Index
Advocates. See Healthcare advocate.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 67, 69, 199
AHRQ. See Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Ambulatory surgery centers
Medicare and, 157
American Arbitration Association, 180
Antibiotic resistance, 25
Antibiotic resistant bacteria, 25–26
amoxicillin, 25
definition of, 26
methicillin, 25
overuse of, 26
oxacillin, 25
penicillin, 25
rules for, 36
ventilator-associated pneumonia, 108
Anticoagulant medications, 11
Antiseptic soap, 122
Betasept, 122
Calgon Vesta, 122
Chlorostat, 122
Hibiclens, 122
Antiseptics, 26
Assisted living facilities, 163
hepatitis B infection, 163
infection control, 165
monitoring of, 166
regulation of, 163
Athletes, staph infections and, 27
Bacilli, 2
Bacteremia, 92
antibiotic resistant, 25
qualities of, 1
resident, 4
Bacteria-killing drugs, 3
Bacterial cultures, 34
Bacteriuria, 92
prepackaged towels, 34
Beta-lactams, 27
Betasept, 122
Blood thinners, 11
Bloodstream catheters, 136
Bloodstream infections, 135
Borrelia burgdorferi, 2
Bowel surgery, 123
oximeter, 104
ventilator, 105
Breathing machine-related pneumonia, 106–109
C. Diff. See Clostridium difficile.
Calgon Vesta, 122
Catheter infections
prevention guidelines, 145–146
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 22, 32, 33, 55, 56, 94, 118, 126, 157, 143, 144, 163
National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, 33
Central venous catheter, 139–142
prevention guidelines, 118, 139
intravenous line vs., 140
problems with, 141
reasons for, 140
septicemia, 142
Chemotherapy patients, 14
infection control, 153
The Ten Infection Control Commandments of Child Day Care, 153
Children, staph infections and, 27
Chlorhexidine skin antiseptics, 145
Chlorostat, 122
Citrobacter diversus bacteria, 150
Clostridium difficile (C. diff), 27
elderly patients and, 28
hospitals, 30
in intestinal tract, 28
super bug minimization, gloves and, 56
vancomycin, 29
Cocci, 2
Colonizing of bacteria, 4–5, 103
Community-acquired pneumonia, 101
Compensatory damages, 175
Condom catheters, 91
Consumers Union, 146
COPIC, 177
Costs of healthcare-associated pneumonia, 102
Damages, 175
Daptomycin, 27
Definitive therapy, 36
Elder care, evaluation of, 161–162
Elderly patients, Clostridium difficile (C. diff) and 28
Elevation of head, 110
Empiric therapy, 36
Empowered patient, case study, 82, 83–84
Endogenous bacteria, 127
Endotracheal tube, 150
Enterobacter bacteria, 8
Enterococcus faecalis, 28
Enterococcus faecium, 28
Environmental hygiene, 57
Escherichia coli, 2
Exogenous bacteria, 127
Extra-legal award, 176
Fast track care, 75
Feces, Clostridium difficile (C. diff) spores and, 28
Fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (FQRP), 33
Foley catheter, 90
FQRP. See Fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Fungal infections, 12
Fungi, 2
Genetic mutations, super bugs and, 29–30
Germ areas on doctor's hands, 9
C. difficile super bug minimization, 56
Centers for Disease Control, 55, 56
misconceptions re, 55
vancomycin-resistant enterococci minimization, 56
World Health Organization, 51
Gonorrhea, 6
Hand hygiene, 9, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 56, 88, 112, 115, 129, 142, 145, 154, 169
interventional patient hygiene, 56
patient efforts, 56
healthcare workers, 47
missed spots, 45
studies re, 48
technique 44
pre-patient visit, 551, 52
World Health Organization guidelines, 49
HAP. See Healthcare-associated pneumonia.
HCW. See Healthcare workers.
Head elevation, 112
appointment of, 71
Healthcare proxy, 70
Healthcare workers (HCW)
hand sanitizers, 50
infection risk, 49
Healthcare-associated infections, 11
chemotherapy patients, 14
deaths from, 13
elderly patients, 14
hospitals, 12
incubation period, 12
medical costs, 13
organ transplant patients, 14
preoperative infection risk factors, 17
prevention tips, 23
respiratory tract, 15
sepsis, 9
surgical site, 15
surveillance by facility, 16, 17
urinary tract, 15
viral, 12
young patients, 14
zero risk factor index, 16
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP), 102–104
bacteria colonizing, 103
casualty rate, 104
contracting of, 107
cost of, 104
patient profile, 103
Hepatitis B infection, 163
Herpes simplex virus, 6
Hibiclens, 122
High and low principle, 174
HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus.
Hospital care checklist, 115
Hospital discharge, post surgery instructions, 167
Hospital nurseries, touring of, 151
Hospital patients, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and, 27
Hospitals, 13
bacterial cultures, 34
House advocate, 71
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 2, 3
Hygiene compliance, 40
Hygiene, nursing homes, 166–170
Hyperglycemia, 125
IHI. See Institute for Healthcare Improvement.
Infant deaths
meningitis, 150
sepsis, 150
Infant nurseries, 151
Infection causing microbes, 14
Infection preventionist, 75, 169
Infection control, 168
ambulatory surgery centers, 156–158
assisted living facilities and, 165
Infection fighters, 4
leukocytes, 4
Infection prevention checklist, 59, 133
Infection prevention guidelines, 118, 133
Centers for Disease Control, 143, 144
Medicaid, 143
Medicare, 143
Infection risks, nursing homes, 168–169
healthcare-associated, 12
risk from healthcare workers, 49
symptoms, 5
signing of form, 79
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), 182
The 100,000 Lives Campaign, 182
Intensive care units, 31
Intermittent catheters, 91
Interventional patient hygiene, 34, 56, 87–88
Intestinal tract, Clostridium difficile (C. diff) and, 28
Intravenous catheter, 135
Intravenous line (IVs), 136
central venous catheter vs., 140
infection prevention guidelines, 138–139
reason for, 136
time in use, 137
IVs. See Intravenous lines.
Joint Commission on Accreditation, 16
Joint Commission, 181
Klebseilla bacteria, 58
Lactobacilli, 1
forgiveness, 185
Legal fees, 174
Linezolid, 27
Living will, 70
Lyme disease, 7
Malaria, 2
Malpractice
claims, 171
COPIC, 177
cost to society, 173
damages, 175
disclosure principle, 176
extra-legal award, 176
Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 182
Joint Commission, 181
legal fees, 174
mediation, 178
medical apology, 178
National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB), 183
settlement of, 173
3 Rs Program, 177
Mandatory mediation, 179
MDRPs. See Multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Mediation, 178
mandatory, 179
Medical apology laws, 178
Medical errors, 64
Medicare, 93, 94, 143, 157, 162, 183
Meningitis, 150
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 11, 27, 33, 97, 113, 123, 142, 185
hand hygiene, 50
prescreening, 18
treatment, 28
Metronidazole, 29
Microbes, 2
Microorganisms, 1
infection causing, 2
Monocytes, 4
MRSA. See Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRPs), 29
National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, 33
Natural killer cells, 4
Neutrophils, 4
NPDB. See Malpractice National Practitioner Data Bank.
definition of, 166
facilities, 163
hygiene education, 169
infection control, 169
infection risks, 168
Joint Commission on accreditation, 167
researching of, 167
100,000 Lives Campaign, 182
Operating room preparation, 123–126
antibiotics, 124
blood sugar levels, 125
Organ transplant patients, 14
Oximeter, 104
Oxygen saturation monitor, 104
healthcare proxy, 70
living will, 70
commitment,64
communication, 65
continuity, 64
Patient hand hygiene 56
Patient history, 72
Patient surroundings, handwashing and, 51, 52, 56
Patient welfare, 61
costs,68
research, 66
Patients' Bill of Rights, 73
Plasmodium falciparum, 2
Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine, 102
Pneumonia, 101
community-acquired, 101
healthcare-associated, 102–104
Post surgery infection risks, 127–128
Post-op preparation, 119
antiseptic soap, 122
Preoperative infection risk factors, 17
Prepackaged towels, 34
Prescreening of infections, 18
Pseudomonas, 32
Punitive damages, 175
Resident bacteria, 4
Respiratory failure, 104
Respiratory tract infections, 15
Rhinoviruses, 3
Rifampin, 27
Ruptured appendix, 123
Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, 178–179
Schools
infections in, 154
SCIP. See Surgical Care Improvement Project.
Septicemia, 142
Silver alloy catheters, 93
SSIs. See Surgical site infections.
Staph bacteria, 58
athletes, 27
children, 27
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureous, 27
number of,32
treatment of, 27
Staphylococcus aureus, 11, 12, 17, 27, 158, 185
Super bugs
antibiotic resistant bacteria, 25–26, 29
curability of, 29
definition of, 29
fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 33
genetic mutation of, 29
hygiene compliance, 40
incubation of, 37
intensive care units, 33
multidrug-resistant pathogens, 29
interventional patient hygiene, 34
surgical prophylaxis, 35
risk of infection, 33
symptoms, 37
treatment of, 36
Suprapubic catheters, 91
Surgeries, high risk, 123
bowel surgery, 123
ruptured appendix, 123
Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP), 126
Surgical prophylaxis, 35
Surgical site infections (SSIs), 15, 88, 118, 128, 130
Centers for Disease Control, 118
pre-op preparation, 120, 122–123
diabetics, 125
hyperglycemia, 125
hand hygiene, 119
high risk surgeries, 123
hospital discharge instructions, 130–132
risk factors, 122
Target patient groups for healthcare-associated infections, 14
Ten Infection Control Commandments of Child Day Care, 153
3 Rs Program, 177
Ticks, 7
Tigecycline, 27
Tracheotomy tube, 105
U.S. Healthcare Quality Improvement Act, 183
complications, 92
condom, 91
discomfort level, 91
types, 91
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 15, 92–93
causes, 89
silver alloy catheters, 93
Urination
problems, 89
UTIs. See Urinary tract infections.
Vaccines, 102
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), 27, 28
infections, 32,33
methicillin, 28
minimization, gloves and, 56
Ventilator-assisted pneumonia, 106–109
antibiotic usage, 108
handwashing, 112
head elevation, 112
prevention of, 107
zero tolerance programs, 109–112
Viral illnesses, 35
Voluntary mediation, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 178–179
VRE. See Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
White blood cells, 4
Work place
bacteria count, 156
World Health Organization, 49, 51, 55, 94
handwashing guidelines, 55
Wound care, 129
Zero risk factor index, 16