PAGE NUMBERS IN ITALIC TYPE REFER
TO ILLUSTRATIONS AND CAPTIONS
PAGE NUMBERS IN BOLD REFER TO CHARTS
A
Abyss 25
Achilles 243
Adrianople, Battle of 137
Aeneid 227
Ages of Darkness 14
Ages of Lamps 15
Ages of Trees 14
Ainulindalë 20
Ainur (Holy Ones) 20
Alani 139
Alberich 172
Almaren 15
Alqualondë 14
Anansi 228
Ancalagon the Black 78–9, 82, 83, 169
Anduin River 128
Angband 14, 23, 26, 26, 27, 31, 42, 43, 48, 48, 53, 53, 61, 67, 72, 72, 158
Anglo-Saxon mythology 29, 48, 57, 112, 114, 118, 148, 149, 160, 169, 174–5, 176, 189–93
Angmar 31, 128, 140, 149–50, 150, 151
Witch-king of 15, 102, 128, 147–50, 148, 152, 189, 229–35
Annatar, Lord of Gifts 95–7
Ar-Pharazôn the Golden 109–10, 110–11
Arcadia 65
Arda 12, 14, 15, 20, 20, 21, 23, 30, 32, 110
Aristotle 11
Armanius (Hermann) 75
Arnor 15, 89, 118, 136, 138, 143, 147, 150, 152
Arthedain 152
Arthurian legend 112, 114, 118, 149, 243
Ash Mountains 97
Ashtaroth 109
Asmodeus 109
Atalantë 103
Athens 103
Atlantis: The Antediluvian World (Donnelly) 106
Aulë the Smith 14, 95, 213, 224
Avallónë 14
Ayeesha 223
Azanulbizar, Battle of 167
B
Baggins, Bilbo 128, 163, 165, 175, 206, 210
Baggins, Frodo 128, 185, 208–9, 210, 211, 226, 227, 243–4
Balchoth 31, 137, 138, 140, 146, 156
Balor of the Evil Eye 133
Balrogs 14, 15, 26, 31, 40, 43, 44, 44, 45, 51, 53, 56, 57, 78, 167, 199, 200–1, 202, 203
Barad-dûr 97, 127, 131, 167, 244
Barbarossa, Fredrick 149
Barrow-downs 152, 189, 193, 194–5, 197
Barrow-wights 31, 189–97, 190–1
Belegost 15
Beleriand 12, 14, 26, 31, 40, 44, 46 53, 65, 78, 90
Belfalas, Bay of 141
Belial 26
Beowulf 48, 57, 112, 174–5, 176, 191
Berbers 143
Berne, Dietrich von 149
Bert (Troll) 163
biblical mythology 24, 52, 53, 57, 79–82, 90, 96–7, 108, 109, 126–7, 132, 147, 202, 218–19
Black Gate, Battle of the 115, 156, 184, 210, 238–46, 240–1, 242
Black-Goth 30
Black Hand 131
Black Númenóreans 31, 108, 140, 142
Black Riders 182–3, 184, 185–8, 185, 186–7, 229
Black Speech (language) 59, 97, 98, 165
Blacklocks 102
Blake, William 10
Bliss, Years of 14
Bolg of the North 160
Bombadil, Tom 191
Borges, Jorge Luis 168
Bosworth Fields, Battle of 115
“The Brave Little Tailor” (Grimm) 163
Broadbeams 102
Brokkr 92
Browning, Robert 245
Byron, Lord 232
Byzantium 136
C
Cain 57
Calenardhon 167
Camelot 114
Camlann, Battle of 243
Camp, Battle of 146
Captains of the West 238
Cardolan 152
Catalaunian Fields, Battle of the 138, 139
Catholic Christian mythology 36
Cave Trolls 31
Changing of the World 14, 89, 107, 110
Charon 227
“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came” (Browning) 245
Chinese mythology 189
Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (Holinshed) 219–23, 234
Cirith Ungol 31, 210, 225, 226
Cirth alphabet 14
Cold-drakes 31, 167, 169, 169, 170–1, 172, 173, 176
Corsairs 31, 140, 143, 143, 144–5, 146, 156
Crebain 31
Critias (Plato) 103
Croesus 234
Cyclops 133
D
Dagor Aglareb 46
Dagor Bragollach 47
Dagorlad, Battle of 89, 114–16, 116
Dagornuin Giliath 46
Dante 24
Dark Tower 89, 97, 127, 244, 245, 246, 247
The Dark Tower (King) 245
Delphic Oracle 234
“The Destruction of Sennacherib” (Byron) 232
Dickens, Charles 211
Diocletian, Emperor 147
Dol Amroth 15
Dol Guldur 124, 125, 127, 131, 154, 166, 167, 184, 185, 210, 224
Donnelly, Ignatius 106
Doriath 15
Dragons 15, 30, 31, 47, 53, 57, 61, 82, 84–5, 167, 168, 169
Draugluin, Father of Werewolves 31, 65–72, 66, 67
Draupnir 91–2
Dullahan (“Dark Man”) 150, 230
Dunlendings 31, 140, 146, 156, 218, 219, 219, 224
Durin I 102
Durin’s Line 172
Dwarves 14, 15, 52, 58, 62, 73, 160, 166, 169, 172, 173, 197, 198, 202
E
Eä 14
Eagles 14
Eärendil the Mariner 25, 47, 79
Eärnur 153
Easterlings 14, 31, 73–7, 76, 101, 102, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 162, 167, 230, 238
Eastlands 146
Egyptian mythology 65, 103, 189, 191, 196
Ekkaia 110
Elendil the Tall 118
Elessar, King of Gondor 143, 184
Elves 14, 40, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 59, 62, 73, 75, 88, 91, 113, 127, 153, 165, 166, 167, 178, 210, 213, 224
Great Journey of 15
Men's alliances with 89, 112–13, 117, 118
Sauron corrupts 95
Ulfang betrays 75–6
Elvish (language) 30, 155, 226
Encircling Sea 110
Ents 14, 15, 57, 184, 218, 219, 223, 224
Éomer, Prince 218
Eönwë, Horn of 78
Éowyn of Rohan 235
Ephel Dúath 226
The Epic of Gilgamesh 44
Eriador 91, 92, 95, 149, 167, 189
Eru the One 14, 20, 92, 109, 110
European mythology 229–30
Eurydice 72
F
Fáfnir, Prince of All Dragons 62, 63, 64, 168, 207
Falathrim 14
Fall of Arthur (Tolkien) 112–13
The Fall of Gondolin (Tolkien) 43, 50
Far Harad, Southrons of 31
Faramir 210
Faust 214–18
Faust, Johann Georg 215
Fellowship of the Ring 128, 198, 210, 224
Field of Celebrant, Battle of the 137–8, 146, 156
Fingon, High King of the Noldor 40, 41
Firebeards 102
Fires of Doom 244
First Kinslaying 15
First World War 115–16
Five Armies, Battle of the 146, 156, 160
Flies of Mordor 94
Fluithuin 43
Ford of Bruinen, Attack of 156
Fords of Isen, Battles of 184, 224
Formenos, building of 15
Formorians 133
Fornost, Battle of 150, 152, 153
Frankenstein, Baron von 92
Frazer, James George 238–9
Freya 202–3
Furies 40
G
Galahad 113
Gamgee, Samwise 208–9, 210, 211, 226, 227
Gandalf the Grey 128, 163, 165, 198–203, 202, 223, 224, 229
Garm 67
Gauthaur the Cruel (Sauron) 90, 91
Gepidae 139
German mythology 29, 30, 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 91, 107, 136–7, 147–8, 149, 160–1, 163, 169, 173–4, 196, 214–15
Giant Spiders 32
Gjall (horn) 203
Gladden Fields, Battle of 128, 210
Glamdring (sword) 165
Glaurung the Golden, the Deceiver, Father of Dragons 60, 61–4, 61, 169
Glorfindel of Gondolin 44, 45, 153
Glorious Battle 46
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 215
The Golden Bough (Frazer) 238–9
Gollum 128, 208–9, 210, 211, 211, 212, 226, 227, 243–4
Gondor 118, 136, 137, 138, 141–3, 146, 147, 161, 167, 218, 229, 230–2
foundation of 89
Horn of 203
Gorcrows 31
Gorgol the Butcher 50
Gorthaur the Cruel 65
Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs 31, 40, 40, 41, 43
Götterdämmerung 29
Gram (sword) 64
Great Armament 108
Great Battle 25, 30, 47, 78–9, 90
Great Eye 131–3, 133, 134–5, 136
Great Flood 108
Great Goblin 158
“Great Music” of Creation 20
Great Spiders 14, 15, 31, 210, 225–8
Great Western Sea 106
Greco-Roman mythology 40
Greek mythology 30, 72, 91, 95, 103, 108, 125, 132, 133, 176, 206–7, 213, 234
Green Great Dragon 176–7
Greenwood the Great 125
Grendel 57
Grey Mountains 167, 169, 169, 170–1, 172, 173, 176
Grimm, Brothers 163
Grond (mace) 29
Gurthang (sword) 64
Gyges 206–7
H
Hades 72
Haggard, H. Rider 223
Hammer of the Underworld 29
Hammer of Thor 199
Harad/Haradrim 15, 101, 140, 141–3, 142, 143, 146, 156, 230–2, 231, 232, 233, 238
Hector 243
Hel 29
Helheim 67
Henneth Annun 210
Hephaestos the Smith 95
Hercules 103
Herlathing 148
Hermes 213
Herodotus 234
The Heroes of Tolkien 11
Heruli 139
High Elvish (language) 127
Hill Trolls 31
Hillmen 31, 140, 149–50, 150, 151, 152
Hindu folklore 228 (see also Ungoliant the Great Spider)
Histories 234
Hithlum 46
The Hobbit (Tolkien) 12, 157, 158, 160, 163, 165, 174, 175, 178, 206, 226
Hobbits 15, 64, 175, 178, 185, 188, 189, 191, 197, 210, 211, 223, 226, 235, 243
Hollin 198
Hor 95–6
Hornburg, Battle of 184, 219, 222, 223, 224
Horsemen of the Apocalypse 147
Hreidmar 207
Huan 72
Huggins, William 163
Humbaba 44
I
Icelandic mythology 90, 163, 211
Indian mythology 33
Inferno (Dante) 113
Iron Mountains 23
Ironfists 102
Irving, Washington 230
Isengard 158, 162, 184, 212, 212, 213, 218, 219, 219, 220–1, 224
Isle of Werewolves 65
Istari 15, 213, 214, 218, 223, 224
J
Joaliun of Cambray 127
Joan of Arc 127
Jörmungandr 79
Jotunheim (Jötunheimr) 29, 56, 163
Judeo-Christian tradition see biblical mythology
Justinian the Great 143
K
The Kalevala 64
Kalimbo 43
Keats, John 185
Keepers of Three Elf Rings 128
Khamûl the Black 102
King, Stephen 244–5
koranic mythology 132
Kullervo 64
Kurkar the Ring Lord 95–6
L
“La Belle Dame sans Merci” (Keats) 185–8
Laiquendi 14
Lamps of the Valar, destruction of 15
Lang, Andrew 62
Langobards 172
The Lay of the Children of Húrin (Tolkien) 44
The Lays of Beleriand (Tolkien) 50
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” (Irving) 230
Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft (Scott) 126–7
Lonely Mountain 206
Long Peace 47
The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien) 12, 115–16, 160, 178, 185, 193, 202, 206, 238, 239, 246
Lug 50
Luke, Gospel of 24
Lungorthin 43
lycanthropy 65
Lydia 234
M
Macbeth 126, 153, 219, 223, 234, 235
MacDonald, George 158
Magnússon, Eiríkur 63
Maiar 14, 15, 40, 43, 44, 50, 53, 65, 95, 213, 224
Mairon, the Smith of Valar 95
Malory, Thomas 114–15
Manwë, King of the Valar 14, 30, 82
Master of Non-Being 33
Melian the Maia 15
Melkor the Vala 10, 14, 15, 20–4, 20, 21, 23, 32, 33, 48, 51, 53 (see also Morgoth)
transformation of 26
Men 15, 31, 51, 52, 62, 96, 138, 161, 166, 167, 169, 178, 213, 218, 224
Elves’ alliances with 89, 112–13, 117, 118
Nine Rings of 98, 101, 102, 102, 117
Meneltarma, Mount 109
Mengius 130
Mephistopheles 218
Meriadoc 235
Merlin 213
Mexican mythology 189
Michael, Archangel 52, 79, 202
Middle Age mythology 67
Middle-earth 12, 23, 24, 26, 31, 92, 106, 110, 128
chronology of 14–15
First Age of 30, 44, 48, 50, 73, 75, 78, 112, 116, 158–60, 163, 169, 202, 225, 227, 246
Númenórean colonization of 88
Second Age of 65, 91–4, 93, 95, 98, 112, 225, 227
Third Age of 98, 127, 131, 136, 142, 147, 161, 162, 165, 166, 169, 176, 184, 189, 213, 225, 227
Yavanna visits 14
Midgard 76, 78, 90, 91, 92, 110
Migration Period (AD 300–700) 73
Milton, John 10, 20, 24, 26, 218
Mímisbrunnr 133
Minas Morgul 128, 153–5, 153, 156, 229
Minas Tirith 229
Mirkwood 31, 125, 128, 166, 184, 225, 226
Misinterpreted Oracle 234
Misty Mountains 91, 128, 149, 157, 158, 167, 202, 210
Moloch 26
Moon, Valar fashions 15
morality 92
Mordor 88, 89, 95, 96, 113, 114–18
passim, 127, 131, 146, 153–4, 156, 158, 165–6, 167, 184, 185, 210, 225, 226, 244, 245, 246, 247
Morgoth the Vala 20, 24–30, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 36, 36, 37, 43, 48, 50, 51, 53, 61, 65, 67, 73, 75, 78, 82, 91, 92, 109, 114, 157, 163, 202, 227 (see also Melkor)
Moria 15, 114, 160, 198–203, 199, 203, 210
Morning Star 25
Morris, William 63
Le Morte d’Arthur (Malory) 114–15
Moru 32
Mountain Trolls 31
Mountains of Shadow 226
Muspelheim (Múspellsheimr) 43, 56, 76–8 passim, 90, 202
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Dickens) 211
N
Nargothrond 47
Narsil (sword) 197
Native North American mythology 188, 228
Nazgûl 14, 31, 98–102, 98, 99, 100, 101, 113, 147, 149, 154, 154, 156, 185–8, 189, 229, 230, 235, 238
Necromancer of Dol Guldur 124, 125–7, 125, 127, 147, 154
Nedao, Battle of 138
Nibelungs 62
Niflheim 79
Nine Black Riders 98, 153, 154
Nírnaeth Arnoediad 47
Nithhog 79
Noah 108
Nogrod, foundation of 15
Norse mythology 29, 30, 43, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 64, 67, 72, 76–7, 78, 79, 90, 91, 101–2, 110, 112, 132–3, 148, 149, 160, 163, 189, 191, 199, 202–3, 207, 213
Nudd, Gwyn ap 149
Númenor 11, 12, 14, 14, 88, 89, 101–10 passim, 102, 103, 104–5, 110–11, 140, 141, 149–50
O
Odin 30, 91–2, 101, 132–3, 136, 148, 149, 213
Ogres 43
Old English (language) 43, 48, 175, 176, 213, 225
Oliphaunts 31
Olog-hai 15, 31, 163–6, 164–5, 238
Olympian mythology 30
One Ring 14, 15, 91–2, 96, 102, 129–30, 128, 129, 130, 184, 185, 206, 207, 210, 211–12, 214, 215, 243–4
cut from Sauron's hand 89, 117, 118, 127
“On Fairy-Stories” (Tolkien) 168, 178
Orcobal 50
Orcrist (sword) 165
Orcs 14, 15, 26, 31, 46, 48–53, 53, 54–5, 59, 92, 96, 97, 98, 154, 157–62, 158, 167, 198, 199, 210, 218, 219, 223, 224, 230, 238
Ornaceas 48
Oromë the Hunter 14, 15, 28, 29
Orpheus 72
Ortnit, King of the Langobards 172–3
Ossiriand 14
Ostrogoths 137
Otherworld 149
Othrod 50
P
Paradise Lost (Milton) 10, 20, 22, 26, 218
Pelennor Fields, Battle of 156, 184, 229–35, 235, 236–7
Persian Empire 234
Phial of Galadriel 227
Philo 110
Phoenicia 141–2
The Princess and the Goblin (MacDonald) 158
Prose Edda 79
Punic Wars 142
Pythagorean numerology 101
Python of Delphi 176
Pythonickes 129–30
Q
Quenya (language) 73, 103, 127
Quest of the Ring 212
Quest of the Silmaril (Tolkien) 47, 67, 72
Quetzalcoatlus 155
R
Ragnarök 29, 78, 79, 90, 112, 202
Rauros Falls 210
The Red Fairy Book (Lang) 62–3
Rhovanion 146
Rhudaur 152
Riddle Game 210
Rings of Air, Fire, War, Water 102, 128
Rings of Power 92, 95, 102, 117, 128, 129
Ringwraiths 31, 88, 89, 98–102, 98, 99, 116, 117, 128, 147, 153, 155, 185–8, 206, 229
Rivendell 14, 88, 128, 185, 186–7, 224
Rohan 138, 172, 184, 218, 219, 224, 231, 232
Roman Empire 75, 136–7, 138, 141, 142, 143, 147, 149, 150, 161, 172
Romana (Jordanes) 138
Rugi 139
“Rumpelstiltskin” (Grimm) 175
S
Sackville-Baggins, Lobelia 185
St Augustine 36
Saruman of Many Colours 11, 162, 184, 212–23, 212, 213, 224
Sauron the Dark Lord 10, 11, 31, 65, 88, 90–4, 90, 93, 95–6, 96–7, 98–102, 98, 99, 102, 109, 112, 113, 124, 127, 128, 140, 146, 147, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160–2, 165–6, 167, 185, 206, 210, 213, 214, 215–18, 224, 227, 229, 238–46
One Ring cut from hand of 89, 117, 118, 127
return of 89
Rings of Power forged by 117
technocratic teachings of 108
vanquishing of 117, 118, 118, 119, 120, 128, 184
Scandinavian folklore 56, 57, 163, 165, 199
Scott, Sir Walter 126
Second World War 192
Shakespeare, William 126, 153, 219, 223, 234, 235
She (Haggard) 223
Shelley, Mary 92
Shelob the Great Spider 31, 210, 225–8, 226–7
Ships, Battle of 184
Shire 167, 184, 185–8, 223, 224
Sibyl 227
Sigelhearwan 43
Sigmund 67
Signy 67
The Silmarillion (Tolkien) 43, 64, 157, 160, 169, 178
Sindarin (language) 32, 65, 114
Sindri 92
skadegamutc 188
Smaug the Golden Dragon 167, 173–8, 174, 175, 178, 179, 224, 246
Sméagol–Gollum 203, 204–5, 206–12, 207, 210, 244
Snaga 31
Snow Trolls 31
Socrates 65
Solon 103
Sote the Outlaw 211
Southrons 31, 101, 102, 140, 141–3, 142, 143, 146, 156, 162, 230, 231, 232
Mother of All see Ungoliant the Great Spider
Stevenson, Robert Louis 211
Stiffbeards 102
Sting (sword) 165
Stonebridge 167
Stonefoots 102
“The Story of Sigurd” (Lang) 63
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Stephenson) 211
Strider the Ranger 188
Suavi 139
Sudden Flame, Battle of 47, 53, 53, 54–5
Sumerian mythology 44
Sun, Ages of 15, 46–7, 48, 73, 88–9
Surtr the Swarthy One 76
Sutton Hoo 193–7
Swarthy Men see Easterlings
T
Telchar the Smith 197
Teleri 14
Tengwar alphabet 14
Teutoburg Forest, Battle of 75, 136–7
Théoden, King 232
Theosophism 106
Thingol, King 50
Thor 199
Thorin and Company 163
Thuringwethil 31, 67, 67, 68–9
Timaeus (Plato) 103
Timeless Halls 14
Tirion 15
Tol Eressëa 14
Tol Sirion 47
Tolkien, Christopher (son) 107, 131
Tolkien, J. R. R.:
on Atlantis 103–8
first original fictional composition of 168
on King Arthur 112–13
letters written by 36, 50–1, 157–8
Old English Exodus notes of 43
Tom (Troll) 163
Tree-herds 57
Treebeard 218
Trees, Battle under the 184
trickster folklore 59
Trojan War 243
Trolls 15, 26, 31, 53, 53, 54–5, 56–9, 58, 92, 162, 163–6, 230, 238, 240–1, 242
Tumhalad, Battle of 47
Turambar, Túrin 64
Turville-Petre, Joan 43
Twilight of the Gods 29
U
Uldor 75
Ulfast 75
Ulwath 75
Umbar 31, 140, 141–3, 143, 144–5, 146
Undying Lands 12, 14–15, 33, 53, 106, 108, 128, 246
Ungoliant the Great Spider 15, 31, 32, 36, 36, 37, 225, 227
Unnumbered Tears, Battle of 47, 75
Uppsala 101
Uruk-hai 15, 31, 157–62, 158, 159, 162, 167, 218, 224
Uruks 146, 156, 161, 219, 224, 230, 238
V
Valar 14, 15, 20, 23–5, 30, 32, 43, 53, 57, 72, 78, 108, 213
Valaraukar 40
Valdemar, King of the Danes 149
Valhalla 90
Vandals 143
Vanyar 15
Varda 14
Venus 25
Virgil 227
Visigoths 138
Void, see Eternal Void
Völundarkvitha 211
Vulcan 95
W
Wabanaki 188
War of Dwarves and Orcs 15, 167
War of Powers 15
War of Sauron and the Elves 14, 88, 117
War of the Alliance of Elves and Men 89, 112–13, 117, 118
War of the Dwarves and the Orcs 160
War of the Jewels 15, 40, 46–7
War of the Last Alliance 89, 112, 113, 115
War of the Ring 12, 15, 127, 128, 131, 146, 156, 167, 184, 219, 223, 224, 226, 243, 243–4
War of Wrath 15, 44, 53, 78, 82, 83, 84–5, 90, 112, 116, 169, 202
Wars of Beleriand 46–7
Watcher-in-the-Water 31, 198, 198–9
Watchful Peace 224
Watchman of the Gods 78
Wayland’s Smithy 197
Weathertop, Tower of 152, 188, 189
Welsh mythology 149
Werewolves 14, 26, 31, 53, 65–72, 70–1, 72
White Mountains 149
William Caxton 115
Winged Beasts 14, 31, 100, 101, 154, 232
Winged Fire-drakes 31, 79, 79, 80–1, 169, 246, 248–9
Witch-king 15, 102, 128, 146, 147–50, 148, 152, 153–5, 156, 188, 189, 229–35
Wizards 128, 163, 165, 198, 203, 218, 224
Wood Elves 210
World Tree 101
Wormtongue 224
Wotan 149
Wraiths 31
Y
Yates, W. B. 150
Z