A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

INDEX OF BIASES AND FALLACIES

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active open-mindedness, lack of, 310–11, 356–57n67

ad hominem fallacy, 19–20, 90–91, 92–93, 291

affective fallacy, 92–93, 291

affirming the consequent, 83, 85, 139

Allais paradox, 188–90

all-or-none causation fallacy, 260, 269

appeal to emotion, 92

a priori–a posteriori confusion. See post hoc probability

argument from authority, 3–4, 90, 291

availability bias and heuristic, 11, 119–23, 125–27, 320, 347n22

bandwagon fallacy, 90, 93, 291

base rate neglect, 154–57, 349–50nn6,27

begging the question, 89

bias bias, 291

biased assimilation, 290–91

biased evaluation, 291, 294

bounded rationality, 184–88

broken-leg problem, overestimation of, 279–80

burden of proof fallacy, 89

clinical vs. actuarial judgment, 278–80

close-mindedness. See active open-mindedness, lack of

cluster illusion, 146–48

cognitive reflection, lack of, 8–10, 311

collider fallacy, 261, 262–63

confirmation bias, 13–14, 142–43, 216, 290, 342n26

conjunction fallacy (Linda problem), 26–29, 115, 116, 156

correlation implies causation, 245–47, 251–52, 312, 321, 323–24, 329–30

data snooping, 145–46, 160

denying the antecedent, 83, 294

dieter’s fallacy, 101

discounting the future too steeply, 320

dread risk, 122

exponential growth bias, 10–12, 320–21

expressive rationality, 297–98

false dichotomy, 100

forbidden base rates, 62, 163–66

framing effects, 117–18, 168–70, 178, 188–92, 192–96, 321, 323, 349–50n27

garden of forking paths, 145, 185, 348n60

genetic fallacy, 91, 92–93, 291

guilt by association, 91

heretical counterfactuals, 64–65

hot hand fallacy, 131

hot hand fallacy fallacy, 131–32

hyperbolic discounting. See myopic temporal discounting

illusory correlation, 245–46, 251–52, 321

imaginability. See availability heuristic

intransitivity, 176, 185–88

irrelevant alternatives, sensitivity to, 177–78, 188–92, 350n8

loss aversion, 192–94

mañana fallacy, 101

Meadow’s fallacy (multiplying probabilities of interdependent events), 129–30, 131

money pump, 176, 180, 185, 187–88

monocausal fallacy, 260, 272–73

motte-and-bailey tactic (moving the goalposts), 88

moving the goalposts (motte-and-bailey), 88

myopic temporal discounting, 52–56, 54

myside bias, 294–96, 297, 312–13, 316, 317, 357n73

mythology mindset, 301–9

no true Scotsman fallacy, 88

openness to evidence, lack of, 310–11, 356–57n67

outrage, communal, 123–27

overconfidence, 20, 29–30, 33, 115, 216, 255, 323

paradoxical tactics, 58–62

paradox of the heap, 101

post hoc probability, 141–48, 160, 321

preference reversal, 52–53, 55

probability neglect, 11, 28, 321

propensity confused with probability, 21–22, 118, 139–40, 198, 216

prosecutor’s fallacy, 140–41

questionable research practices, 145–46, 160

regression to the mean, unawareness of, 254–56, 320, 353n13

regret avoidance, 17, 190

representativeness heuristic, 27, 155–56

resistance to evidence. See openness to evidence, lack of

selective exposure, 290–91

sexism, 19–20

slippery slope fallacy, 100–101

so-what-you’re-saying-is, 88

special pleading, 88

stereotyping, 99–100, 108–09. See also representativeness

straw man, 88, 291

sunk cost fallacy, 237–38, 320, 323

System 1 thinking. See cognitive reflection, lack of

taboos, 62, 124, 166. See also forbidden base rates; heretical counterfactuals; taboo tradeoffs

taboo tradeoffs, 62–64, 184, 350n15

Texas sharpshooter fallacy, 142–46, 160, 321

Tragedy of the Rationality Commons, 298, 315–17

tu quoque (what-aboutery), 89

unreflective thinking, 8–10, 311

virtus dormitiva, 11–12, 53, 89

what-aboutery (tu quoque), 89

Winner’s Curse, 256

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