A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | Y | Z
Adak, 489
Admiralty Islands, 444
Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense (NDAC), 51
Aegean Sea, 407
AFL, 55, 56, 195, 263, 265, 521
AFL-CIO, 194. See also CIO
Africa, 10, 12, 16, 64, 68, 74, 79, 179, 187, 235, 236, 239, 302, 310, 311, 317, 325, 368, 371, 372, 377, 383, 480, 493, 527, 546, 552; East Africa, 77; North Africa, 15, 69, 74-75, 76, 80, 86, 88, 143, 153, 179-180, 186, 191, 229, 234, 237, 247, 283, 285-298, 305, 308-309, 312, 313, 317, 319-323, 327-330, 342, 349, 377, 381, 392, 396, 548, 578; Northwest Africa, 180, 236, 313, 326; West Africa, 13. See also Algiers; GYMNAST; Libya; Morocco; TORCH; Tunis
Agaña, Guam, 202
Agar, Herbert, 272
Agricultural lobby in Congress, 197
Agriculture, Department of, 23, 62, 143
Aid: to China, 20, 79, 81, 82-83, 98, 110, 145, 153, 156, 186, 242, 317, 323, 374, 376, 378, 415, 422, 445, 541, 544, 549, 589, 590; to Great Britain, 11-12, 13, 15, 16, 23, 24-25, 28, 33, 38, 41, 42, 46, 51, 69, 84, 87, 88, 98, 100, 103, 115, 133, 134, 153, 211, 234, 247, 513, 549, 608; to Russia, 103, 111-112, 114, 115, 127, 151, 152, 153, 211, 232, 233-234, 237, 247, 248-249, 310, 319, 398, 411; to Turkey, 414
Air Force, U.S.: air unit offered to Stalin, 313; and the Atlantic war, 244; Eighth Air Force, 446; Fourteenth Air Force, 445; Fifteenth Air Force, 446; Twentieth Air Force (509th Composite Group), 558
Air power, 12, 46, 445-446, 474, 494. See also Bombing
Air rights, 514
Alaska, 181, 226, 231, 233, 266, 490, 507
Alaska-Siberia airplane ferry route, 313
Aleutian Islands, 225, 226, 337, 489, 523
Alexander, Sir Harold, 319, 327, 329, 478, 586
Algiers, 173, 285, 286, 288-298, 314, 320, 371, 389, 481, 482, 579
Aliens, treatment of, in the U.S., 214, 268
Allen, George E., 503
Alsace-Lorraine, 365
Aluminum, dearth of, 52
Aluminum Company of America, 52
Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 55, 263
Amazon River, 316
America First Committee, 41, 48, 120, 134, 500
“American Century,” 357
American Civil Liberties Union, 216
American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 472
American Jewish Congress, 395
American Labor party, 277, 281
American Legion, 220
Andaman Islands, 202, 222, 414, 415
Anderson, Sir John, 457
Anderson, Maxwell, 271
Anglo-American-Canadian policy committee, 457
Angola, 397
Ann Arbor, Mich., 466
Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936, 19
Antigua, 25
Anti-Semitism, 280. See also Jews
ANVIL, 414, 415, 439, 440, 478-480
Appeasement, 28
Appropriations Committee (Senate), 432
Arabs, 397, 578-579. See also Ibn Saud
Arakan, Burma, 541
ARCADIA Conference, 178-190, 229, 247
Argentia meeting, 125-131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 178, 475
Argentina, 57
Arizona, U.S.S., 162
Arkansas Valley development, 301
Army, U.S., 246, 349, 470-472; First Army, 482; Third Army, 482; Fifth Army, 321, 394, 438; Seventh Army, 382; II Corps, 326, 329; Corps of Engineers, 251; 36th Division, 438; 7th Infantry Division, 489; 9th Infantry Division, 321; Ordnance, 250, 344; Specialized Training Program, 464; War Plans Division, 229. See also Combined Chiefs of Staff; Joint Chiefs of Staff, American
Army Air Force. See Air Force, U.S.
Army-Navy Joint Board, 182
Arnold, Henry (“Hap”), 183, 316, 318, 402, 407, 446, 490, 494
“Arsenal of Democracy” speech. See Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: oratory
Artificial harbors, 477
Asia. See Far East; Pacific theater; and names of specific Asian countries Athens, 538, 565
Atlanta Constitution, 599
Atlantic bases, acquisition of, 160
Atlantic Charter, 128, 130, 132, 183, 187, 242, 243, 362, 379, 380, 384, 467, 534, 547, 560, 572, 583, 592, 593; quoted, 130-131
Atlantic Convoy (film), 271
Atlantic First strategy, 86, 87, 91-92, 101-107, 112, 115, 128, 150, 179, 181, 188, 189, 207, 217, 231, 242-243, 312, 314, 319, 422, 546, 593, 609
Atlantic theater, 10, 12, 13, 65, 69, 77, 79, 80, 87, 89-91, 92, 98-104, 110, 111, 127, 139-141, 142, 143, 147-148, 173-174, 180, 243-245, 308, 309, 327, 328, 368, 474
Atomic bomb, 249-252, 345, 455-459, 546, 550, 558, 587, 591, 596, 608
Augusta, U.S.S., 125, 126, 129, 475
Australia, 20, 90, 156, 181, 185, 186, 203-204, 207, 209, 223, 225, 248, 266, 283, 382, 390, 444, 488
Auto Workers (union), 193
Automobile industry, 118
Avery, Sewell, 454-455
Axis. See Germany; Italy; Japan
Azores, 65, 105, 127, 180, 352, 353
B-18’s, 346
B-24 Liberators, 346
B-29’s, 558
Badoglio, Pietro, 384, 385, 391-394, 422, 548, 608
Bailey, Josiah, 98
Balaklava, 578
Bali, 223
Balkans, 14, 15, 17, 64, 65, 71-72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 94, 100, 305, 308, 314, 369, 392, 408, 479, 483-484, 518, 537, 545, 557
Ball, Joseph H., 426, 526, 594
Baltic, 17, 94, 102, 187, 365, 409, 413, 557, 582
Baltimore, U.S.S., 488, 489, 496
Bangkok, 203
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 514
Bankhead, William B., 427, 506
Bankhead bill, 340
Banking and Currency Committee (House), 197; (Senate), 40
“Barbarossa” (German plan to crush
Russia), 68, 72, 106. See also Russia: German invasion
Barbary Coast, 403
Barclay, Edwin, 324
Barkley, Alben W., 40, 48, 164, 197, 258, 427, 429, 433, 434, 435-436, 437, 504, 506, 533
Barton, Bruce, 98
Baruch, Bernard, 52-53, 60, 62, 247, 259, 334, 339, 340, 352, 432, 449, 451, 581
Bastert, Russell, 551
Bastogne, 554
Bataan Peninsula, 206, 207, 226
Bean, Louis H., 524
Beard, Charles A., 516
Beaverbrook, Lord, 153, 179, 182, 334
Becker, Carl, 516
Belgium, 33, 80, 185, 365, 474
Belgrade, 71-72
Beneš, Eduard, 300
Bengal, 381
Bengal, Bay of, 202, 222, 231, 376, 404, 405, 411
Benghazi, 76
Bennett, John J., 277
Bering Strait, 368
Berle, Adolf A., 129, 398, 580, 603
Berlin, 17, 80, 446, 557, 582, 585, 599 Bermuda, 266, 396, 580
Bessarabia, 15
Beveridge, Sir William, 361
Biddle, Francis, 164, 214, 215, 216, 217, 337, 453, 455, 594
Big Three meetings. See Casablanca Conference; Teheran Conference; Yalta Conference
Big Four (China, Great Britain, Russia, United States), 358, 359, 366, 404, 409, 427, 515, 516, 544, 547, 549, 604, 609. See also names of specific countries
Bilbo, Theodore G., 427
Bill of Rights, 214, 386; second, proposed, 560
Biscay, Bay of, 87
Bismarck (German battleship), 99-100, 126
Bismarck Archipelago, 202
Bitter Lake, 578
Bituminous-coal mines, 335
Bizerte, 285. 298, 326, 329, 330
Black Americans: discriminationagainst, in industry, 54, 264-265, 421, 462-463, 466, 510; Federal Employment Practices Committee and, 124, 264-265, 421, 462; importance of, to the war effort, 271-272, 385; integration as postwar problem, 466; lynching of, 388; migration of, to cities, 355, 461, 462; plight of, in the U.S., 54-55; problems of, mentioned by Gandhi in letter to F.D.R., 239; race riots involving, 388, 466; refused admittance to white universities, 462-463; right of, to jobs, 510; and F.D.R., 123-124, 265-266, 463, 472; Eleanor Roosevelt as spokeswoman for, 8, 59, 123, 124, 266, 472; in the services, 54-55, 265-266, 471-472, 512; shifting to Republican party, 280; and the South, 431, 461, 462; tendency to vote Democratic, 524; transitional period for, 262, 462-463; urge President to abolish discrimination in federal agencies, 123; vote for F.D.R., 530; Willkie as champion of, 499, 512
Blair House, 451
“Blue Print for Extermination,” 395
Board of Economic Warfare (BEW), 341
Boeing plant, Seattle, 269, 334
Boettiger, John, 269, 406, 414, 579
Boettiger, Mrs. John. See Roosevelt, Anna
Boettiger, John, Jr. (Johnnie), 532, 579
Bohlen, Charles E., 406
Bohr, Niels, 249-250, 457, 458, 459, 591
Bombay Harbor, 549
Bombing: of Belgrade, 71-72; of Chungking, 81-82; of Europe, 484; of France, planned, 305; of Germany, 17, 237, 244, 325, 345, 346, 370, 371, 445-446, 554, 557, 595-596, 601; of Great Britain, 9, 29, 33, 78, 79, 558; of Japan, 86, 224, 344-345, 346. 445, 486, 558, 588, 595-596, 599; of Rome, 383
Bonhomme Richard (French warship), 481
Bonomi, Ivanoe, 537
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 219
Bowles, Chester, 350
Boy Scouts, 467
Brady, Dorothy, 33
Bremerhaven, 519
Bremerton, 269, 490, 508-509, 521
Brenner Pass, 330
Brest-Litovsk, 483
Bretton Woods meeting, 514
Bricker, John W., 502
Bridges, Sir Edward, 565
Bridges, Harry, 217
Briggs, Lyman J., 250
Brindisi, 394
Brisbane, 176
British Empire, 129, 131; Churchill and, 379, 573, 592. See also Great Britain
Brittany, 482
Brogan, D. W., 469
Brooke, Alan, 75, 182, 231, 235, 311, 312, 317, 319, 368, 407
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 123, 264
Brown, Prentiss M., 340
Bruenn, Howard G., 448-449, 449-450, 507, 508, 533, 573, 574, 584, 595, 600
Bruner, Jerome, 467
Buchan, John, 611
Buck, Pearl, 381
Budapest, 565
Budget: (1941), 121; (1942), 192; (1943), 306-307; (1944), 460; (1945/6), 560
Bukovina, 15
Bulgaria, 68, 71, 73, 94, 537, 554
Bulge, Battle of the, 554, 560, 565
Bullitt, William C, 91, 350, 399
Bundy, McGeorge, 266
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 316
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 460
Bureau of Ships, 244
Bureau of the Budget. 247, 353, 452
Burma, 20, 182, 186, 201, 202, 203, 205, 218, 229, 240, 242, 267, 315, 375, 376, 377, 381, 383, 404, 443, 444, 445, 446, 541, 544, 591, 593
Burton, Harold H., 426
Bush, Vannevar, 251, 344, 345, 350, 456, 457, 464, 591
Business Advisory Council, Commerce Department, 177
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 37
Buzon, 207
“Buzzie.” See Dall, Curtis, Jr.
Byelorussia, 483
Byrd, Harry, 49, 421, 426, 506, 562
Byrnes, James F.: appointment of, as Director of the Office of Economic Stabilization, 262, 339; birthday party for, 337; combines with Senator Byrd to give Congress control over Lend-Lease appropriations, 49; cuts appropriation for Senate Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program, 119; Democratic Senator from South Carolina, 40; dubbed “Assistant President” by the press, 340; favors having public-relations man on staff, 452; head of Office of War Mobilization, 350, 354; helps prepare F.D.R.’s fireside chat on mine strike, 336; and John L. Lewis, 337; mediator between Wallace and Jones, 342; member of Foreign Relations Committee, 48: and National Railway Labor Panel Chairman, 338; not informed of F.D.R.’s proposal for national-service bill, 432; offers his resignation, 432; prods Attorney General to seize Montgomery Ward plant, 455; proposes new Office of War Mobilization, 340; replacement for Hopkins on domestic matters, 447; reports on shipping problems, 560; role of, in choice of 1944 candidate for Vice President, 503-504, 505-506, 509; sets up War Mobilization Committee, 451; and Harold Smith, 452; suggested by Frances Perkins as her successor, 561; suggests Vinson to succeed him as Economic Stabilizer, 340; and tax policy, 363, 364, 434, 436, 437, 561; and union disputes, 336, 337, 338, 341; at White House correspondents’ dinner, 594; at Yalta Conference, 565, 568, 573
Byron, Lord, quoted, 184
Cabinet: Great Britain, 10-11; U.S. (1940), 23-24, (1941), 39-40
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 565
Caen, 477
Cairo Conference, first, 389, 402-405, 415, 544; second, 389, 414-416, 443, 445
Calabria, 438
Calcutta, 381
California, 176, 214, 215, 216, 226, 267, 463, 473, 507
Cameroons, 397
Camp Pendleton, 270
Camp Shelby, 270
Campobello, 143
Campus strife, 466
Canada, 100, 104, 185, 457, 474, 477, 482, 595
Canary Islands, 127
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 271
Canton, 541
Cantril, Hadley, 112, 280, 281, 290, 559, 583
Cape Verde Islands, 180
Capra, Frank, 471
Carpathians, 557
Carthage, 403
Casablanca, 179, 285, 289, 290, 292, 293, 379, 480
Casablanca Conference, 308, 314-321, 322-325, 367, 368, 370, 381, 389, 456
Casualties, Allied, 546; German, 554
Catapults, 493
Catledge, Turner, 453
Caucasus, 143, 173. 187, 228, 233, 237, 248, 300, 308, 310, 313
Cavite naval base, 175
Celebes, the, 202
Central America, 147. See also Latin America
Ceylon, 222
Chandler, Douglas, 498
Channel Islands, 308
Charlottesville, Va., 475, 491
Chennault, Claire L., 83, 242, 376, 377, 445, 485, 541, 544, 545
Cherable Islands, 24
Cherbourg, 477
Cherwell, Lord, 456
Chetniks, 272
Chiang Kai-shek: air adviser to, 376; Axis unity calculated to put pressure on, for settlement with Japan, 19, 79, 81; at Cairo Conference, 389, 399, 402, 403-405, 592; Chief of Staff to, 242, 541, 588; commends surrender of British and American extraterritorial rights in China, 375; correspondence of, with F.D.R. re India, 240-242; deemed ineffective by U.S. Foreign Service, 589; description of, 82, 403; emissary from F.D.R. to, 82-83, 542; home of, 82; Hopkins on, 238; and Japanese-American détente, 145, 156; and military operation in the Andamans, 414-415; mourns F.D.R., 601: not present at second Cairo Conference, 414; offers Chinese resources to the British, 205; offers proposal for recognition of Chinese Communists, 589; persuaded to allow American visit to Chinese Communists, 542; problems of, caricature Stalin’s, 374; refuses to reform his government, 543, 544, 545, 576, 589; requests F.D.R. to freeze Chinese assets in the U.S., 109; F.D.R. discusses, with Stalin, 407; F.D.R. favors giving aid to, 82, 186, 378, 414-415, 541, 590; F.D.R. to consult, on Russian ports in the Far East, 574, 577; and Stilwell, 242, 375, 376, 377, 378, 541, 542, 543-544; supreme commander of Allied forces in his theater of operation, 186; suspects British of filching supplies promised to China, 205; sympathetic to Indian nationalists, 239-240; urged by F.D.R. to convene conference for joint planning in the Far East, 188; wants massive arms aid and seat in strategic councils, 186. See also China
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 82, 145, 376-377, 378, 403-404
Chicago, 48, 275, 455, 462, 500, 525, 527, 534
Chicago convention: Democratic (1932), 316, 497, 508, (1944), 488, 504-507; Republican (1944), 502
Chicago Daily News, 39
Chicago Defender, 463
Chicago Tribune, 22, 39, 45, 111, 132, 151, 212, 499, 528
Childe Harold (Byron), 184
Chile, 57
China, 212, 325, 337, 444; aid to, 20, 79, 81, 82-83, 98. 110, 145, 153, 156, 186, 242, 317, 323, 325, 374, 376, 378, 415, 422, 445, 541, 544, 549, 589, 590; assets in U.S. frozen, 109; and Churchill, 156, 204-205, 416, 541, 543, 590; Communism in, 82, 374, 381, 542-545, 558, 588-589; corruption and lethargy of government, 381, 589; counteroffensive through, planned, 443; as a divisive factor in allied strategy, 204-205; domestic situation in, 242, 374-375; economic reforms in, 549; and the Four Freedoms, 611; and Gandhi, 240; and Great Britain, 79, 204-205, 375; and Hong Kong, 575; importance of preserving a free and democratic, 576-577; independence of, 588; and India, 239-241, 242, 375; and Indochina, 108, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 376, 592; and Japan, 19, 20, 78, 79, 81-83, 106, 107, 110, 128, 135, 136, 137-138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 155, 156, 157-158, 160, 201, 203, 375, 404, 415, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 589; and Manchuria, 19, 20, 79, 545, 574, 576, 577; as member of Executive Council of the U.N., 515; military defense of, 87, 375-376, 377-378, 407, 485, 518, 540, 542; not admitted as member of MAB, 247; not represented on the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 186; as one of the Big Four, 404, 409, 544; postwar revolution projected, 366; puppet government for, set up by Japanese, 82; revolution in, 551; and F.D.R., 82-83, 109, 145, 159, 186, 204-205, 238, 374-378, 407, 541-545, 546, 549, 574, 576-577, 588-590, 592, 609; and Russia, 79, 81, 83, 576-577, 589; as signatory to Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; as signatory to declaration on postwar security, 401; South China as a base of military operations, 201, 376, 445; and Soviet-Japanese neutrality pact, 83; Stalin’s estimate of military leadership of, 407; and the U.S., 79, 82-83, 109, 145, 159, 186, 188, 205, 238, 239, 240-243, 317, 374-378, 403-405, 407, 414-415, 541-545, 546, 549, 576-577, 588-590, 592; weariness of Chiang’s armies, 106. See also Chiang Kai-shek ; Flying Tigers
China-U.S. Joint Council, 404
Chindits, 541
Chinese-Eastern Railway, 574
Chinese exclusion laws, 375
Chou En-lai, 589
Christian Mobilizers, 453
Christmas Carol (Dickens), 417, 554
Chrysler Tank Arsenal, Detroit, 268
Chungking government. See Chiang Kai-shek
Churchill, Mary, 392
Churchill, Randolph, 579
Churchill, Winston S.: addresses Congress, 416; in Algiers, 371, 389; anguish at loss of battleships, 175-176; and ANVIL, 478, 479, 480; appeals to F.D.R. in 1944 for ships, 549; at ARCADIA Conference, 176, 178-191, 229, 247; at Argentia, 125-131; asks Stalin for winter offensive, 557-558; and the atomic bomb, 456, 457, 458, 550; attacked by Hitler in speech, December 1940, 18; and the Balkans, 479, 545; and the British Empire, 379, 573, 592; at the Cairo conferences, 389, 402, 403-405; at Casablanca, 314-324, 389; cardinal policy of keeping F.D.R. informed and sympathetic, 73; celebrates his 69th birthday, 411; character of, 10, 75, 131; and China, 156, 204-205, 416, 541, 543, 590; and colonialism, 322, 379, 388, 573, 592, 593; as commander in chief, 495-496; concern about postwar problems, 364-365, 366, 479, 596; confidence in F.D.R., 183; congratulated by Stalin on British success in Libya, 311; congratulates Eisenhower on Italian victory, 394; congratulates F.D.R. on his fourth election, 533; contemplates opportunities in 1942, 311; correspondence with F.D.R., 73; congratulated by F.D.R. on Burma victory, 541; and D day, 477; and Darlan, 291, 295; decision for TORCH, 287; and Declaration of Allied Unity, 184, 185; dedication to beating Germany, 106; defends his war policy in the House of Commons, 76-77; and de Gaulle, 295-296, 320-323, 389, 481-482; demands foreign aid, 25, 62, 89, 103; differences with F.D.R., 65, 537-538, 585; and Dill, 189; disagreement with F.D.R. on strategy and operation ANVIL, 478-480; discusses British politics with Stalin, 577; dislike of Sforza, 538; dispute with F.D.R. over Italy, 537-538; drives with F.D.R. to Marrakesh, 324; doubts about Maisky, 102; expects Nazi invasion of Britain, 73, 153; faces strategic bankruptcy, 77-78; fulfills promise to declare war on Japan, 171-172; and Germany, 520; on the gift of destroyers from the U.S., 11-12; gives enthralling appreciation of the military situation, 126; as a grand strategist, 551-552; and Greece, 74, 75-76, 77, 484, 537, 538-539, 579, 583; had not yet met Chiang Kai-shek, 399; and Hong Kong, 575; hopes for full American involvement, 16, 129, 151, 153; on importance of Mediterranean as against second front, 311-319, 369-370, 376, 404, 408, 410-411, 414, 439, 518; and India, 219-220, 221, 231, 240, 241, 381; and the Italian campaign, 438-440; joy at U.S. entry into war, 163; learns of F.D.R.’s death, 601; letter to F.D.R., December 8, 1940, asking for protection in Atlantic and aid, 25, 33; letter to F.D.R. on his re-election, 9-10; letter to F.D.R. on war prospects for 1941, 12-13, 25; letters from F.D.R. to, 43, 223, 230, 232, 289-290, 314, 445, 478-479; limited powers under British constitution, 75; meeting with Bohr, 458; meetings with F.D.R. in the U.S., 176, 178-190, 229, 247, 251, 367, 368-371, 389, 394, 416, 458, 521; meeting with F.D.R. during World War I, 11; meeting with Stalin at Moscow, October 1944, 537, 539; meeting with Stalin to tell of cancellation of Second Front, 236-238; and military strategy, 179-180, 312-313, 554; as Minister of Defence, 11, 75, 495; and North Africa, 288-290, 327; opinion of Hitler, 66-67; plays Realpolitik with Stalin, 537; plea of, for destroyers, refused, 11; and Poland, 534-535, 536, 537, 558, 569, 570-572, 583-584; and Portugal, 65; and postwar economic policies, 129; on postwar Europe, 312; presents Stalin with Sword of Stalingrad, 410; presses for bolder policy in Asia, 127, 143, 150; proposes that American forces invade Northwest Africa (GYMNAST), 179-180; puts pressure on Franco to resist Hitler, 14; as a puzzle to F.D.R., 312; at Quebec Conference, 389, 391, 458, 518-521; quotes “But westward, look, the land is bright” in radio broadcast, 78; regards America as his only hope, 78; relations with his Cabinet, 11; relations with F.D.R„ 11, 39-40, 65, 73, 77, 89, 219, 221, 288-290, 369, 403, 405, 415-416, 478-480, 518, 521, 537-538, 585, 596; relations with Stalin, 310, 311, 412, 537, 567; realizes Kremlin might be suspicious of separate military surrender in Italy, 585; requests aid for H.M.S. Malaya, 64; resists commitment to Chiang for amphibious attack on Bay of Bengal, 404; F.D.R. cables condolences on Greece to, 77, 89; F.D.R. cables essence of American proposals to Japan to, 156; F.D.R. clarifies to, his position on Pacific war, 445; F.D.R.’s proposals to, on India, 219-221; F.D.R. sends confidential cable from Chiang Kai-shek to, 241; and Russia, 101, 111, 126, 153, 186-187, 312, 416, 515, 585; on Russia in Europe, 312; and the second front, 230-231, 234, 235-236, 238, 285-286, 325, 367, 369, 392, 408, 438; as seen by Hitler, 309; as seen by Stalin, 484, 587; and the “soft underbelly” of the Axis, 305, 309; and Soviet quest for atomic information, 457, 550; speech to American people, Christmas Day, 1941, 178-179; speech to British people on the German invasion of Russia, 96; speeches, 385; strategy conferences (1943), 389; stricken with pneumonia, 326, 438; suffers from too much personal leadership, 213; and Churchill, Winston S. surrender of Tobruk, 235; on the survival of Britain in 1941, 72; suspends convoys to Russia, 237, 310, 327-328; at Teheran Conference, 389, 407-414; telephones F.D.R. about Pearl Harbor attack, 163; telephones Willkie during his stay in Palm Beach, 274; tribute to F.D.R. in Parliament, 611; and Turkey, 309; and unconditional surrender, 391, 546; and the U.N., 567; upset by cable from F.D.R., 89; urged by F.D.R. to minimize Soviet problem, 596; and V sign, 606; visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, 300; visit to Marrakesh, 324; visit to Normandy, 478, 488; visit to the Sphinx, 415; visits Athens, 558, 579; wants a hard line on Japan, 127, 150; wants Royal Navy units to help out in the Pacific war, 444, 519; wants an “underbelly strategy” in Asia, 444; warns Stalin of impending Nazi attack, 94; and Willkie, 43, 274, 573; wire to F.D.R. on the Greer incident speech, 139; wish to dramatize Anglo-American unity, 126; working habits. 10; working partnership with F.D.R., 11; and the Yalta Conference, 558, 564, 565-580
Churchill, Mrs. Winston S., 190, 392
CIO, 56, 57, 177, 193, 195, 263, 341, 454, 503; Political Action
Committee, 525. See also AFL-CIO
Civil aviation, international, 514
Civil Service, expansion of, 122
Civilian Conservation Corps, 35
Clapper, Raymond, 333, 361, 453
Clark, Grenville, 62
Clark, Mark, 294, 295, 321, 394, 438
Clark Field, Philippines, 173, 175, 202
Clausewitz, Karl von, 494, 547
Clemenceau, Georges, 428, 566, 571
Coalition government, 7, 36-43, 274, 279, 524
Coeur d’Alene, 269
Cohen, Benjamin, 340, 350, 451, 561
Cold War, origins of, vii, 373-374, 609
Colleges, 464
Cologne, 582
Colombo, Ceylon, 222
Colonialism: Churchill and, 322, 379, 388, 573, 592, 593; F.D.R. and, 218, 322, 378, 381, 388, 404, 549, 591-593, 608-609
Columbia Valley Authority, 432
Combined Chiefs of Staff (Allied), 183, 186, 189, 247, 316, 317, 318-319, 369, 389, 393, 404, 410, 411, 414, 429, 518, 519, 565, 585; formation of, 183. See also Joint Chiefs of Staff, American; Joint Chiefs of Staff, British
Combined Munitions Assignments Board (MAB), 247
Comintern, dissolved by Stalin, 367, 373
Command structures, allied, establishment of, 183
Commerce, Department of, 177, 593-594; Secretary of, 39, 561, 593
Committee of National Liberation, French, 480, 481, 482
Committee of National Liberation, Polish See Polish Committee of National Liberation
Committee of One Million, 41-42
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 41, 48, 112
Committees, Congressional. See
Appropriations; Banking and Currency; Dies; Education and Labor; Finance; Foreign Affairs; Foreign Relations; Labor; Migration; Military Affairs Subcommittee; Naval Affairs; Rules; Special Committee to Investigate the Defense Program (Truman); Tolan; Ways and Means Commodity Credit Corporation, 600
Communism: in China, 82, 374, 381, 542-545, 558, 588-589; in Eastern Europe, 572; fear of spread into Japan, 558-559; in Greece, 538, 539; in Italy, 391-392; 586: in U.S., 525, 528-529; and the West, 537
Conant, James B., 251, 252, 259, 344, 350
“Concentration camps” for Japanese-Americans. 213, 267, 421, 461
Conferences. See ARCADIA; Argentina; Bretton Woods; Cairo: Casablanca: Dumbarton Oaks: Honolulu; Quebec; San Francisco; Teheran; Yalta
Congress: agricultural lobby in, 1973
appropriations by, for war production, 246; asked to grant greatest possible measure of self-government to Puerto Rico, 378; asked to repeal Chinese exclusion laws, 375; Churchill’s address to, 416; coalition government, 36-43, 532-533, 594; Committee chairmen, 40; conflict in, 106, 421; conservative members of, attempt to limit strikes, 56; cuts weapons-research appropriations, 343; difficulty of explaining technical matters to, 98; and the economic stabilization program, 197, 258, 260-262, 424; election of 1942, 273-281, 301, 527; election of 1944, 400, 429, 532-533; establishes Rubber Supply Agency, 259; extends draft, 120, 142, 246; investigations by, of subversive activities, 594; and Lend-Lease, 25, 29, 43-50; modification of immigration laws by, deemed difficult, 396; more help for China urged by Senators in, 376; and national-service legislation, 432-433, 560, 593; and neutrality revision, 101, 142, 148; and the Office of War Information, 385; passes Bankhead bill, 340-341; power holders of, 40, 426-427, 437; prewar connections between pro-Nazis and right-wing members of, 211; reception of Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 376; relations with F.D.R., 120, 197, 246, 301, 305, 307, 331, 332, 362, 426, 427, 430, 431, 434, 435, 436, 437, 510, 594; F.D.R. courts support of, for foreign policy, 594; F.D.R.’s address to, asking for declaration of war against Japan, 165-167; F.D.R.’s address to, on Yalta Conference, 581-582; F.D.R.’s meetings with leaders of, 61, 433; secrecy maintained in appropriations by, for atomic project, 456; and soldiers’-vote legislation, 430-431; supports F.D.R.’s order for evacuation of Japanese-Americans, 216; supports war-veterans’ measures, 362; and taxation, 256-257, 259, 260, 262, 307, 363, 364, 433-437, 510; terminates F.D.R.’s authority to limit salaries, 362, 363; variety of elements in, 43; votes for war against Germany and Italy, 175; votes for war against Japan, 171; and world-security organization, 427-428. See also Committees, Congressional; House of Representatives; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, oratory: State of the Union messages; Senate
Congressional Medal of Honor award, 209, 261
Connally, Tom, 47, 119, 164, 436
Connally resolution, 428
Connor, Eugene (“Bull”), 265
Conventions: Democratic, 277, 316, 488, 497, 504-507, 508-511, 525; Republican, 275, 501, 502, 510, 511
Convoys: American naval escort for British, 26, 87, 89, 98, 104, 105, 127, 141; to Great Britain, 38, 45, 57, 86, 89, 98, 111, 493; to Iceland, 141, 142; PQ-18, 310; to Russia, 233, 308, 310, suspended, 237, 288, 310, 313, 327-328, 367, 372
Co-Prosperity Sphere. See Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Coral Sea, Battle of the, 225, 261
Corcoran, Thomas, 62
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 251
Costa Rica, 185
Cotentin Peninsula, 473, 474, 475, 477
Coughlin, Father Charles, 211
Council of People’s Commissars, 95
Courts-martial, 493
Cowles, Gardner, 513
Cox, Eugene, 119
Cracow, 536
Crimea, 232, 237, 558, 564, 566, 579, 582; conference in, see Yalta Conference
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 102, 113, 220, 221, 238, 240
Cross-channel invasion. See Second front Crossman, Richard, 385
Crowley, Leo T., 342
Cryptostegia (rubber project), 341
Cuba, 185
Culture, wartime, 466-472
Cunningham, Sir Andrew, 319, 407
Currie, Lauchlin, 83, 242, 377, 451
Curtin, John, 204
Cuzon, Lord, 571
Curzon Line, 187, 536, 570, 571
Cyprus, 565
Cyrenaica, 285
Czechoslovakia, 15, 185, 474, 483
D day: (Europe) June 6, 1944, 473-477, 481, 484; (Pacific) February 19, 1945, 588
Dall, Curtis, Jr. (“Buzzie”) (grandson of F.D.R.), 269, 389, 447
Dall, Eleanor (“Sistie”) (granddaughter of F.D.R.), 269, 389, 447
Daniels, Jonathan, 432, 451, 562
Daniels, Josephus, 62, 300, 596
Danube River, 301
Darlan, Jean-Francois, 109, 285, 286, 288, 291, 293, 294-298, 300, 319-320, 391, 422, 538, 548, 608
Davies, Joseph E., 102, 112, 368, 371
Davis, Elmer, 213, 267, 268, 296, 350, 385
Davis, James J., 532
Davis, John W., 356
Davis, William H., 195, 196, 264
Dead Sea, 406
Declaration of Allied Unity, 183-185
Declaration of war by the U.S.: on Germany and Italy, 175; on Japan, 165-167, 171
Declaration on Liberated Europe, 572
Defense Mediation Board, 192
Defense spending. See Budget
De Gaulle, Charles: character of, 286, 319, 320; and the Darlan deal, 287, 291, 295-296, 319-323; declines F.D.R.’s invitation to meet him in Algiers, 579; head of the Free French in London, 286; and Indochina, 591, 593; invited to England for D day, 481; kept out of negotiations with Vichy Frenchmen, 287, 291; meeting with Giraud, 320-323, 389: meetings with F.D.R., 320-323, 389, 480, 481, 482, 592; meeting with Stalin, 566; opinion of F.D.R., 482; re-enters Paris, 482; relations with Churchill, 295-296, 320-323, 481-482; relations with F.D.R., 287, 320-323, 480-481, 482, 566, 579, 591, 592-604; relieves Giraud of command, 480; Stalin’s opinion of, 407; symbol of French resistance, 319; trip to Washington, D.C., 481, 482; unauthorized occupation of French islands off Newfoundland by, 184
Delano, Warren, 379
Del Vayo, Alvarez, 391
Democratic National Committee, 290, 503; Chairman of, 176, 276, 503
Democratic party: Cabinet of 1941 reflects
main elements of, 39-40; coalition of liberals of, with Republican liberals, 274, 275-276, 279, 280, 511-512, 513, 524, 608; coalition of Republicans with Southern and conservative members of, 37, 40, 305, 534; collaboration of, with Republican party in Congress, 594; congressional campaign committee of, 276; convention of, (1932), 316, 497, 508, (1944), 277, 488, 504-507, 511, 525; congressional, 275, 280, 503, 510, 524, 534, 594; declared by F.D.R. to be the “party of sound money,” 528; defections from F.D.R., 497, 503, 510; division of, into two elements, 37, 510, 511; divisiveness in, 276-277, 503, 510, 511, 525; of Dutchess County, 279, 299, 524; election of 1910, 4; election of 1920, 4, 512; election of 1940, 3-4, 5-7, 33, 36; election of 1942, 274-281, 301; election of 1944, 497-498, 500-516, 521-534; fund-raising banquets of, 273; in Massachusetts, 503; members of, as dollar-a-year men, 88; National Chairman of, 176, 276, 503; in New York State. 277; presidential, 274, 276, 281, 499, 510; setbacks of, due to fall-off in voter participation, 524-525; shift of urban vote to, 40; Southern, 36-37, 40, 305, 421, 427, 431, 437, 506, 510, 511, 524; of Virginia, 426; under F.D.R., 7, 36-37, 513. See also Congress; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Dennis, Lawrence, 453
Destroyers, given to England, September 1940, 11-12, 13, 15, 33
Deutscher, Isaac, 496
Dewey, John, 271
Dewey, Thomas E., 211, 275, 277, 281, 301, 400, 499, 501-503, 507, 508, 516, 521, 524, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 532, 533, 552
De Witt, John, 215
Dickerson, Earl B., 264
Dies Committee (House), 331
Dietz, Howard, 307
Dill, Sir John, 11, 75, 128, 182, 189, 318, 368, 407
Dilling, Elizabeth (“T.N.T.”), 48, 453
Discrimination. See Black Americans; Japanese-Americans; Mexican-Americans
Djilas, Milovan, 484
Dnieper River, 446
Dodecanese, 325
Doenitz, Karl, 243
Dominican Republic, 185
Donovan, William J., 73, 74, 384
Doolittle, James, 224, 445, 588
Dos Passos, John, 468
Douglas, Emily Taft, 533
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 533
Douglas, Paul, 533
Douglas, William O., 194, 504, 505, 506, 509, 594
Douglas Plant, Long Beach, Calif., 270
Draft, the, 33, 38, 54, 120, 142, 246 265, 271, 335, 401
Drama, the, in wartime, 271
Duel for Europe (Scott), 272
Duke of York, H.M.S., 176, 179
Dulles, Allen, 585
Dulles, John Foster, 516
Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 429, 515, 516, 518, 567
Dunkerque, 392
Dunkerque (French battleship), 65
Dunn, Gano, 52
Du Pont (company), 455
Dutch. See Netherlands
Dutch East Indies. See East Indies
Dutch Guiana, 316
Dutch Harbor, Aleutians, 225
Early, Stephen, 8-9, 22, 61, 123, 163, 172, 176, 208, 291, 383, 451, 455, 503, 508, 530, 561, 602
East Indies, 13, 20. 21, 78, 90, 106, 109, 149, 155, 158, 160, 173, 180, 182, 186, 203, 204, 223, 443
Ebbets Field, 525
Economic bill of rights, 34, 528
Economic policy, international, 514
Economic stabilization program, 256, 260-262, 339, 362-363, 424-426, 434. See also Budget; Inflation; Office of Economic Stabilization; Price control; Taxation; Wage control
Eden, Anthony, 11, 74, 75, 92, 102, 187, 188, 232, 238, 295, 312, 320, 364, 365-367, 389, 401, 407, 415, 515, 520, 537, 565, 567, 573, 574, 575, 577, 585
Edison, Charles, 277
Education, 355, 362, 464-465, 560
Education and Labor Subcommittee (Senate), 332
Egypt, 77, 288, 291, 308, 397, 567, 572
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 97
Eighth Air Force (U.S.), 446
Eighth Army (British), 329, 382, 393, 394, 438
Einstein, Albert, 249-250, 591
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: advocates cross-channel attack, 229, 318; advocates invasion of southern France, 440, 478; appointment of, reflects F.D.R.’s perspicacity, 350; asked to work out a plan of action for the Pacific, 204; and campaign in Italy, 385, 393, 394, 438, 440, 478-479; and command of operation OVERLORD, 415, 416, 494; congratulated by Churchill on gains in Italy, 394; consulted by F.D.R. on conduct of war, 443; and D day, 474, 475, 477; and the Darlan deal. 295, 296-297, 320; escorts F.D.R. from Oran to Tunis, 403; and French leaders in Africa, 291, 294, 295; headquarters of, in London, 286, 474; insists on preserving II Corps as a fighting unit, 329; meets with Churchill and Marshall in Algiers, 371, 389; military triumphs of, helpful to F.D.R.’s election campaign, 528; notes F.D.R.’s happy mood during Casablanca Conference, 321; opposes appointment of La Guardia to his staff, 491; on the Philippines, 207, 208; postpones invasion of Africa, 290; preparations of, for assault on Africa, 286, 288, 289, 290, 291, 294, 295, 297; promotion of, to rank of full general, 319; recognizes inseparability of political and military factors, 288, 290; sees necessity for dealing with de Gaulle, 481, 482; supported by F.D.R., 296-297, 318, 560; terms of, for Italian armistice, 385, 393; troop strength of, in the Mediterranean, 370
El Alamein, 285 E.L.A.S., 538, 539
El Salvador, 185
Elbe River, 585
Elbrus, Mount, 308
Elburz Mountains, 406
Electric power, shortage of, 52
Electronic equipment, 346
Eliot, George Fielding, 300
Embargoes: aircraft, to Russia, 94; iron and steel scrap, to Japan, 20; oil, to Japan, 21, 107, 109, 110
Emerson, Faye. See Roosevelt, Mrs.
Elliott Emerson, William, 494
Emissaries, exchange of, by United States and Great Britain, 73-74
Empire State Building, 348, 603
Employment, rise in, in the U.S., 334, 355, 460. See also Labor; Manpower
Enterprise, U.S.S., 222, 224, 226, 284
Erikson, Joan, 8
Ernst, Morris, 212
Espionage, Russian, 459. See also Saboteurs; Subversive activities
Esquire: cartoon by Dorothy McKay, 59
Ethiopia, 384
Ethridge, Mark, 264
Etna, Mount, 382
Euphrates River, 406
Europe First strategy, 376, 378, 415, 545, 560. See also Atlantic First strategy
Eve of St. Mark, The (Anderson), 271
Export-Import Bank, 342
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC), 124, 264, 265, 421, 462, 463, 466, 528
Fala (F.D.R.’s dog), 9, 22, 35, 56, 121, 177, 447, 476, 488, 490, 523, 601
Family stability, in the U.S., weakened, 461
Far East, 12, 13, 21-22, 51, 107, 138, 144, 188, 204, 366, 485, 535, 537, 552, 565, 574. See also Pacific theater
Farley, James A., 6, 40, 277. 506, 603
Farm Bureau Federation, 197
Farm Credit Administration, 460
Farm groups, 197
Farouk, King of Egypt, 578, 579
Federal Loan Agency, 39
Federal Reserve Board, 257
Federal Security Agency, 460
Field, Marshall III, 431
Fifteenth Air Force (U.S.), 446
Fifth Army (U.S.), 321, 394, 438
Fight for Freedom Committee, 41
Films (documentary), 271-272, 471
Finance Committee (Senate), 435
Finland, 17, 68, 94, 187, 308, 365, 372, 412, 554, 567
First Army (U.S.), 482
Fish, Hamilton, 37, 45, 120. 152, 164, 211, 275, 278-279, 280, 390, 471, 526, 528, 604
Fleming, D. F., 515
Florence, Italy, 15
Florida, 4, 224, 243, 364, 388
Flying Tigers, 83, 242. See also Chennault, Claire L.
Flying Tigers (film), 271
Flynn, Edward J., 276, 331, 503, 504, 506, 565, 568
Flynn, John T., 111
Ford, Edsel, 268
Ford, Henry, 268
Foreign Affairs Committee (House), 40, 45, 278-279, 427
Foreign Funds Control, 441
Foreign Information Service, 384
Foreign Office, 537-538
Foreign policy, of the U.S.; diplomacies determining, 551; in the Far East, 21-22 Foreign Policy Association, 526 Foreign Relations Committee (Senate), 40, 44-45, 47, 49, 361, 428
Formosa, 156, 201, 445, 485, 488, 518, 540, 546
Forrestal, James V., 39, 350, 444, 560
Forster, Rudolph, 390
Fort Benning, 601
Fort Jackson, 270
Fort Lewis, 269
Fort Sam Houston, 270
Fortas, Abe, 464
Fortune (magazine), 307
4-F’s, 560
Four Freedoms, viii, 33, 34-35, 239, 271, 306, 381, 467, 470, 547, 608
Fourteenth Air Force (U.S.), 445
Fox, William T. R., 516
France: Allied bombing of, planned, 305; Allied invasion of, 366, 374, 393, 405, 408, 411, 414, 464, 473-480, 481, 483, 489, 495, 545, 546; as an American command, 538; and colonialism, 285, 592; factionalism in, 319; fear of German strength in, 313; the Free French, 10, 184, 481, 591; the French fleet, 13, 65, 285, 294, 296-297, 298, 309, 481; Germans driven out of, 534; and Great Britain, 566; and Indochina, 20, 78, 106, 109, 379, 591, 592; Italian campaign vital to operations in, 393, 395, 438; Jewish refugees in, 441; and the League of Nations, 567; military weakness, 566; and the North African invasion, 180, 319-323; postwar government in, 408; respect for F.D.R., 290; resistance in, 480, 482; F.D.R. opposed to American occupation of, 519; Stalin on, 408; taken by Germany, 15, 19, 33, 79, 80, 84, 93, 308, 576; Vichy government, 10, 11, 12-13, 14, 20, 24, 64-65, 69, 77, 106, 109, 285, 286-287, 290, 293, 294, 296. See also Algiers; ANVIL; Committee of National Liberation; De Gaulle, Charles; Giraud, Henri; Morocco; Africa: North Africa; OVERLORD; Pétain, Henri; Tunisia
Franco, Francisco, 14, 15, 64, 65, 69-70, 73, 98, 288, 308, 311, 352, 548, 608
Frankfurter, Felix, 38, 39, 44, 65, 91, 114, 22, 131, 193, 194, 257, 262, 296, 417, 457, 458, 591
Free trade, 129
Freedman, Max, 457
Freedom, as a propaganda concept for both sides, 387-388
Freedom House, 275
Fulbright, J. William, 427, 533
Gainesville, 603
Gandhi, Mohandas, 219, 239, 240, 242, 380, 381, 551
Gannett, Frank, 500
Gauss, Clarence E., 541
G.B.S. (Pearson), 272
General Lee (tank), 268
General Maximum Price Regulation (OPA), 257
George, Walter, 40, 364, 427, 435, 437
George III, King of England, 220
George VI, King of England, 62, 282, 300, 410, 411, 593
Georgia, Russia, 92
German-Americans, 499; treatment of, in World War II, 268. See also Aliens
Germany: Allied troops in, 545, 595, 599; Allied victory in sight, 565; army officers’ rebellion, 496; army retires to the Rhine, 518; attack on Russia, 68-70, 80, 95-97, 101-103, 106, 113, 143, 153, 186, 231, 282-283, 300, 308, 408, 483, 566, 575, 576, 586, 587; attempts to induce Japan to take action in the Far East, 69; and the atomic bomb, 252, 459; and the Balkans, 14, 15, 64, 65, 71-72, 73, 74, 77, 94, 100, 308, 392, 518; “Blue Print for Extermination,” 395; bombing of, 17, 237, 244, 325, 345, 346, 370, 371, 445-446, 554, 557, 595-596, 601; and Bulgaria, 71, 73, 94; casualties, 546, 554; Congress declares war on, 175; counteroffensive, 553-554, 557, 558; and D day, 477; declares war on U.S., 173-175; defeat and surrender in Italy, 518, 519, 585-586; driven out of France, 534; encircles Rome, 394; and Finland, 308, 554; and Greece, 65, 71, 74, 76, 88, 94, 534; first American encounter with forces of, 91, 326-327; isolates Sweden, 308; and the Jews, 43, 70, 310, 386, 387, 395-397, 441; and Latin America, 100, 147; Thomas Mann on, 358; military resistance failing, 585; mobilizes for a vast offensive on the Eastern Front, 228; Nazi plan to abolish all existing religions, 147; Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, 15, 19, 93, 97, 183, 373, 399, 575; the “New Order,” 16, 18; occupation zones, 519, 545, 582; occupies Channel Islands, 308; occupies Norway, 33, 41, 80, 308; and Poland, 15, 68, 80, 85, 93, 483, 534-535, 536, 569, 570, 571, 575-576; in the postwar world, 365-366, 409, 582; prewar relations with Russia, 93; projected defeat of, 179, 519, 545, 546; projected destruction of the Nazi party, 582; propagandists, 386-387; proposed deindustrialization of, 520; Prussia, 96, 365, 565, 570; reaction to Lend-Lease, 26-27; reinforcements sent to Russian front. 327, 586, 587; reversal of fortune, 308; F.D.R.’s harsh attitude to, 441, 520, 566; F.D.R.’s insistence on direct attack on, 548, 554; seen as main enemy by Americans, 179; as signatory of the Anti-Comintern Pact, 19; as signatory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 68, 69; and Spain, 10, 14, 64, 65, 179, 286, 291; Stalin demands total dismemberment and crushing of, 408-409, 410, 412; strategy set for capture of, 557-558; strikes in Ardennes, 553, 558; takes France, 15, 19, 33, 79, 80, 84, 93, 295, 308, 576; threatened invasion of Great Britain, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; treatment of, after surrender, 519-520; tries to obtain supplies of heavy water, 252; and unconditional surrender, 323, 409, 440-441, 548, 582; war aims, 6, 147; war production, 14, 554; and Yugoslavia, 71-72, 74, 76, 80, 88, 94, 253. See also Atlantic theater; Bulge, Battle of the; Hitler, Adolf; Submarine warfare: U-boats
GI, culture of the, 470-471
GI Bill of Rights, 362, 465, 509
Gibraltar, 14, 64, 78, 291, 294
Gibraltar, Strait of, 288, 403
Gila, 267
Gilbert Islands, 202, 443, 444, 445, 485
Gillette, Guy, 532
Giraud, Henri, 291, 293, 294, 295, 319, 320, 321, 322. 323, 389, 480
Glass, Carter, 37, 48, 258, 426, 604
Gneisenau (German battle cruiser), 89
Godwin, Earl, 428
Goebbels, Joseph P., 15, 70, 372, 384, 386, 548, 601
Goering, Hermann, 70, 76, 384, 446
Gold Beach, 474
Good Neighbor policy, 307, 378, 604
Grand Council (of Italy), 383
Granger, Lester, 123
Great Britain: accused of colonialism by Hitler, 17; aid to, 11-12, 13, 15, 23, 24-25, 28, 33, 38, 41, 42, 46, 51, 69, 84, 87. 88, 98, 100, 103, 112, 115, 133, 134, 153, 211, 234, 247, 513, 549; and the Allied invasion force, 473, 474; American-British exchange of secret scientific information, 344; armies in France, 80, 482; armies in Germany, 519, 595; assault on Caen, 477; and the Atlantic war, 160; and the atomic bomb, 251, 456-457; beats Vichy in Syria, 77; bombing of, 9, 29, 33, 78, 79, 558; bomber offensive against Germany, 325; British and Russian colonial rivalry in the 19th century, 373; British intelligence, 446; British pilots trained on American airfields, 88; British prisoners of war in Italy, 391; British ships repaired in American docks, 41, 64, 88; capacity to wage war doubted in U.S., 88; casualties, 546; and China, 79, 204-205, 375; and colonialism, 17, 596; considered finished by Hitler, 16, 17; defeats Italians in Africa, 77; diplomacy of, 551; destroys French warships, 285; exchange of emissaries with the U.S., 73-74; and economic policy, 514; fears postwar supremacy of dollar, 514; and France, 566; gift of destroyers, 11-12, 13, 15, 33; and Greece, 74, 75-76, 77, 314, 365, 395, 484, 537; hard-pressed by war losses, 88; heavy needs of, 98; Hitler’s opinion of the British people, 310; and Hong Kong, 79, 575; in 1941, 68, 72; and India, 79, 219-222, 231, 238-239, 240-242, 375, 379-381, 422, 549; and Indo-china, 128, 592, 593; invasion threatened, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; investment in, 84; invites Prince Paul to form common Balkan front, 711 and Italy, 315, 318, 319, 369, 391, 393, 401; and Japan, 80, 137, 171-172, 400; and the Jews, 395, 442; and the League of Nations, 567; mission to Moscow, 153; occupies Crete, 15; offensive in northern Burma, 445; opposition in left-wing circles to the Darlan deal, 295; and the Pacific war, 79, 519; and Poland, 570, 583; policy toward Vichy, 65; possessions in Far East threatened by Japan, 80; postpones general elections during World War II, 497; and postwar settlements, 364; reaction to F.D.R.’s death, 610; refuses friendship with Germany, 14; refuses to agree to Andaman operation, 415; F.D.R.’s commitment to, 84, 88-89; routs Mussolini’s forces in Africa, 68, 72, 180, 311; and Russia, 94, 102, 111, 232, 248, 283, 373; safety of, 180; seen as fighting mainly to keep its power and wealth, 559; siege of, 93; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; and Singapore, 79; social security boom, 361; and Spain, 14, 65, 77, 127; stands to gain economically from deindustrialized Germany, 520; strength in Mediterranean area, 73; suspected of imperialist aims by France, 290; surrenders extraterritorial rights in China, 375; takes over Iceland, 104; twenty-year peace treaty with Russia, 232; unable to pay for American war aid, 24-25; and the U.N., 515, 567, 568; War Cabinet, 10-11; war crisis, 88; war effort, 559; war situation summarized by Churchill in letter to F.D.R., 12-13. See also British Empire; Churchill, Winston S.; Convoys; Eighth Army; Joint Chiefs of Staff, British
Great Lakes Naval Training Station, 268-269
Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 143
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 78, 79, 217, 218
Greater East Asia War, 217
Greece: aid to, 65; and Allied advance in Italy, 395; and Churchill, 74, 75-76, 77, 484, 537, 538-539, 579, 583; conquest of, by Germany, 65, 71, 74, 88, 94, 204; counteroffensive in, 314; and Great Britain, 74, 75-76, 314, 365, 395, 484, 537, 538, 583, 586; invasion of, by Italy, 14-15, 71; liberation of, 534; F.D.R. and Eden discuss, 365; and Russia, 484, 537, 538, 583, 586; F.D.R. wires Churchill condolences on loss of, 77; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; and the U.S., 77, 88, 314, 395, 484, 538-539, 586
Green, Theodore Francis, 48, 427
Green, William, 55, 177, 260, 264, 521
Grew, Joseph C, 19, 20, 21-22, 29, 62, 78, 84, 110, 135, 135, 144, 146, 159, 552-553
Gromyko, Andrei A., 398, 516, 517-518, 565, 584
Ground Controlled Approach system, 346
Gruening, Ernest, 266
Guadalcanal, 255, 256, 282, 283-285, 302, 337, 382
Guam, 164, 165, 172, 175, 201, 202, 486, 487
Guantanamo, 493
Guatemala, 185
Guffey, Joseph, 421
Gulick, Luther, 355
Gunther, John, 56-58
GYMNAST, 179-181
Haakon, King of Norway, 62
Hackmeister, Louise (“Hackie”), 200
Hague, Frank, 276
Hahn, Otto, 249
Hainan, 78
Haider, Franz, 496
Halifax, Canada, 392
Halifax, Lord, 11, 74, 179, 365, 457, 484, 581, 591
Halsey, William F. (“Bull”), 224, 443, 444, 540
Hanford, atomic bomb project at, 456
Hankow, 541
Hannegan, Robert E., 276, 503, 504, 505, 506, 524
Hannover, 595
Hara, Yoshimichi, 138
Harbin, 574
Harbors, artificial, 477
Harriman, W. Averell, 73, 88, 153, 163, 237-238, 406, 536, 537, 539, 564, 566, 572, 573, 574, 577, 583, 601
Hart, Thomas C, 206
Harvard Crimson, 491
Harvard University, 4, 189, 344, 604
Hassett, William D., 22, 199, 200, 208, 224, 253, 298, 350, 390, 436, 437, 447, 493, 530, 552, 553, 595, 599, 600, 601
Hastie, William, 471
Hawaii, 78, 80, 86, 90, 110, 159, 160, 164, 166, 172, 176, 177, 203, 222, 225, 226, 266, 403, 488-489, 507. See also Honolulu; Honolulu Conference; Pearl Harbor
Hayes, Roland, 265
Health, in the U.S., 54, 355, 560
Hearst, William Randolph, 212, 421, 497, 498, 500
Heavy water, 252
Henderson, Leon, 51, 116, 197, 257, 258, 301, 340, 350
Henderson Field, 284
Henry Browne, Farmer (documentary film), 271
Hershey, Lewis B., 337, 463, 528
Hess, Rudolf, 102
Hickam Field, 489
Higgins, Trumbull, 549
Higgins Yard, New Orleans, 270
Hill, Lister, 532
Hillman, Sidney, 51, 52, 55-56, 117, 123, 263, 524, 525
Hilton, James, 224
Himmler, Heinrich, 70, 72, 554
Hindus, in India, 219
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 18, 19, 137, 138, 146, 158, 160, 558-559
Hiss, Alger, 565
Histories of the war, 389
Hitler, Adolf: and the Allied invasion of France, 474-475; anxiety to divert U.S. efforts to the Pacific, 20; assesses the African situation as hopeless, 330; attempts to divert F.D.R. from giving aid to Britain, 16; avoidance of showdown with U.S., 13, 105, 106; bent on conquering the world, 109; bomb plot, 496; character of, 66-68; as commander in chief, 496; desires friendship with England, 14; dominates U.S. politics, 6; dream of the “New Order,” 18; drives thousands of scientists from Europe to America, 343; fall of, 366, 545; fear and contempt for the U.S., 16, 174, and hatred of the Russians, 70, 309-310; and Franco, 14, 64, 73; hatred 310; hatred of Jews, 70, 310, 387; in his last days, 557; infuriated by F.D.R.’s escalation of the war, 141; interpretation of Freedom, 387; learns of F.D.R.’s death, 601; letter to Mussolini on Russian invasion, 96; as a master propagandist, 386; meeting with Laval, 295; meeting with Matsuoka, 80; meeting with Molotov, 16-17; meetings with Mussolini, 15, 330, 383, 394; meeting with Pétain, 14; meeting with Rommel, 477; Mein Kampf, 68, 70; as a military commander, 228; military strategy of, 308-309; opinion of the British, 70, 310; opinion of Churchill, 309; opinion of F.D.R., 15, 67-68, 174, 309, 475; opinion of Stalin, 15, 68-69, 309; opposed by his generals, 71; order of the day not to withdraw in Italy, 439; personal power in 1941 almost total, 70; and Pétain, 14, 15, 64, 287, 288; ponders his strategic situation, 68-70; postpones invasion of England, 10; postpones invasion of Russia, 72; propaganda campaign to the workers of the world, 17; promises to Stalin, 94; reaction to F.D.R.’s re-election, 13-14; refrains from provocative acts against the U.S., 69; resistance to, 548; as seen by F.D.R., 67, 68, 140-141; as seen by the Russians, 67; as seen by Stalin, 113, 409; speech on Fascism and the New Order, December 1940, 17-18; speech on seventeenth anniversary of Beer Hall Putsch, 14; “stand or die” military policy, 309, 477, 482; statement of opposing worlds quoted by F.D.R., 28; strategic decision of a two-front war, 15-16, 17, 68, 69, 97; strategy in Poland as example of military genius of, 15, 68, 80; strategy of, 13-18, 64; summons Prince Paul to secret meeting, 71; supreme gamble in West, 553-554; typical gesture, 606; and the U.S. gift of destroyers to British, 12; wants Japan to attack the Russians, 108; wins support of his generals, 554; in world opinion, 66-67; world strategy, 66; would declare war on U.S., 173; xenophobia and racism, 17, 70, 174, 310, 387
“Hobcaw” (plantation), 449, 450, 455, 507, 509
Ho Chi Minh, 593
Hochschule für Politik, 386
Hodges, Courtney H., 482
Holland. See Netherlands
Hollandia, 444
Holman, Rufus C, 431
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 611
Honan, 541
Honduras, 185
Hong Kong, 79, 149, 165, 175, 201, 203, 404, 575
Honolulu Conference, 488-489, 490, 496, 507
Honshu, 590
Hood, H.M.S., 99
Hoover, Herbert, 38, 111, 356, 426, 528, 542
Hopkins, Harry, 57, 88, 104-105, 182, 416, 524; accompanies F.D.R. on Caribbean cruise, 24; advises F.D.R. on China, 377; at Argentia Conference, 126, 129; and James Byrnes, 262; at Cairo Conference, 402, 406, 409; at Casablanca Conference, 316, 322; character, 60-61; Chennault’s plea to, for supplies, 445; and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, 376; as chief aide to F.D.R., 8, 22, 33, 39, 50, 60-61, 85, 89, 91, 126, 129, 136, 161, 162, 178, 182, 183, 185, 194, 200, 232, 248, 297, 350, 353, 453, 465, 495, 561; Churchill’s confidence in, 183; Churchill’s letter to, urging assault on Algiers, 289, 290; criticism of, 60, 211; discusses plans with Eden and F.D.R., 365, 366; distrusts Bernard Baruch, 340; dubbed by Churchill “Lord Root of the Matter,” 60; in England, as F.D.R.’s emissary, 73, 112, 221, 230-231, 236, 244; extols “open door” policy in China, 375; favors inclusion of “freedom of religion” clause in Declaration of Allied Unity, 183; favors naval escort for merchant ships, 101; favors postwar security organization, 359; friendship with F.D.R., 62; at Hyde Park, 3, 8, 199, 392; ill-health, 60, 73, 74, 112, 392, 447. 451, 453, 479, 495, 579; influence on F.D.R., 60-61; as a liberal and internationalist, 59; liked by F.D.R., 60-61; at meeting with Farouk, Haile Selassie, and Ibn Saud, 578; meetings with Churchill, 73, 126, 129, 178, 179, 182, 187, 190, 221, 230-231, 236; meeting with Stalin, 113-114, 189; opinion of F.D.R., 50, 608; opinion of Stalin, 189; prompts F.D.R. to reshuffle research agencies, 344; put in charge of Lend-Lease, 61, 114; reports from London on need for ships, 244; rooms of, in White House, 58, 178; F.D.R. plans fishing retreat for himself and, 143; F.D.R. writes to, from Hobcaw, 450; on F.D.R.’s evolvement of Lend-Lease program, 25; in Russia, 112-114, 127, 189; sees necessity of including Russia and China in four-power organization, 238; sensitive to F.D.R.’s moods, 60; at Shangri-La, 291; speech writer for F.D.R., 140; studies production needs for defense, 133; suggests setting for F.D.R.’s Bremerton speech, 508; uncertain on advisability of aid to Britain, 91; urges suppression of reports of F.D.R.’s ill-health, 507; at White House conferences with Churchill and F.D.R., 178, 179, 182, 187, 190, 368; at Yalta Conference, 565, 567, 578, 579
Hopkins, William, 451
House of Representatives: and the Office of War Information, 385; and the price-control bill, 196-197; and the soldiers’-vote bill, 431; special investigating committee of, 455. See also Banking and Currency Committee; Congress; Dies Committee; Foreign Affairs Committee; Labor Committee: Rules Committee; Tolan Committee; Ways and Means Committee
Howard, Roy, 212
How New Will the Belter World Be? (Becker), 516
Hudson River, 3, 4, 22, 92, 530, 610, 611, 612
Hughes, Charles Evans, 37, 122, 534
Hull, Cordell: advocate of free world trade, 39, 107; allowed by F.D.R. to stall the Japanese, 144-145; asked by F.D.R. to postpone publication of Wilson notes, 428; atomic project kept secret from, 456; attitude of, toward Japan, 107, 136, 144, 145, 150; character, 23; consulted on possibility of Axis attack on U.S., 86; criticism of Darlan policy aimed at, 286; criticized for cautiousness, 65; declines role as F.D.R.’s running mate in 1944, 504; dubbed “gallant old eagle” by Churchill, 400; favors release of interned Japanese-Americans, 464; foresees danger of spheres of interest in postwar Europe, 483; and the Greer incident, 139; ill-health, 107; informed of Japanese attack, 162-163; informed of F.D.R.’s prestige in India, 221; international diplomacy deplored by, 551; as an internationalist, 40; meeting with Churchill, 179, 184; meeting with Eden, 364-366; meeting with Molotov, 232; meetings with Russian Ambassador Oumansky, 102; mission to Moscow, 400-401; negotiations of, with Japanese Ambassador, 89, 107-109, 134-136, 144-146, 157-158, 162-163; notes on F.D.R.’s insistence on necessity for unity of command in Europe, 381; notes F.D.R.’s liking for title of Commander in Chief, 490; as one of F.D.R.’s “assistant presidents,” 452; opinion of Matsuoka, 21; opposed to shifting Pacific fleet units, 89-90, 92, 99; plans for postwar security, 359 427, 429, 516, 539; plays down likelihood of war, 48; political influence of, 23; presses for nondiscriminatory postwar economic policies, 129; public disaffection with, 286, 467; repudiates charge of being “anti-Russian,” 398; resents retention of Welles as Undersecretary, 350; retirement of, 552; F.D.R. defines unconditional surrender principle to, re Germany, 441; at F.D.R.’s 1940 address on national security, 27; F.D.R.’s note to, outlining proposals for Japanese truce pact, 156; Secretary of State, 23; sends coded message to F.D.R. on Stalin’s willingness to fight Japan, 401; as spokesman for the South, 39; takes Willkie to see F.D.R., 43; telephones F.D.R. about imminent Japanese attack, 158; testimony of, on Lend-Lease bill partially written by F.D.R., 45; threatens to resign, 184; on treatment of Germany after surrender, 519, 520, 521; urges F.D.R. to include review of Japanese-American relations in war message, 164; urges strong measures against labor agitators, 117; worries about isolationists on issue of postwar organization, 359
Hurley, Patrick J., 542, 543, 544, 588-590, 591, 592
Hyde Park, 3-9, 58, 143, 199-201, 224, 235, 253, 260, 280, 299, 300, 302, 389, 390, 392, 394, 436, 437, 450, 458, 503, 505, 521, 550, 559, 604, 606, 607, 612; Christmas at, 416-417, 554
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 339, 578-579
Iceland, 104-105, 127, 139, 140, 141, 142, 147, 368
Ickes, Harold L.: advocates American intervention in the Atlantic, 65, 90-91, 99, 105; advocates forceful action against Japan, 23, 107, 109, 114-115, 159; advocates tackling discrimination on a national scale, 462; attacks “lords of the press” for their hatred of F.D.R., 421; battles with colleagues, 23, 65, 562; bickers with War Labor Board over mine strikes, 337; character, 23; at Democratic convention of 1944, 505, 506; discusses future government of Pacific islands, 560; favors releasing interned Japanese-Americans, 464; favors support of China, 159; fishing companion of F.D.R., 23, 60; has jurisdiction of War Relocation Authority, 464; irked by F.D.R.’s aloofness in election campaign, 509; liberalism of, 40; maneuvers for transfer of Forest Service to the Interior, 23, 62, 143; objects to F.D.R.’s reshuffling of research agencies, 344; opinion of Hopkins, 60; ordered by F.D.R. to repossess striking mines, 337; potential ally of Attorney General Biddle, 215; representative of Bull Moose reform, 39; F.D.R. appraises Japan’s position in July 1941 in letter to, 108; F.D.R. considers appointment of, as Secretary of Labor, 334; F.D.R. writes to, on designation for his Hyde Park property, 390; Secretary of the Interior, 23; Solid Fuels Administrator, 337; threatens to bring his own food as lunch guest of F.D.R., 299; unpopularity of, 301; at White House correspondents’ dinner, 594
I’d Rather Be Right (play), 33
Idaho, 269
Illinois River, 473
Immigration laws, 396
Imphal Plain, 541
Income tax. See Taxation
India: Chiang Kai-shek’s message to F.D.R. re, 240-242; and China, 239-241, 242, 375; Eisenhower sees European offensive as necessary to save, 229; Gandhi’s appeal to F.D.R., 239; Germany’s plan to push through to, 308; and Great Britain, 79, 219-222, 231, 238-239, 240-242, 375, 379-381, 422, 549; Hitler’s offer of, to Russia, 17, 68; and Japan, 20, 201, 202, 209, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 231, 239, 240, 242, 308, 541; not included in Combined Chiefs of Staff, 186; reaction in, to F.D.R.’s death, 611; F.D.R. and Stalin discuss, 407; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 184, 185; and the U.S., 184, 219-222, 229, 231, 239-240, 240-242, 379-381, 422, 541, 549, 593, 608, 609
India League of America, 381
Indochina: and China, 108, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 376, 592; and de Gaulle, 591, 592, 593; and France, 20, 78, 106, 109, 379, 591, 592; and Great Britain, 128, 592, 593; independence of, 591-592; and Japan, 13, 20, 78, 108, 109, 110, 127, 128, 135, 136, 138, 144, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 381; nationalist feeling against the West intensified in, 381; and F.D.R., 127, 135, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 407, 591-592, 593; F.D.R. and Stalin discuss, 407, 591, 592; Stilwell’s proposed offensive to open, 376; and the U.S., 109, 110, 127, 136, 144, 156, 157, 160, 376
“Industrial-military complex,” 189
Inflation, 256, 259, 260, 261, 282, 340
Inönü, Ismet, 414
Intellectuals, and world peace, 515-516
Intelligence, 73, 294, 440, 519; Japanesecode broken, 226
Interior, Department of, 143
Interventionism, 41, 42, 43, 48, 99, 111, 112, 142, 149, 280
Invasion: of Great Britain, threatened, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; of the U.S., feared, 45
Iquitos, Peru, 57
Isle of Wight, 475
Ismay, Sir Hastings L., 11, 73, 235, 368, 407
Isolationism, 5, 6, 11, 37, 41-42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 56, 84, 98, 111, 120, 131. 132, 142, 148, 151, 159, 165, 168, 177, 201, 210, 211, 213, 274, 275, 280, 359, 400, 422, 426, 499, 500, 516, 526, 528. 532, 543, 583
Italian-Americans, treatment of, in World War II, 268. See also Aliens
Italy: campaign in, 369, 370, 393-395, 407, 438-439, 440, 478, 479, 484, 489, 518, 519, 545, 546, 560; Churchill and F.D.R. dispute over. 537-538; Churchill regrets that Allied forces in, denied chance to reach Vienna before Russians, 480; Communism in, 391-392, 586; German aid to, 80, 391, 394; German occupation of, 393; German resistance in Africa prevents Allied landing in, 330; German supplies for Africa deployed through, 326; Germans ready to take over, 392; government crisis in, 383, 537-538; Grand Council, 383; Great Britain disappointed that no attack on, planned at Casablanca Conference, 319; Great Britain in favor of strong offensive against, 315, 318, 369, 393; Great Britain interested in political arrangements for, 401; Hitler orders attack on, 394; invades Greece, 14-15; invades southern France, 295; invasion of Sicily, 381, 383; and Libya, 64; and North Africa, 80; plans to eliminate, 86, 370; projected power on the African Mediterranean coast, 16; puts out peace feelers to Spain and Portugal, 393; Red Army operations on Eastern Front help Allied operations in, 483; refugees from, 442; F.D.R. fears anarchy in, 391; F.D.R. reluctant to commit large armies in, 368-369; F.D.R.’s assessment of aims, 6; secret negotiations on German surrender, 585-586; as signatory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 69; Stalin advises against attacking Germany through, 408; Stalin resents being left out of negotiations with, 399; as strategic imponderable, 314; surrenders, 394; and unconditional surrender, 323, 384, 390, 391; U.S. declares war on, 175. See also Badoglio. Pietro; Mussolini, Benito; Rome; Tripartite Pact
Iwo Jima, 588
Jackson, Graham, 601
Jackson, Mississippi, Daily News. 462
Jackson, Robert, 39, 91, 117, 122, 594
James, William, 604
Janeway, Eliot, 245
Japan: accession of, 93; appeals to Moslem elements in Southeast Asia, 218; assets in U.S. frozen, 109; atomic bombing of, 591, 596; bombing of, 86, 224, 344-345, 346, 445, 486, 558, 588, 595-596, 599; and Burma, 186, 201, 202. 203, 205, 218, 240, 315, 381, 383, 541; and China, 19, 20, 78, 79, 81-83, 106, 107, 110, 128, 135, 136, 137-138, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 155, 156, 157-158, 160, 203, 375, 404, 415, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 589; Churchill’s policy toward, 127, 143, 150; Congress votes for war against, 171; downfall of, 561; events leading to war, 18-22, 78-83, 134-139, 144-147, 149-151, 154-161; expansionist policy, 13, 19-20, 78-79, 128, 135; fall of Cabinet, 596; fanaticism of troops, 590; fear of Communism spreading into, 558-559; feigns posture of indifference to F.D.R.’s re-election, 18; and Great Britain, 80, 137, 171-172, 325, 400; Great Britain declares war on, 171-172; Hitler hopes for German-Japanese link-up, 308; Hitler’s strategy for, 69; Ickes urges a full embargo against, 23, 109; impatience to seize Allied possessions in the Far East, 19-20; and India, 20, 201, 202, 209, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 229, 231, 239, 240, 242, 308, 541; and Indochina, 13, 20, 78, 108, 109, 110, 127, 128, 135, 136, 138, 144, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 379, 381; iron and steel embargo, 20; kamikazes, 558, 588, 590; new leaders, 154; Navy, 175-176, 221, 444, 485, 540; negotiates for truce with U.S., 156-157; the New Order, 18, 20; oil embargo, 21, 107, 109, 110; peace group versus military, 558-559; and the Philippines, 78, 108, 158, 160, 165, 172, 175, 186, 201, 206-209, 218, 267, 379, 540; power overestimated, 57; projected American attack on, 540, 544; propaganda, 387; reaction to the German invasion of Russia, 97; reaction to F.D.R.’s death, 601; relations with its Axis partners, 79-80; rivalries between diplomats and military, 79, 106; F.D.R.’s assessment of aims, 6; F.D.R. makes wrong assessment of, 153; and Russia, 19, 81, 83, 94-95, 97, 108, 135, 137, 184, 188, 189, 207, 313, 314, 400, 401, 414, 545, 546, 565, 572, 574, 575, 576, 590; as signatory of the Anti-Comintern Pact, 19; as signatory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 69, 78, 144; sinks three American cruisers and one Australian, 255, 284; and the Solomons, 209, 225, 255, 283, 284, 285, 291, 300, 314, 382, 444; Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, 81, 83, 94-95; ten-point proposal to, 157; and unconditional surrender, 323; U.S. declares war on, 165-167; U.S. warning to, 134; war against the whites in Asia, 217-226; war aims, 217. See also Konoye, Fumimaro; Pacific theater; Pearl Harbor: attack on
Japan Times-Advertiser, 351
Japanese-Americans: discrimination against, vii, 214-215, 217, 268, 463; internment of, 213-217, 266-268, 275, 421, 461, 463-464, 466; riots by, in concentration camps, 421, 466
Jean Bart (French battleship), 294
Jefferson, Thomas, 216, 273, 362, 386, 596; Memorial, 356-357
Jews: attacked by Hitler in speech, December 1940, 17; anti-Semitism in the U.S., 280, 421; “final solution,” 395-397; hatred of, in German propaganda, 386; Hitler’s hatred of, 70, 310, 387; Ibn Saud approached re admitting, into Palestine, 578-579; report on U.S. government’s “acquiescence” in murder of, 441; F.D.R. and, 43, 395-398, 545, 577-579; Stalin discusses national home for, 577-578; War Refugee Board created to assist, 441-442
Jidda, 578
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 219
Jodl, Alfred, 391
Johnson, Edwin C, 437
Johnson, Hiram, 47, 132, 164, 165, 361, 426
Johnson, Hugh, 211
Johnson, Lyndon, 611
Joint Chiefs of Staff, American, 99, 128, 176, 182, 230, 242, 283, 284, 288, 316, 317, 345, 368, 389, 392, 393, 402, 403, 414, 415, 416, 440, 445, 452, 453, 477, 485, 489, 491, 494-495, 496, 519, 546, 548, 565; formation of, 183; supporting agencies of, 452. See also Arnold, Henry; Combined Chiefs of Staff; King, Ernest J.; Leahy, William D.; Marshall, George C.
Joint Chiefs of Staff, British, 85, 128, 183, 231, 311, 317, 318, 392, 415, 416, 444, 445, 477, 495. See also Brooke, Alan; Combined Chiefs of Staff; Dill, Sir John; Ismay, Sir Hastings L.; Mountbatten, Lord Louis; Portal, Sir Charles; Pound, Sir Dudley
Joint Committee on New Weapons and Equipment, 345
Jones, Jesse, 25, 39, 122, 341, 342, 348, 454-455, 560, 561, 603
Josephson, Matthew, 272
Juliana, Princess of Holland, 253
Juneau, 136
Juno Beach, 474