Index

• 2DFire 36
• 2DVVI 114–16

A

• Aadhar card 132
• ‘absolutist’ model 221
• Accenture 79, 157, 159
• accountability 190
• accuracy, need for 10
• ACORD 84
• ADA Health 75
• Ada Lovelace Institute 173
• administrative workflow assistance 79
• advanced data analytics 109–10, 239
• advanced image recognition 90
• advanced matching algorithms 81, 82
• Advanced Technology External Advisory Council (ATEAC) 183
• advisory processes 127
• AEDPT 233
• African Financial Sector 58–9
  • Financial Exclusion and Cybercrime 58
• AI Commons 70
• AI Council 27
• ‘AI tax’ 243
• AI100 Standing Committee 231
• Aino use case 111
• Algo 216
• algocracy, regulation 71–3
• algocratic insurance 71–4
• algorithms 53
  • advanced matching 81
  • assurance 214–16
  • boosting 126, 128
  • determinism 72
  • selection 249
• Alibaba 21, 45, 53
• Alipay 43
• Allstate 96
• Allstate Business Insurance Expert (ABIE) 96
• Alphabet 183
• AlphaGo 6, 141
• AlphaGo Zero 6, 7
• Alt-data 163–5
• alternative data 12, 46, 48, 163–5
• Amazon 15, 18, 20, 36, 45, 67, 83, 122, 133, 152, 155, 157, 181, 202, 229, 246, 262
  • Alexa 49, 209, 255
  • Go 105
  • Rekognition 183
• Annum 80
• anomaly detection 44, 71, 126
• Ant Financial 21, 53, 122
• anti-money laundering (AML) 59, 104, 157, 167, 216
• Apple 75, 97, 202, 262
  • Card 57
  • crash (2014) 135
  • iPhone 49
  • partnership with Goldman Sachs 122
• Apple Pay 57
• application programming interface (API) 11, 36, 43, 46
• Archer 233
• artificial general intelligence (AGI) 158
• artificial Intelligence, definition 151, 158
• artificial Intelligence advantage 23–4
• artificial Intelligence–human collaboration approach 261
• artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) 158
• artificial neural networks 102
• artificial super intelligence (ASI) 158
• assistants
  • digital 257
  • intelligent 42
  • machine learning-based 111
  • virtual 102, 124, 126, 127
  • virtual nursing assistants 79
  • virtual personal assistant (VPA) 112
• assisted intelligence 93
• audit, need for 223
• augmented human intelligence 14–15, 93
• authorization event 105
• auto insurance 97
• autoencoders 126
• automated machine learning 248–50
• automated trading 144
• automatic data capture 53
• AutoML 155
• autonomous regulatory agents (ARAs) 251, 252
• Autor, David 259
• Aviva’s Quantum Team 94
• AXA 80
• AXA Tianping 80
• Axon 183
  • AI and Policing Ethics Board (APEB) 183

B

• Babbage, Charles 102
• back office 123, 137–8
• Baidu 21
• Bankin’ 50
• banking licenses 47
• Basel Accord 251
• Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) 230, 232
• Basel IV 232
• BATJ (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, Jingdong) 39
• Bayesian processing 53
• BBVA 50
• behavioural analytics 67
• behavioural biometrics 105–6
• behavioural premium pricing 89
• beneficence 180
• BERT model 128, 257
• Betterment 217
• bias 16–17
  • gender 265
  • racial 210–11
• big data 41, 102, 108–10, 239
• ‘big tech’ firms, AI focus 21
• Biobeats 80
• biometrics 40, 105–6
• Birdie 80
• black box 7, 69, 77, 177,188, 197–99, 215
• blockchain technology 47, 242
• Bloomberg 136
• BMW 166
• board 26–7
  • composition 27
  • dynamics 26
  • special educational programmes 27
• boom and bust cycle 136
• Boost.ai 111
• boosting algorithms 126, 128
• b-Paid 116
• Brynjolfsson, Erik 259, 260
• business applications in finance 6–7

C

• call models 37
• Cambridge Analytica (CA) scandal 227
• Canada: Genetic Non-Discrimination Act (2017) 66
• Cape Analytic 96
• capital management 91
• capital markets 254–5
  • AI approaches in 150–6
  • use cases 152–3
  • use of AI in 163–5
  • where to now? 166–7
• car loans 44
• CareVoice 80
• central processing units (CPU) 21
• Challenger banks 12, 43
• chaos theory 135
• chatbot 7, 49, 88, 89, 95–6, 112
  • in African financial sector 59
  • banking applications 49–51
  • customer care 239
  • customer service 34, 51
  • in debt collection 36–7
  • expansion of 49
  • realtime 89
  • ‘showcase’ 49–51
• China 20–2, 258
  • AI governance network 22
  • AI start-up funding 20–1
  • AI strategy 20
  • ‘big tech’ forms 21
  • Central Bank’s credit information system 39
  • credit system 35
  • inclusive finance 39–42
  • machine vision patent category 21
  • market model 20
  • ‘Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’ 20
  • social credit system 21
• chip technology 21
• churn prediction 126
• churn rate 90
• client attrition 126, 127–8
• client centricity 122
• client data promise 202–3
• client experience 126
• client identification 126
• client prospecting and conversion 125–6
• client risk appetite 126
• client risk profile 126
• client screening 126
• client segmentation 125
• client servicing and support 127
• cloud computing 23, 41, 94, 151, 239
• codified alpha 141
• Coding as a Second Language (CSL) 25
• cognitive computing capabilities 239
• commercial insurance 80–1
• commercial underwriting 81–2, 83–4, 90
• Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects 180
• common sense reasoning 155
• communication campaign 28
• COMPAS 210, 265
• complexity theory 160
• compliance 160–2, 232–3
  • need for 224
• computer vision 82, 92, 95
• Computers, Privacy and Data Protection Conference (2018) 212
• connected homes 255
• connected life 191
• consumer debt (US) 34
• contactless payments 105, 187
• content augmentation 123
• convergence of advanced technologies 144–6
• ‘conversational agent’ see chatbot
• conversational banking 123
• conversational user interface (CUI) 112
• conversion forecast 126
• convolutional neural networks (CNN) 6
• core banking systems 43
• cost to the economy 113
• Council of Europe AI goals 22, 28
• Craib, Richard 245
• credit
  • access to 44
  • approval process 40
  • assessment in underserved segments 54–5
• credit scoring 46, 54
• CreditEnable 53
• ‘creditworthiness’ 34, 35
  • facial recognition technology 34
  • of SMEs 52
• CRM 2.0 116
• cross-selling 109
• customer engagement 34
• customer service chatbot 34, 49
• customer service robot 42
• CXI Council on Extended Intelligence 70
• cyber risks 67
• cyberattacks 189
• cyber-physical systems (CPS) 186

D

• DARPA 154
• data
  • and AI strategy 161
  • alternative 46, 48, 163–5
  • anonymization of 16
  • as asset 200–1
  • availability 16
  • classification 76
  • cleansing 48
  • confidentiality 128
  • ethics, need for 200
  • geolocalization 46
  • historical lending, property 56
  • labels 16
  • lack of 40
  • library 233
  • lifestyle 46
  • mining 53
  • mistrust 201
  • networks 15
  • privacy 67, 239
  • promise 202–3
  • quality 12
  • sharing 12, 128
  • shortage 248
  • sources 40
  • theft 19
  • transparency 239
  • truth and accuracy of 40
  • unbiased 7
  • value of 201–3
• ‘data war’ 19
• data-based automation 137
• Daterion 96
• de-biasing 215
• Decentralized apps (dApps) 246
• decision enhancement tools 135
• decision-making, autonomy of 177
• decision trees 126, 127, 215, 238
  • regression 126
• deep learning (DL) 6, 195
  • failure of 7
  • financial regulation 251–3
  • within finance 157–9
• DeepMind 182–3
  • AlphaStar system 155
• Deloitte 157
• deposits
  • applications of AI 46–8
  • future of 43–5
• DevOps 239
• digital footprints 46, 54
• Digital India 132
• digital signatures 90
• digital transformation 11–12
• digital war 19
• discrimination 67
• disruptors of AI 94
• distributed ledger technology (DLT) 187, 239
• DNB 111
• document anti-counterfeiting 41
• Domingos, Pedro 155
• dot-com boom 9
• Droit 233
• drones 89, 90, 95–6
• due diligence process 40–1, 201
• DvP 141
• dynamic authentication 105

E

• e-commerce transactions 46
• ECPAIS (Ethics Certification Program for Autonomous & Intelligent Systems) 70
• efficient markets hypothesis 134
• electronic ‘know-your-customer’ (eKYC) systems 44, 90
• Email bots 90
• emotion 17, 258
  • lack of 34
• enablement 191–4
• English common law model 20
• enhanced cognition 23–4
• ensemble learning algorithms 128
• Enterprise Analytics 89
• environmental, social and governance (ESG) 129–31
  • corporate reporting 180–5
• ‘equality of opportunity’ 140
• Equifax data breach (2017) 202, 232
• Esme Loans 52–3
• ETF 2.0 140–2
• ethics 8, 17, 192–4
  • boardroom 69
  • challenges 176–7
  • data, need for 200–1
  • definition 69
  • digital 201
  • in financial markets 188–90
  • governance 180
  • innovation 178–9
• Ethically-Aligned Design (EAD) 70
• ethics by design 69
• ethics for design 69
• ethics in design 69
• European Commission AI guidelines 22, 28
• European Union (EU)
  • AI strategy 20
  • Declaration of Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence 218
  • second Payment Services Directive (PSD2) 191
  • ‘Upskilling Pathways’ initiative 25
  • see also General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
• evolution of RegTech 232–3
• e-wallets 105
• exchange-traded funds (ETFs) 140–1
• expert systems 151, 238
• explainability 17, 177, 186, 190, 198
• explainable AI (XAI) 17, 69, 73, 77, 153–4
• explainable algorithm 198
• external risks 221
• eye recognition 40

F

• Facebook 20, 122, 180, 202, 246, 262, 265
  • Libra 122
  • Messenger 49, 50
• facial recognition 21, 40
  • algorithms 7
  • creditworthiness 34
  • regulations on 18
  • software 67
• Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) (US) 197
• fairness 17, 20, 176–7
• fairness, ethics, accountability and transparency (FEAT) 70, 214
• fear 143–5
• ‘feature engineering’ 37
• federated learning 128, 248–50
• FICO 35
• Finance Innovation Lab 173
• ‘financial advice’ 122
• financial coaching 50
• Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) 154
• ‘financial innovation’ 122
• Financial Stability Board 214
• Findability 233
• fingerprint recognition 40
• FINMA: Circular 2013/8 214
• Fit4Future! 232–3
• Flash Crash 135
• Flipkart 45
• Flood Re & Genetics in Life insurance 68
• Flood Re Solution Super-accurate 66
• FNOL 86
• Fourth Industrial Revolution 240, 242, 246, 257
• Foxconn 21
• fraud
  • applications, identification of 39–40
  • combatting 108–9
  • detection 6–7
  • reaction time to 224
  • typologies 224
• fraud at first notification of loss (FNOL) 86
• Frey, Carl 242
• front office 137–9
• FS AI/ML Trust Issue 191
• future of AI 6, 188, 240–1
  • in finance 6–8
  • jobs 259
  • portfolio manager267–9
  • prediction and 260

G

• G20 Data Gaps Initiative 252
• gamification 89
• Gartner 49, 111
• Gates, Bill 45, 52
• gender bias 183, 265
• General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 57, 154, 191, 202, 211–12, 215–16, 218
  • automated decision-making 212
  • Data Minimization principle 212
  • Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA) 212
  • Individual Rights 212
  • Lawful Basis 211–12
  • Purpose Limitation principle 211
• general linear model 94
• generative adversarial networks (GANs) 6, 154, 268
• genetic testing 66
• geolocalization data 46, 163
• Girls Who Code 25
• GLM based models 94
• Global Financial Crisis (2007/8) 173, 232, 251
• Global Financial Innovation Network (GFIN) 233
• Goldilocks Rule 159
• Goldman Sachs 57, 95, 122, 148
• Google 6, 14, 18, 21, 79, 93, 109, 128, 155, 157, 182–3, 202, 209, 246, 250, 255, 257, 262, 265
  • Advanced Technology External Advisory Council (ATEAC) 183
  • AI centre, Africa 59
  • BERT 133
• Google Pay 57
• Google Translate 255
• GPT-2 154
• graphic processing units (GPU) technology 21
• graphical user interface (GUI) 112
• Great Crash (1929) 251
• Great Depression 251
• greed 143–5
• Group of Twenty (G20) (2019) Osaka Declaration 23

H

• Haldane, Andrew 160
• Hangzhou ‘City Brain’ project 21
• Harley Davidson 109
• Hawking, Stephen 266
• healthcare insurance 75–7, 78–80
• Hedvig 66
• high-net-worth individual (HNWI) end of the market 132
• high-quality data 48
• Hispanic Heritage Foundation 25
• holistic screening 224
• home buying 44, 56
• Hong Kong Central Bank 189
• human-in-the-loop model 47
• Human Rights Data Analysis Group 265
• human strengths and weaknesses 260–1
• Hybrid Model (Quantamental+ MetaQuant) 164–5

I

• I Know First 134–6
• IBM 21, 50, 79, 157, 211
• ICICI Lombard 96
• IFC 254
• iFlytek 21
• image recognition 6, 90, 128, 238, 260
• ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) 90
• impact of AI 10
• imperfect information games 155
• Independent AI Ethics Committees 180–5
• Independent Human Research Review Committees (IHRCs) 180–1
  • corporate AI-focused 181–2
• India
  • account opening and personalization 132–3
  • investment and asset management 132–3
• ‘inequality of outcome’ 140
• ‘inferential analytics’ 248
• ‘information asymmetry’ 68
• informed consent 180
• instant messaging (IM) tools. 41, 49
• institutional review boards (IRBs) 180
• insurance 65–70
  • algocratic 71–4
  • claims and settlement management 89–90
  • commercial underwriting 81–2, 83–5
  • customer services 89–90
  • healthcare 75–7, 78–80
  • household flood risk 66
  • life 66
  • onboarding 89
  • personalization as future of 68
  • policy administration 90
  • policy life cycle management 86–8
  • products 89
  • sales and distribution 89
  • use cases 72–3
  • value chain 89–91
• InsurTech 65
• Intel Corporation 79
• intelligent automation 157, 240
• intelligent calling 42
• intelligent character recognition (ICR) 90
• intelligent customer service 41–2
• ‘intelligent empowerment’ (IE) 161–2, 191
• International Data Corporation 158
• International Finance Corporation 24
• International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) 184
• internet of things (IoT) 89, 92, 97, 191, 214, 254, 268
• investment automation 123
• investment research and trading 127
• investment selection 134–6
• invisible banking 112
• ‘invisible hand’ 195–6
• iTunes 43

J

• JAM (Jan Dhan Aadhar Mobile) Trinity 50, 132
• JD Finance 52
• JD.com 21
• jobs
  • displacement 242
  • future of 259
• JP Morgan 160
  • LOXM algorithm 153
• Juniper Research 49
• ‘just-in-time’ production 45

K

• Kaggle 245
• k-mean clustering 125
• know-your-customer (KYC) 44, 59, 90, 104, 109, 126, 153, 167, 203, 214, 232
• knowledge graph-based question answering (KGQA) area 36
• knowledge graphs 36
• KPIs 214
• KPMG 11

L

• Land Rover 166
• languages 257
• law 209–13
• leadership 262–3
• lean engineering 116
• legacy boards 26
• legal risk and regulation 227
• legitimacy 172
• Lehman Brothers 122, 232
• Lekta.ai 111
• Lemonade 94
• lending
  • applications of AI 46–8
  • credit decisions 35
  • fraud prevention 35
  • future of 43–5
  • user identification 34
• Lendio 52
• LIBOR scandal 161
• life insurance 66
• lifelong learning 24–5
• lifestyle data 46
• lifetime value (LTV) 90
• limits of AI 10
• linear regression 126
• Linux 247
• loan
  • changing expectations 44
  • examination and approval 41
• Locally Interpretable Model Estimation (LIME) 198, 215
• logistic regression 94, 126, 197
• long short-term memory (LSTM) 6
• Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) 7

M

• machine learning (ML) 6, 9, 21, 36, 41, 52, 54, 75–7, 81–2, 108, 114, 129, 138, 151, 157–9, 197, 248–50
  • advanced algorithms 53
  • definition 151
  • in digital wealth management 125–8
  • modelling techniques 81
  • supervised learning 102
  • unlocking 108–10
  • unsupervised learning 102
• machine vision 21
• macro-trend analysis of workforce challenges 24
• Madoff, Bernie 141, 255
• manufactured risks 220
• Manulife 97
• Manyika, James 37
• markets as chaotic systems 134–5
• matrix factorization 125
• Maya bot 96
• McAfee 259
• McKinsey & Co 11, 39
• McKinsey Global Institute 37, 79
• merchants, advanced analytics for 109–10
• MetaQuants 163–5
• MetricStream GRC 233
• Microsoft 18, 20, 21, 53, 79, 157, 249
• middle office 123, 137–8
• MiFID II 123, 161, 233
• mobile phone data, creditworthiness 55
• ‘modernist’ model 221
• Monetary Authority of Singapore 214
• Moneybox 217
• monosemantic equilibrium forms 114
• Moore’s Law 102, 140
• morality of AI 265–6
• mortgage debt 34
• mortgage market 56
• MS Office Excel 233
• multi-Language 257
• MYbank 53
• MyBucks 53

N

• named entity recognition 84, 126
• National Research Act (1974) (US) 180
• natural disasters 254
• natural language processing (NLP) 7, 14, 21, 23, 53, 59, 71, 82, 84, 90, 92, 111, 126, 127, 153, 166, 198, 214, 238, 248, 255
• Natural Language Understanding (NLU) 111, 257
• Netflix 152, 245, 262
• neural networks 14, 21, 23, 126, 127, 195
• next best action 125, 126
• ‘niche discrimination’ 72
• non-banking services 50
• non-linear models 197
• noSQL database 137
• Numerai 245–6

O

• Obama, Barack 217
• OCEANIS (Open Community for Ethics in Autonomous and Intelligent Systems) 70
• OECD AI goals 22, 28
• omnichannel banking 111
• onboarding 46, 90, 126–7
• on-the-job training 24
• ontologies 15
• open banking 12, 47, 122, 191
  • application programming interfaces (APIs) 11
  • in European Union 102
  • Web 3.0 and 245–7
• open insurance 72
• OpenAI 154, 202
• optical character recognition (OCR) 41, 44, 84, 92
• ordinary least squares regression 94
• organizational efficiency 166
• organizational readiness 17
• original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) 44
• Osbourn, Michael 242
• Oxfam 243

P

• Padoa 80
• Panasonic Foundation 25
• passive investing 123
• password identification 39, 105
• patterns 46
  • big data 104
  • fraud 103–4
  • recognition 23, 7
• payments 102–4
  • authentication 105–7
  • contactless 102, 105, 187
  • frictionless 105–7
  • see also big data
• PayPal 36, 43, 45, 202
• PayTM 43
• PBOC (People’s Bank of China) credit scores 35
• Pearson correlation indicator 135
• peer-to-peer (P2P) networks 89, 246
• personal loans 44
• personally identifiable information (PII) 48, 201
• PIN numbers 105
• Ping An Health 80
• Point of sale 86, 105
• politically exposed persons (PEPs) 104
• polygraphic analysis 90
• polynomial regression 126
• polysemantic equilibrium forms 114
• ponzi 141
• portfolio optimization 125, 132
• post loan disbursal 45
• post-loan data 41
• post-onboarding 90
• predictive algorithms 239
• PredPol 265
• pre-onboarding 90
• PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) 157
• principal component analysis (PCA) 125, 127
• Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) 184
• privacy 177, 189
  • need for 16
• procurement assurance compliance 215
• product centricity 122
• product matching 126
• product recommendations 125, 126–7
• Prognos 76
• Progressive Insurance 97
• ‘propensity for fraud score’ 86
• property prices 56
• prospect conversion 126
• PSD2 12, 173, 191, 202
• psychometric data 46, 54
• public trust in AI 20
• push/pull wealth management offers, transformation of 122–4
• PySyft 250

Q

• qualified personnel, shortage of 248–9
• quality control 10
• ‘quantamental’ approach 163
• quantitative easing 251
• quantum computing 143, 144, 239

R

• racial bias 210–11
• random forest 126, 128
  • model ML 53
  • regression 126
• random walk hypothesis 134
• real-time document uploading 90
• real-time feedback 89
• real-time mobile banking 11
• real-time predictive analytics 89
• real-time speech recognition 42
• Real-World Insurance Value Chain 92–7
• recommendation engines 102, 152–3
• Recommender systems 125
• recurrent neural networks (RNN) 6, 126
• Refinitiv 12
• ‘RegTech’ 232
  • RegTech 3.0 233
• regulation of AI 179, 203, 217–19
• reinforcement learning 128, 135
• reliability 11
• research failure 16
• resilience 16
• reskilling 263–4
• return on investment (ROI) of data capture 94
• revenue forecasts 126
• risk 9–10
  • cyber 67
  • external 221
  • identification of 223–4
  • legal 226
  • management 81
  • profiling 125, 126
  • surveillance 72
  • systemic 7–8
• risk-based regulation (RBR) 220–2
• ‘risk society’ 220, 221
• robo-advisors 123, 124, 157
• ‘robo’ trading 217
• Robocop on Wall Street 225–8
• robot-assisted surgery 79
• robotic process automation (RPA) 47, 92, 226, 239, 242
• Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) 50
• rule engines 238

S

• safeguards 7–8
• sales process optimization 258
• sampling 224
• Samsung 75
• Samsung Pay 43
• scalability 11
• ‘scientificrationalist’ 221
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) 185
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (US) 232, 251
• security 11, 105
• ‘segment-of-one’ 72
• self-organized maps (SOM) 125
• self-regulation 212–13
• semantic analysis 42, 195
• semantic database 137
• sensitive personal information (SPI) 201
• sentiment analysis 127, 161, 195
• SHAP 198, 215
• Shapley values 215
• ‘Sharp Eyes’ project 21
• ‘showcase’ chatbots 51
• siloed approach to adoption 238
• simMachines 154
• Singapore’s AI structure 20
• Siri 49, 255
• skilling 263–4
• Skinner, Chris 160
• Skyglyph 96
• Skyrim 56
• smart contracts with AI 239
• Smart Routing 108
• ‘smarter beta’ 141
• smartphone wallet 187
• smartphones 43, 102
• small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
  • credit landscape 52–3
  • lending 36, 52–3
  • underwriting process 82
• Smith, Adam
  • Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, An 195
  • Theory of Moral Sentiments 195
• Snapshot mobile app 97
• social media analysis 127
• social network analysis 195
• societal value chain 116
• Société Générale 50
• soft skills 263
• speech quality inspection 42
• speech recognition 21, 71, 112
• speech semantic recognition technology 42
• speech synthesis 21
• SPIXII 97
• spontaneous order 195
• Spotify 209, 262
• Square 45
• stakeholder collusion 39
• Starbucks 43
• StarCraft II 155
• Starling 12
• State Farm 96
• static authentication 107
• statistical anomaly detection 53
• statistical parity difference 215
• straight-through processing (STP) 141
• strength-based management techniques 27
• ‘Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act’ (US) 25
• supervised learning 102–3, 125, 126
• support process optimization 258
• support vector machine regression 126
• surveillance data 21
• systemic risk 7–8

T

• tacit knowledge 259, 261
• tag clouds 15
• Taser 183
• technical standards 218
• technology anxiety 259
• telegram 50
• telemarketing 34
• telematics, connected 89
• telemedicine 80
• Tencent 21
• TensorFlow Federated 250
• Tesla 166
• text recognition 41
• Theil Index 215
• tokenization 144
• Toyota 45
• trade execution 153
• trader behaviour 161
• trader surveillance 153
• training
  • internal teams 38
  • management team 37–8
  • product managers 38
• transactional congestion automation 112
• transactional data 245
• transparency 20, 69, 73, 77, 153, 177–6, 182, 186, 188, 189, 191–2
• trend signals 15
• trust 191–4, 203
  • building through Sound Governance 175–9
  • in FinTech and AI 172–4
  • lack of, in AI 248
• TRUST (Transparency, Responsibility, Understanding, Stewardship and Truth) 176
• trustworthiness 172, 191
  • of SMEs 53
• ‘Trustworthy AI’ model 57
• trustworthy, ethics, transparency and enablement (TETE) framework 191–3
• TruValue Labs 129
• Turing Institute 154
• two dimensional virtual vertical integration (2DVVI) 113–17
• Tyndaris 189

U

• Uber 209
• Udemy 24
• ultimate beneficial owners (UBOs) 104
• UN, AI goals 22, 28
• United Kingdom (UK)
  • AI strategy 20
  • regulatory fines 225
• Universal Basic Income 186
• unsupervised learning 102, 103–4, 106, 125
• upload call list 37
• upselling 109
• US AI strategy 20
• user profile 106

V

• value chain 46–7
  • financing and contract 47
  • how much data is enough? 48
  • origination and onboarding 46–7
  • servicing and payment collections 47
  • underwriting 47
• ‘value exchange’ 175
• Value Stores 43–4
• video analysis 90
• video game hoarding 56, 57
• virtual agents 157
• virtual nursing assistants 79
• virtual personal assistant (VPA) 111–12
• visual analytics 238
• voice assistants 49, 111
• voice-based bots see chatbot
• ‘Voice Navigation’ 41–2
• voice recognition and authentication 90
• voice to text 238
• voiceprint recognition technology 42

W

• wealth creation by algorithm 144–5
• wealth management
  • digital 125–8
  • push/pull offers 122–4
• Web 2.0 246
• Web 3.0 246
• WeBank 122
• WeChat 21, 41
• Weibo 41
• WhatsApp 49
• white box algorithms 215
• Wilmington Delaware Police Department ‘jump out squads’ technique 209–10
• Wisdom Vantage 186–7
• workforce disruption 263
• ‘workforce engagement’ 68
• World Bank 254
• World Economic Forum report on AI in finance 154
• World Economy Foundation (WEF): New Physics of Financial Services report 68

X

• XAI Asset Management 154
• Xiang, Feng 242

Z

• Zappos 262
• ZhongAn 75
• Zurich ‘Zara’ 97