List of Illustrations

Image credits as follows:

 

  1.

‘effigy of Joseph Johnson’, John Thomas Smith, 1815

  2.

Yinka Shonibare, Trafalgar Square Fourth Plinth unveiling, May 2010, photograph by Geoff Pugh, © Telegraph Media Group Limited

  3.

Bird that Never Was (1964) photograph by George W. Hales, © Hutton Archive/ Getty Images

  4.

Aubrey Williams, Arawak, 1959, oil on canvas, 61 × 76 cm, private collection © Estate of Aubrey Williams. All rights reserved, DACS 2013

  5.

Francis Newton Souza, Negro in Mourning, 1957, oil on hardboard, 122 × 61 cm, © Estate of F N Souza and © Birmingham Museums Trust, All rights reserved, DACS 2013

  6.

Anwar Shemza, The Wall, 1958, oil on board, 60 × 44.5 cm, © Birmingham Museums Trust and © Mrs Mary Shemza

  7.

Vanley Burke, Africa Liberation Day rally, Handsworth Park, Handsworth, Birmingham, 1977, photograph, © Vanley Burke

  8.

Caboo: The Making of a Caribbean Artist, Race Today, February 1975, magazine cover, © Darcus Howe

  9.

Uzo Egonu, Piccadilly Circus, 1969, oil on canvas, 82 × 115 cm © Mrs Hiltrud Egonu

10.

Catalogue cover for Caribbean Art Now, Commonwealth Institute, London, 17 June – 4 August 1986. Cover: Whispers in the Rain Forest, Kenwyn Crichlow (b. Trinidad and Tobago, 1951, studied at Goldsmiths College, London) © Kenwyn Crichlow

11.

Errol Lloyd, drawing for Walter Rodney, The Groundings with my Brothers, Bogle L’Ouverture Publications, London, 1969, book cover © Errol Lloyd

12.

Tam Joseph, Spirit of the Carnival, 1988, screenprint, 77 × 86.5 cm, private collection © Tam Joseph

13.

Winston Branch, West Indian, 1973, oil on canvas, 105 × 90.2 cm, Rugby Art Gallery and Museum Art Collections © Winston Branch

14.

Denzil Forrester, Police in Blues Club, 1985, oil on canvas, 214 × 365 cm © Denzil Forrester

15.

Eugene Palmer, Our Dead, 1993, oil on canvas, 102 × 120 cm, private collection (after a photograph by early 20th century African-American photographer, Richard Samuel Roberts) © Eugene Palmer

16.

Chila Kumari Burman, Auto-Portrait, 1995-2014, Mixed Media Individual Pigment Print on Hahnemuhle Fine Art Paper, embellished with Rhinestones 118 × 84.1 cm © Chila Kumari Burman

17.

Shaheen Merali, PG Tips: 80 Exploitation Flavour Flow Tea Bags, 1989, batik on khadi (an Indian homespun cotton cloth), 143 × 98 cm © Shaheen Merali

18.

Said Adrus, photograph from Lost Pavilion, 2007/08 (installation) about the Muslim Burial Ground, Woking, Surrey © Said Adrus

19.

Zarina Bhimji, I Will Always Be Here, 1992, installation, burnt children’s kurtas (loose collarless shirts worn by people from South Asia) © Zarina Bhimji

20.

Donald Rodney, Doublethink, 1992, sporting trophies, plus text, in glazed, mirrored and lit display, from Trophies of Empire, Arnolfini, Bristol, 21 November 1992 – 19 January 1993, private collection © Estate of Donald Rodney

21.

The Black-Art Gallery, Finsbury Park, London, 1986. Capital B, hyphen, capital A. © Eddie Chambers

22.

Sue Smock, The General, woodcut print, (detail), 1970, overall size, 99.06 × 33.02 cm, private collection © Sue Smock

23.

Detail of Sonia Boyce, Big Woman’s Talk, 1984, exhibition poster, The Other Story, Hayward Gallery, London, 29 November 1989 – 4 February 1990, © Sonia Boyce. All Rights Reserved, DACS 2013. Photograph © Eddie Chambers

24.

Romano Cagnoni, West Indian front room, 1971. From a special series in the Observer Magazine, beginning 28 November 1971, Black Britons, picture report, with text by Jann Pary and photographs by Romano Cagnoni. “The front room is typical of middle class West Indian homes : the stiff net and plastic flower arrangements, the neat furniture, the bright tidiness.” (page 22) © Romano Cagnoni

25.

Mowbray Odonkor, Self-portrait with Red, Gold and Green Flag/Onward Christian Soldiers, 1987, acrylic on paper, 152 × 182 cm, Arts Council Collection, © Mowbray Odonkor

26.

Sutapa Biswas, Housewives with Steak Knives, 1985, acrylic, pastel and photocopy collage on paper mounted on canvas, 274 × 244 cm. Collection of Bradford Museums and Galleries. © Sutapa Biswas

27.

Sokari Douglas Camp. Iriabo (Woman and Child), 1987, steel, 182.88 cm height, photograph by J. Ploskonka, Smithsonian National Museum of African Art. © Sokari Douglas Camp

28.

Permindar Kaur, Innocence, 1993, fabric and iron 60 × 72 cm, fabric and iron, photo by Peter Lundh, © Permindar Kaur

29.

Godfried Donkor, Slave to Champ II (new series), 2007, mixed media collage on paper, 64 × 48 cm, Kindermann Collection, © Godfried Donkor

30.

Kimathi Donkor, Coldharbour Lane 1985, 2005, oil on canvas, 152 × 152 cm, © Kimathi Donkor

31.

Mary Evans, Wheel of Fortune, 1996, craft paper, 250 cm diameter, photograph by P. Gorman © Mary Evans

32.

Barbara Walker, Solomon, 2005, acrylic on canvas, 46 × 33 cm (approx) private collection, © Barbara Walker

33.

Hurvin Anderson, Peter’s Sitters II, 2009, oil on canvas, 187 × 147cm, © Hurvin Anderson

34.

Faisal Abdu’Allah, Fuck da Police, 1991, screenprint on etched steel, 69.5 × 132 cm, private collection, © Faisal Abdu’Allah

35.

Donald Locke, Trophies of Empire, 1972 – 74, wood cabinet, ceramic and mixed media, 192 × 130 × 20 cm, © Mrs. Brenda Locke and the Estate of Donald Locke

36.

Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Any Number of Preoccupations, 2010, oil on canvas, 160.02 × 200.66 cm, © Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, courtesy of the artist, Jack

 

Shainman Gallery, New York and Corvi-Mora, London