Contents

Foreword:Trading Illusions for Actions

—Steven C. HayesUniversity of Nevada

Introduction: A Mindful Approach to Depression

A New Perspective on Depression

The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach

Mindfulness and Depression

But Is This Approach Right for Me?

A Mantra: Accept, Choose, and Take Action

Accepting the Uncertainty of Change

How This Book Is Organized

How to Use This Book

Ask Others to Support You

A Little Story

Part 1: Preparing for Radical Change

Chapter 1: New Perspectives on Depression

Five Contemporary Perspectives on Depression

The ACT Perspective

The Mindfulness Perspective

The Self-Compassion Perspective

The Positive Psychology Perspective

The Neuroscience Perspective

Default Mode Network

Task Positive Network

Executive Control Network

A Neuroscience Framework for Intervention

Combining Perspectives: A New Start

Loss of Attention Control and Rule Following

Avoidance Promotes Depression

Depressed Behavior Generates Depressed Mood

Flaws of the Biomedical Perspective

Is Depression a Biological Illness?

Is Depression the Result of a Chemical Imbalance?

Are Medications the Best Treatment for Depression?

Do Medications Work Faster?

What Role Do Medications Play?

Trading Illusions for Actions

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 2: Human Vulnerabilities in Depression

The Match: Coping with Life Stress and Daily Hassles

Dealing with Interpersonal Loss

Coping with Trauma

Lifestyle Choices and Depression

Risky Business: Depression Triggers

The Gasoline: Rule Following

How Language Controls Behavior

Rule-Governed Behavior

Rule Following and Living on Autopilot

The Gasoline: Avoidance

Why Avoidance Doesn’t Work

Private Experiences Are Automatic

Avoidance Leads to a Rebound Effect

Moving Mindfully Through Depression: Dare to Imagine

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 3: It’s All About Workability

The Four Cornerstones of Health

Workability: The Nemesis of Rule Following

Workability and Values Go Hand in Hand

Workability Is About Results, Not Promises

Workability in Daily Life: The Yardstick

The Choice Point: Short-Term Relief, Long-Term Grief

Judy’s Results

Judy’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Use Workability as a Life Mantra

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 4: Understanding the Mind and Mindfulness

Welcome to Your Mind!

The Two Modes of Mind

Reactive Mind

Wise Mind

Wise Mind and Psychological Flexibility

Being Aware

Being Open

Being Engaged

Five Facets of Mindfulness

Targets for Mindfulness Practice

A Formula For Radical Change

Ideas to Cultivate

Part 2: 9 Mindful Steps to Transcend Depression

Chapter 5: Step 1: Find Your True North

What Are Values?

NeuroNote: Values Produce Intrinsically Positive Motivation

Running on Empty

How Values Get Lost in the Shuffle of Living

Values and Depression

Amy’s Results

Amy’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Brain Training to Point You Toward True North

Reminder: Be Gentle with Yourself

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 6: Step 2: Use the Present Moment as Your Anchor

The Importance of Paying Attention

NeuroNotes: The Continuum of Attention

The Three Perspectives of Experience

Be an Observer

Simple Awareness

Brain Training to Strengthen Your Inner Observer

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 7: Step 3: Practice Nonjudgmental Acceptance

Acceptance: The Alternative to Emotional Avoidance

NeuroNotes: Emotion Recognition Is a Key Mindfulness Skill

What Can Be Changed

What Must Be Accepted

Fostering Emotional Resilience

Describe What You See

Be a Witness

Regulate Instant Appraisals and Action Tendencies

Willingness: The Alternative to Behavioral Avoidance

Bill’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Brain Training Emotional Acceptance

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 8: Step 4: Detach and Let Go

Detachment and the Sanctuary of Wise Mind

NeuroNotes: Detachment Is a Powerful Emotion Regulation Strategy

Sticky Thoughts

Qualities of Sticky Thoughts

Put Reactive Mind in a Time-Out

Brain Training to Strengthen Detachment

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 9: Step 5: Don’t Believe Your Reasons

Reason Giving

NeuroNotes: Biases in Emotionally Based Cause-and-Effect Reasoning

The Problem with Reasons

The Illusion of Cause and Effect

Reasons Are Social Creations

Reasons Are Easily Programmed

The Myth of Emotions as Reasons

Four Poison Pills: Moral Reason Giving

Right versus Wrong

Good versus Bad

Fair versus Unfair

Responsibility versus Blame

Brain Training for Holding Your Reasons Lightly

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 10: Step 6: Hold Your Stories Lightly

Self-Stories: Reason Giving on Steroids

NeuroNotes: Neural Pathways Support Positive and Negative Stories

How Self-Stories Work

The “Truthiness” Effect

The Truth Is Not Out There

The Problem with Stories

Rumination and Memory Suppression

Let’s Work Out Your Storyteller

Kevin’s Results

Ruth’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Brain Training to Play with Stories

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 11: Step 7: The Leap: Practice Self-Compassion

What Is Self-Compassion?

The Benefits of Self-Compassion

NeuroNotes: Self-Compassion Regulates Distressing Emotions

Joan’s Results

Ways to Cultivate Self-Compassion

Practicing Self-Kindness

Joan’s Results

Joan’s Results

Softening Self-Judgment

Joan’s Results

Connecting with Common Humanity

Joan’s Results

The Middle Path

Joan’s Results

Joan’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Brain Training Exercises for Self-Compassion

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 12: Step 8: Live with Vision and Intention

What Is a Life Vision?

NeuroNotes: Imagination is the Most Complex of all Brain Activities

Example: Ruth’s Experience

Form Your Life Vision

Ruth’s Results

Relationships

Work/Study

Leisure/Play

Health

Cultivating Intention

Ruth’s Experience

Brain Training For Vision and Intention

Ideas to Cultivate

Chapter 13: Step 9: Make and Keep Promises to Yourself

NeuroNotes: Choice, Free Will, and Free Won’t

The Power of Choice

Choice Originates in Wise Mind

Choices Originate in Your Values

Choice Is a Process, Not an Outcome

We Don’t Choose Perfectly

Choice Doesn’t Give You a Hall Pass!

Hidden Barriers to Promise Keeping

“I Lack Self-Confidence.”

“I Need Justice in Order to Move Forward.”

“I’ve Wasted My Life”

When Promises Get Broken

Can’t versus Won’t

Make Another Promise

Broken Promises as Opportunities

Luke’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

Brain Training for Promise Keeping

Ideas to Cultivate

Part 3: Creating the Life You Want to Live

Chapter 14: Promote Positivity, Prevent Relapse

Positivity Resonates

Hedonic and Eudaimonic Pleasure

Anatomy of Positivity

The Principle of Emotional Inertia

Savoring in Daily Life

Lifestyle Change Pointers

Be SMART

Create Behavioral Intention

Learn Bit by Bit

Develop Cues

Just in Case: Positivity as Protection Against Relapse

Building the Protective Shield

Andy’s Journey Toward a Vital Life

A Sneak Preview of Your Future

Ideas to Cultivate

Accessing Further Treatment and Support Resources

Internet-Based Treatment Programs

Mobile Apps

General ACT Apps

Mindfulness Apps

Depression Apps

Enlist Professional Help

Rally Your Social Support

Look for Competent Social Support

Find a Vitality Partner

Acknowledgments

References