83
and al-Husseini, Haj Amin, 4, 5
biography of, 81–82
and Blood for Goods scheme, 18–19
and Brunner, Alois, 59–60, 193
and Dannecker, Theodor, 72–72
and deportation of Greek Jews, 37
and deportation of Hungarian Jews, 82, 279–280, 299, 305, 310–311, 410
Einsatzgruppe Ägypten (Einsatzgruppe Egypt) created by, 5
and Final Solution implementation, 42, 80–83, 152, 156–159, 293, 297, 400, 401, 407
Gestapo Office of Jewish Emigration headed by, 134, 204, 261
and Hagen, Herbert, 123–124
head of Reich Main Security Office-Amt IV B4 (Jews and Clearances), 80, 81, 82, 124
Höfle Telegram to, 154
Höppner memorandum to, 156–157
and Hudal, Alois, 159
and Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 81, 163
and Łódź ghetto, 296
and Müller, Heinrich, 204
and Nisko Plan, 59, 82, 207, 261
Reich Main Security Office-Amt IV B4 (Jews and Clearances) headed by, 80, 81, 82, 124, 290
report on activities in Vienna (August 22, 1938), 330–332
and Six, Franz, 257
trial of, 13, 20, 81, 83, 175, 258, 311, 312, 313
and Veesenmayer, Edmund, 297–299
and Vienna Model, 59
Wannsee Protocol conference secretary, 82, 352, 353, 360–361
and Wisliceny, Dieter, 309–311
Eicke, Theodor, 83–85
antisemitism of, 85
and Dachau Model (SS-System Eicke or Dachauerschule), 85
and Death’s Head SS division (SS-Totenkopfver-bände), 105, 155, 161, 188
and Hoess, Rudolf, 151
inspector of concentration camps, 77, 155, 409
Eikenaar, Albert, 30
Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads), 15, 32–34, 139, 157, 161, 165, 247, 248, 256, 278–279, 297
Einsatzgruppe A, 8, 15, 169, 184, 245–246, 260, 261–262, 264, 362
Einsatzgruppe Ägypten (Einsatzgruppe Egypt), 5
Einsatzgruppe B, 12, 36, 54, 207–208, 257, 312, 362
Einsatzgruppe C, 32, 34, 228–229, 289, 290, 362, 368
Einsatzgruppe D, 27–28, 212, 361, 362, 368, 369
Einsatzgruppe England, 256, 257
Einsatzgruppe Iltis, 34
Einsatzgruppe Naumann, 183
mission of, 15, 32, 54, 82, 135, 245–246, 267–268, 400, 407
Ohlendorf, Otto, testimony at Einsatzgruppe trial, 213, 361–369
ordered to establish ghettos in Poland, 406
Einsatzgruppe trial, 33, 37, 213, 229, 258, 265–266, 291, 361–369
Ehrhardt, Hermann, 61
Enabling Act, 97, 98, 101, 148, 325, 404
Eternal Jew, The (film), 108, 141–142
Eugenics, 53, 56, 87–88, 149, 194–195
Evian Conference, 4, 343–349, 405
“Executive measures on the civilian population,” 230
Experiments. See Human experiments
Fabrikaktion (Factory Action), 409
Falstad concentration camp, 281
Farouk of Egypt, 5
Fénelon, Fania, 199
antisemitism of, 88
denazification of, 89
human experiments of, 87–88
and Magnussen, Karin, 195
Mein Kampf inspired by, 88
Fischer, Fritz, 100, 210, 372–373
Fischer-Saller scale, 88
Forced labor, 89–90, 105, 110, 124, 153, 165, 167–168, 177–178, 219–222, 239, 246, 260, 279, 292, 302, 313, 406
Forced sterilization. See Sterilization
Forsyth, Frederick, 236
Frahm, Johann, 272
Franco-German Committee, 1
Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, 39, 59
Frank, Hans, 89–91, 241, 255, 267, 370
and A-B Aktion (Ausserorden-tliche Befriedungsaktion (Extraordinary Pacification Operation), 268
brutality of (“Butcher of Poland”), 89
and Bühler, Josef, 63–64
governor-general of occupied Poland, 63, 71, 90–91, 301–302
and Heydrich’s assassination, 71
legal justifications provided by, 90–91
and Nisko Plan, 261
personal lawyer to Hitler, 89
speech to his cabinet (December 16, 1941), 350–352
Frank, Karl Hermann, 261
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 91–92, 203
brutality of, 92
deaths under, 92–93
Treblinka death camp commander, 306
and “Treblinka song,” 92
trial of, 93
Freikorps, 11, 35, 40, 74, 76, 83, 89, 97, 104, 133, 151, 161, 209, 222, 253, 266, 275, 295, 301, 311
Freikorps Bund Oberland, 125
Freikorps Graf Dohna, 188
Freikorps Grenzschutz Ost, 116
Freikorps Lauterbach, 136
Freikorps Oberland, 99
Freikorps Rossbach, 69
Freikorps von Lützow, 177
Freikorps Wesel, 293
abusive power by, 94–95
death sentences under, 94
“precocious juvenile criminal” introduced as concept by, 94
president of People’s Court, 93–94, 275, 287
and Rassenschande (racial shame), 93, 120
and Wannsee Conference, 94, 250
Freitag, Batz, 15
Frick, Wilhelm, 96–98
antisemitism of, 98
and Law Regarding Measures of State Self-Defense, 98, 120
policy influence of, 96–97
Minister of the Interior, 97, 403
Reichsprotektor of Bohemia and Moravia, 98, 410
trial of, 98
and Wannsee Conference, 277
Fritsch, Werner von, 134, 139, 205
Frøslev prison camp, 25
Ganzenmüller, Albert, 312
Gassing
carbon monoxide, 48, 79, 157, 183, 303, 306
gas vans, 28, 34, 46, 57, 117, 174, 182, 183, 185, 207, 213, 230, 265, 294, 296, 306, 306, 361, 367–369
Zyklon B, 58, 135, 152, 155, 230, 283–285, 312, 397
Gebhardt, Karl, 99–100
attendant at Heydrich’s assassination, 99, 211
brutality of, 100
human experiments of, 100, 130
and Oberheuser, Herta, 99, 100, 210–211
trial of, 100
Gehlen, Reinhard, 60
Generalgouvernement (semi-independent portion of Poland), 29, 90–91, 103, 124, 156, 174, 254, 261, 266, 293, 350–352, 370, 385
Generalplan Ost, 103–104, 139, 267, 312
German Students’ Union, 248
German Women’s League, 198
German Workers’ Party (DAP), 89, 93, 107, 146, 237, 269, 315, 403. See also National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Gerstein, Kurt, 285
Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police)
and Barbie, Klaus, 13–14
and Batz, Rudolf, 15
and Best, Werner, 24
and Blume, Walter, 36–37
and Bothmann, Hans, 45
and Bradfisch, Otto, 54
and Eichmann, Adolf, 80, 81, 82, 83, 134, 400
in France, 13–14, 186, 190, 193–194, 372–376
and Harster, Wilhelm, 125
and Himmler, Heinrich, 98, 113, 134, 137, 138
interrogation techniques of, 120
and Klopfer, Gerhard, 170
lack of limits on, 98, 120–121
and Lange, Rudolf, 184
legal protections for, 24, 138–139
and Lischka, Kurt, 190
and Mackert, Alice, 193–194, 372–376
in Munich, 266
and Müller, Heinrich, 34, 204–205, 257
Office for Jewish Emigration, 59, 72, 82, 134, 261, 330–332, 405
and organizational structure of German police force, 70
subsumed under Reichsicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office), 24, 123, 139–140, 163, 164
and Sandberger, Martin, 245–246
and Schöngarth, Karl Eberhard, 254
Stuttgart Criminal Police (Kripo), 306
See also Night of the Long Knives
Gestapo Court, 398
Giesler, Gauleiter Paul, 393
Globke, Hans, 100–102
antisemitism of, 100
co-author of Commentary on German Racial Legislation, 276
coauthor of Nuremberg race laws, 101, 276
tried in absentia, 102
Globocnik, Odilo, 102–104
Aktion Reinhard death camps manager, 92, 103, 153–154, 233, 288–289, 307
capture of, 104
deaths under, 104
gas chamber executions proposed by, 103–104
and Höfle, Hermann (Globocnik’s chief of staff), 110, 153–154
primary architect of Holocaust in German-occupied Poland, 77, 80, 90, 102–104
in Trieste, 104, 154, 189, 263
and Wolff, Karl, 312
Glücks, Richard, 104–106
capture of, 106
and Hoppe, Paul-Werner, 155
and implementation of final solution, 105
inspector of concentration camps, 104–105, 128, 152
and Liebehenschel, Arthur, 188, 189
Goebbels, Joseph, 42, 94, 106–109, 117, 234, 258, 281, 282
antisemitism of, 106–107
Conference on the Jewish Question, 334–342
and Daluege, Kurt (Goebbels’ deputy gauleiter), 69
elected to Reichstag, 107
and Hippler, Fritz, 140–142
and Hitler’s “My Political Testament,” 109, 393, 394, 395
propaganda and film under, 106–108
Goeth, Amon, 109–111
brutality of, 109–110
depicted in Schindler’s List, 109, 110
trial of, 111
Göring, Hermann, 97, 103, 107, 111–116, 117, 138, 234, 259, 270, 275–276
and Antonescu, Ion, 7
appointed by Hitler as second-in-charge and successor, 111
and Beer Hall Putsch, 113, 146
Conference on the Jewish Question, 334–342
corruption and plundering of, 114
elected to Reichstag, 107, 113
Final Solution role of, 115–116, 135, 205
Gestapo established by, 113, 404
Hermann Göring Works, 114
and Hitler’s “My Political Testament,” 391, 395
and Manfred Weiss acquisition, 18
and Night of the Long Knives, 113, 134
party expulsion of, 393
Regulation for the Elimination of Jews from the Economic Life of Germany, (November 12, 1938), 342–343
World War I service of, 112–113
Greiser, Arthur, 46, 116–117, 296
knowledge of Holocaust, 117
and Koppe, Wilhelm, 174
trial of, 117
brutality of (“Beautiful Beast”), 31, 118–119, 199
and Mengele, Josef, 119
Grossaktion Warschau, 154
Gürtner, Franz, 48, 84, 119–121
and escape of Eicke, Theodor, 84
first People’s Court opened by, 120
legal sanction for Nazi criminal actions provided by, 119, 121
and Schlegelberger, Franz, 242, 250
Gypsies. See Roma
Haavara Agreement, 123, 347, 349, 404
Haber, Fritz, 283
Hagen, Herbert, 123–125
antisemitism of, 123
deaths under, 123–125
deportations under, 124–125
trial of, 125
Harrer, Karl, 403
Harster, Wilhelm, 125–126, 313
“sharpened interrogation” under, 125
trial of, 126
Haug, Martin, 247
Haushofer, Karl, 146
Haussmann, Wolfgang, 247
Heim, Aribert, 126–127
brutality of (“Dr. Death”), 126–127
escape of, 127
human experiments of, 127
Heimschutz (home guard) movement, 81, 109, 235
Heissmeyer, August, 127–129, 131, 253
director of elite training schools of SS youth, 127–129
trial of, 129
Heissmeyer, Kurt, 129–131
antisemitism of, 129
human experiments of, 130–131, 271, 272
trial of, 131
Herbergs, Ben, 29–30
Hering, Gottlieb, 131–133, 307
and Aktion T-4 (euthanasia) program, 131–132
and liquidating the Jewish labor camp at Poniatowa, 131–133
Hess, Rudolf, 41, 62, 147, 170
Heuaktion (Operation Hay Harvesting), 22, 23
Heuss, Theodor, 247
Heydrich, Reinhard, 133–136, 221
and Aktion 1005 (destruction of corpses from Holocaust), 34, 46
and Aktion Reinhard, 71, 103–105
antisemitism of, 133
assassination of, 69, 71, 99, 139, 164, 205, 211, 230, 312, 370, 408
and Auschwitz expansion, 105
and creation of Gestapo and Security Service SD, 24, 138
and creation of Soldau transit camp, 229
decree on identification of Jews, 295–296
head of RSHA, 24, 139, 164, 207
Kristallnacht pogrom instructions, 332–334
and Oberg, Carl (right-hand man to Heydrich), 209–210
and Operation Barbarossa, 54
orders establishment of ghettos in German-occupied Poland, 406
and Rauff, Walter (aide to Heydrich), 230–232
responsible for implementing Jewish policy and final solution, 82, 103–104, 115, 135, 204–205, 311
and Six, Max, 257
and Streckenbach, Bruno, 266, 267, 268
and Thomas, Max, 290
and Wannsee Conference, 63–64, 82, 115, 204–205, 239, 250, 254, 277, 339, 341, 351, 352, 353, 356, 360–361
Himmler, Heinrich, 136–140
and Aktion 14f13, 47
and al-Husseini, Haj Amin, 5–7
and Berger, Gottlob, 21–23
capture of, 140
and creation of bandit-fighting formations (Bandenkampfverbände), 12
coauthor of Der Untermensch (The Sub-Human) pamphlet, 22
and control of Manfred Weiss armaments firm, 18
and Daluege, Kurt, 70–71
and Dirlewanger, Oskar, 74–75
and establishment of Auschwitz, 406
and establishment of Dachau, 84
extracts from speech to senior SS officers (October 4, 1943), 386–391
in extracts from Ohlendorf’s Einsatzgruppen testimony, 363–364, 367
and Frick, Wilhelm, 98
and Generalplan Ost, 103–104, 139, 267, 312
Gestapo role, 98, 113, 134, 137, 138
and German resettlement plan, 117, 245, 266, 245
and Glücks, Richard, 105–106
and Heydrich, Reinhard, 103–104, 134, 135
and Hirt, August, 143–144
in Hitler’s “My Political Testament,” 391, 393, 395
and Minsk massacre, 55
and Night of the Long Knives, 113
and Oberg, Carl, 209–210
order for closing of Sobibór, 17, 132
order for completion of the Final Solution (July 19, 1942), 369–370
order for destruction of Auschwitz gas chambers, 411
order for liquidation of Ostland ghettos (June 21, 1943), 385–386, 410
order for liquidation of Vilna, 17, 132, 167
and Pohl, Oswald, 220–221
and Sandberger, Martin, 245–246
and Scholtz-Klink, Gertrud, 252
and Streckenbach, Bruno, 266
and Stroop, Jürgen, 274
and Stuckart, Wilhelm, 275
“Twelve Apostles” of, 22
and Wolff, Karl (chief of staff to Himmler), 311–313
Hindenburg, Paul von, 147–148, 234, 323, 325, 403, 404
Hinselmann, Hans, 309
Hippler, Fritz, 140–142
antisemitism of, 141
films of, 141–142
promotion to head of Reich Propaganda Ministry, 141
Hirt, August, 142–144
and display of victims at Anatomy Institute at Reich University of Strasbourg, 143, 176
human experiments of, 142–144
tried in absentia, 144
Hirtreiter, Josef, 144–145
arrests and trial of, 145
brutality of, 145
Hitler, Adolf, 145–150
antisemitism of, 146–148, 318–323, 349–350
appointed chancellor, 147–148, 403
assassination attempts, 140, 150, 164, 184, 190, 208, 235, 411
and Beer Hall Putsch, 21, 61, 76, 89, 97, 99, 113, 120, 137, 146, 237, 269, 275, 281, 318, 403
declares himself Führer (“uncontested leader”), 148, 404
early biography, 145
and Enabling Act, 97, 98, 101, 148, 325, 404
extract from speech to the Reichstag (January 30, 1939), 349–350
and Führerprinzip leader principle, 147
and invasion of Poland, 149
and Kristallnacht, 149
in Landsberg Prison for failed Beer Hall Putsch, 88, 90, 120, 147, 318, 403
Mein Kampf, 88, 147, 237, 238, 318–323, 403
“My Political Testament” (April 29, 1945), 391–395
and Nuremberg Laws, 148
and Olympic Games of 1936, 148
and Operation Barbarossa, 149–150
racial theories of, 145
and Reichstag Fire Decree, 97, 120, 147–148, 250, 323–325
trial of, 403
and World War II, 149–150
World War I service, 146
See also Nuremberg Laws
Hitler Shock Troop (Stosstrupp-Hitler), 61
Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend), 1, 4, 13, 31, 37, 43, 45, 58, 108, 129, 234, 404
affidavit regarding extermination at Auschwitz, 395–398
and Bormann, Martin, 40–41
commandant of Auschwitz, 5, 105, 131, 150–152, 164, 175–176, 198, 272
deputy inspector of concentration camps, 152
and development of Auschwitz, 151–152
guard at Dachau, 151
and Kramer, Josef (Hoess’s assistant), 175–176
trial of, 152–153
Höfle, Hermann, 153–154
and Aktion Reinhard, 153–154
deportations under, 153–154
deputy for Globocnik, Odilo, 103, 110, 153
Höfle Telegram, 154
and Slovak National Uprising, 23
Hohberg und Buchwald, Anton von, 11, 13
Holy Jihad, 4
Hoppe, Paul-Werner, 154–156
deaths under, 155–156
knowledge of Final Solution, 155
trial of, 156
Höppner, Rolf-Heinz, 156–158
memorandum to Eichmann proposing Holocaust options, 156–157
trial of, 158
Horthy, Miklós, 278, 279, 297, 411
Hudal, Alois, 158–159
antisemitism of, 158
and Vatican ratlines, 158–159, 231, 236, 263, 303, 304–305
Human experimentation
at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 35, 40, 89, 99–100, 142–143, 194–198, 199–202, 210, 308–309, 397
of Becker-Freyseng, Hermann, 20–21
of Blome, Kurt, 35–36
at Brandenburg, 306
of Brandt, Karl, 57
at Buchenwald, 66, 127, 172–173
at Bullenhuser Damm, 131
cancer experimentation, 35–36, 308–309, 397
on children, 129–131, 196, 201, 210–211, 271–272
cold water experimentation, 32, 401
Doctors’ Trial, 21, 35–36, 53, 58, 66–67, 89, 100, 196, 212
at Ebensee, 127
of Fischer, Eugen, 87–89
of Heim, August, 127
of Heissmeyer, Kurt, 129–131, 271–272
of Hirt, August, 142–144
of Hoess, Rudolf, 152
Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes (KWI), 88, 89, 196–197, 283
of Mengele, Josef, 40, 89, 196, 198, 199–202
mustard-gas experimentation, 142–143
at Natzweiler-Struthof, 142–144
of Nebe, Arthur, 207–208
at Neuengamme, 130–131, 271–272
of Oberheuser, Herta, 198, 210
pressure-chamber experimentation, 20–21, 401
at Ravensbrück, 99–100, 210–212, 217, 271
seawater and salt water experimentation, 20, 208
selection process, 198–199, 201, 398
sterilization and reproductive experimentation, 53, 57, 87, 88, 201, 308, 397
sulfonamide experimentation, 99–100, 210–211
surgical experimentation, 99, 211
tuberculosis experimentation, 99, 130–131, 271
twin experimentation, 89, 195–196, 200–201
typhus experimentation, 45, 66, 176, 284, 308
of Wirths, Eduard, 308–309
Husseini, Haj Amin al-. See Al-Husseini, Haj Amin