Note: page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
A
abolition
movement on Fourteenth Amendment 109
of slavery in Washington, D.C. 54
allegiance, taking oath of 90
All the Pretty Horses (McCarthy), 2
American Colonization Society 11
American Revolution
opposition to authority and 5
unjust taxation leading to 6
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (Walker) 11
Articles of Confederation 6
assassination, of Lincoln 106,
121
B
Booth, John Wilkes, assassination of Lincoln by 105–
106
Brooks, Preston, Sumner as caned by 24
Brown, John
assault on federal arsenal led by 26
as martyr for abolitionist cause 26
Burns, Anthony, capture of runaway slave 20
C
Calhoun, John C. 13
on slavery as positive good 13
cartoons, slavery as good v. evil in 19
Chancellorsville Campaign 68
Chase, Salmon 58,
65,
84,
88
Emancipation Proclamation and 65
Children’s Aid Society 40
civil rights, bill vetoed by Johnson 109
Civil War
divide between families by 34
Emancipation Proclamation allowing African American soldiers in 65
fraternizing between sides in 48
generalizations about motivations of sides in 47
immigrants enlisted for 47
lethal results of battles in 45
long-term origins of 5–
14
short-term origins of 15–
25
soldiers’ ideas of what they were fighting for in 46
toll on North/South by 67
Confederacy
advantages over Union of 35
referred to as insurgents 103
slaves as soldiers for 100–
101
Conscription Act 49,
67
hiring of substitutes in 67
riots in New York over 75
Constitution
tripartite form of government created by 6
Constitutional Convention 8
control, central authority v. local 5
cotton
from South in world economy 13
wealth from production for export of 13
Crittenden, John J., compromise measure offered by 30
Crittenden-Johnson resolution 39
D
Davis, Jefferson 44,
99
on control of Mississippi River 36
on Emancipation Proclamation 59,
61
on war’s course for Confederacy 41
Declaration of Independence 5,
7
Democrats
as significant percentage of Northern 89
discrimination, against freedmen 108
Dred Scott v. Sandford 24
E
education, for freedmen 117
Effects of the Fugitive-Slave-Law 20
Elements of Military Art and Science (Halleck) 43
emancipation
gradual plans by Northern states for 7
political platform of Liberty Party 16
Emancipation Proclamation 4
changes from preliminary decree to 65
reactions to preliminary 58
Southerners as denouncing 59
F
Federalists, ratification supported by 8
First Reconstruction Act 111
food, problems during Civil War 67
Forrest, Nathan Bedford 113
Fort Henry, Grant’s attack on 44
Fort Sumter 1
demand of surrender by 33
freedmen
codes discriminating against 108
educational efforts as progress for 117
freedom 118
transition from slavery to 110
Fugitive Slave Act 19,
22
property rights of slaveholders under 22
G
Garrison, William Lloyd, on slaveholders 11
General Order Number 11 54
Grant, Ulysses S. 70
Army of the Shenandoah created by 94
nomination for president of 113
Great Britain, American conflict as affecting 40–
41
Greeley, Horace 56,
58,
76
Niagara Falls meeting with Confederate agents by 103
H
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth 64
I
identity, of white Southerners 16
immigrants, as enlisting for Civil War 47
J
Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall” 52,
68
James River, Union forces access to 51
Johnson, Andrew
civil rights bill vetoed by 109
Johnston, Joseph E. 51,
86,
91
K
Kansas, as “Bleeding Kansas” 24
Kansas-Nebraska Act 22–
23
L
labor, need following slavery’s end 116
Lee, Robert E. 26
attack on Union center by 72–
73
command of Union Forces offered to 34
on slaveholders’ view of master/slave relationship 100
Liberty Party 93
immediate emancipation platform of 16
Lincoln, Abraham 11
actions for advancing Union’s military success by 66–
67
appeal for state militia troops to deal with insurrection 34
on black soldiers in military 77
Clay’s eulogy as delivered by 19
Confederates as called insurgents by 103
in Confederate White House 104
on defense of Emancipation Proclamation 79
on Fremont’s proclamation 39
on gradual emancipation 54
on injustice of slavery 23
on perpetual union of United States 32
presidential election of 27
Proclamation of Prayer and Thanksgiving issued by 94
reconstruction policies of 90
as reemerging from political retirement after Kansas-Nebraska crisis 23
travel to Harrison’s Landing 52
Whitman as cherishing 120
M
Manassas Industrial School 117
manifest destiny, doctrine of 17
marriage, interracial 108
McClellan, George 39,
50
attitude toward war of 52–
53
as nominated for president 92
military
black units prior to 1863, 76
Emancipation Proclamation and 65
Mississippi, causes of secession by 7
Missouri Compromise 22,
30
in Dred Scott v. Sandford 24
mobility, of white Southerners 15–
16
Morrill Land Grant Act 50
N
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 7
O
Ordinance of Nullification 14
O’Sullivan, Timothy H. 74
P
photographs, of Civil War 60–
61
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 82
Proclamation of Prayer and Thanksgiving, issued by Lincoln 94
property
provided for former slaves 102
rights under Fugitive Slave Act 20–
22
Q
R
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson 12
recruitment
of blacks in military 77–
78
reformation, restoration v. 108
Republican Party, creation of 23
S
secession
Mississippi’s causes of 7
place regained by states after 106
Southerners who supported 5
Second Confiscation Act 55
Seward, William Henry 33
on North-South struggle 28
Sheridan, Philip 94
as removed by Johnson 111
slaveholders
Supreme Court supporting rights of 26
view of master/slave relationship 100
slavery. See also abolition
attack by Lincoln and congress on 53–
54
attitude of Southern women toward 101
cotton production as related to positive view of 13
1852 turn in movement against 20
hostility to institution of 7
Lincoln on injustice of 23
master/slave relationship in 8
during Mexico/United States war 17
nation v. state tied to issue of 10
role in diplomatic relations 40
transition to freedom from 110
Slavery as it Exists in America. Slavery as it Exists in England (1850) 19
slaves. See also freedmen
escaping Confederate lines 40
as matter of military policy 40
property provided for former 102
slaveholders’ view of master relationship with 100
as soldiers for confederacy 100–
101
Smith, Gerrit 93
McClellan’s nomination denounced by 93
soldiers
on aftermath of battles 49
as fraternizing between sides 48
Soldiers National Cemetery 81
South
Seward on struggle between North and 28
South Carolina, secession of 27
Southern Homestead Act
quality of land available through 110
Specimen Days (Whitman) 122
state interposition, doctrine of 10
Stephens, Alexander 27–
28,
103
on secession and slavery 31
Stowe, Harriet Beecher 20
Strong, George Templeton 97
Sumner, Charles, as caned by Brooks 24
T
taxes 6
American Revolution and 6
Tennessee, Shiloh Church 45
Tocqueville, Alexis de 14
U
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe)
as banned by Southerners 20
slavery as moral dilemma in 20
Union
center as attacked by Lee 72–
73
Lincoln’s actions for advancing military success of 66–
67
United States v. Cruikshank 118
V
Virginia, gradual abolition of slavery in state as debated in 12
W
Warner, Charles Dudley 4,
118
Washington, D.C., abolition of slavery in 54
white supremacy, racial ideology built around 13
Whitman, Walt 122–
123
on assassination of Lincoln 121
Lincoln as cherished by 120
women, attitude toward slavery of Southern 101