High Blood Pressure

1. Nawrot TS, Thijs L, Den Hond EM, et al. An epidemiological re-appraisal of the association between blood pressure and blood lead: a meta-analysis. Journal of Human Hypertension 2002; 16: 123–131.

2. Pizent A, Jurasovie J, Telisman S. Blood pressure in relation to dietary calcium intake, alcohol consumption, blood lead, and blood cadmium in female nonsmokers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2001; 15: 123–130.

3. Telisman S, Jurasovic J, Pizent A, Cvitkovic P. Blood pressure in relation to biomarkers of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and selenium in men without occupational exposure to metals. Environmental Research 2001; 87: 57–68.

4. Martin D, Glass TA, Bandeen-Roche K, et al. Association of blood lead and tibia lead with blood pressure and hypertension in a community sample of older adults. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 163(5): 467–478.

5. Chrysant SG. Treatment of white coat hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports 2000; 2: 412–417.

6. Munakata M, Saito Y, Nunokawa T, et al. Clinical significance of blood pressure response triggered by a doctor’s visit in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension Research 2002; 25: 343–349.

7. Strandberg TE, Salomaa V. White coat effect, blood pressure and mortality in men: prospective cohort study. European Heart Journal 2000; 21: 1714–1718.

8. Addison C, Varney S, Coats A. The use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in managing hypertension according to different treatment guidelines. Journal of Human Hypertension 2001; 15: 535–538.

9. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Gullette EC, et al. Biobehavioral approaches to the treatment of essential hypertension. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2002; 70: 569–589.

10. Grossman E, Grossman A, Schein MH, et al. Breathing-control lowers blood pressure. Journal of Human Hypertension 2001; 15: 263–269.

11. Driscoll D, Dicicco G. The effects of metronome breathing on the variability of autonomic activity measurements. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2000; 23: 610–614.

12. Schein MH, Gavish B, Herz M, et al. Treating hypertension with a device that slows and regularises breathing: a randomised, double-blind controlled study. Journal of Human Hypertension 2001; 15: 271–278.

13. Anderson DE, Bagrov AY, Austin JL. Inhibited breathing decreases renal sodium excretion. Psychosomatic Medicine 1995; 57: 373–380.

14. Bernardi L, Porta C, Spicuzza L, et al. Slow breathing increases arterial baroreflex sensitivity in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2002; 105: 143–145.

15. Schein MH, Gavish B, Baevsky T, et al. Treating hypertension in type II diabetic patients with device-guided breathing: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Human Hypertension 2009 May; 23(5): 325–331.

16. Arakawa K. Exercise, a measure to lower blood pressure and reduce other risks. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 1999; 21: 797–803.

17. Lesniak KT, Dubbert PM. Exercise and hypertension. Current Opinion in Cardiology 2001; 16: 356–359.

18. Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Nagatomi R, et al. Effects of exercise training on home blood pressure values in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hypertension 2001; 19: 1045–1052.

19. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Gullette EC, et al. Exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension: effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and hemodynamic functioning. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160: 1947–1958.

20. Moreira WD, Fuchs FD, Ribeiro JP, Appel LJ. The effects of two aerobic training intensities on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients: results of a randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1999; 52: 637–642.

21. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Corradi L, et al. Effect of body weight loss and normalization on blood pressure in overweight non-obese patients with stage 1 hypertension. Hypertension Research 2010 Mar; 33(3): 236–242.

22. Navaneethan SD, Yehnert H, Moustarah F, et al. Weight loss interventions in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2009 Oct; 4(10): 1565–1574.

23. Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Mahoney DP, et al. Vegetarian diet and blood pressure. The Lancet 1983; 2: 742–743.

24. John JH, Ziebland S, Yudkin P, et al. Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and blood pressure: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2002; 359: 1969–1974.

25. Yasunari K, Maeda K, Nakamura M, Yoshikawa J. Oxidative stress in leukocytes is a possible link between blood pressure, blood glucose, and C-reacting protein. Hypertension 2002; 39: 777–780.

26. Ortiz MC, Manriquez MC, Romero JC, Juncos LA. Antioxidants block angiotensin II-induced increases in blood pressure and endothelin. Hypertension 2001; 38: 655–659.

27. Tsi D, Tan BKH. Cardiovascular pharmacology of 3-n-butylphthalide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytotherapy Research 1997; 11: 576–582.

28. Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 1994; 12: 463–468.

29. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 336: 1117–1124.

30. Moore TJ, Conlin PR, Ard J, Svetkey LP. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is effective treatment for stage 1 isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2001; 38: 155–158.

31. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 344: 3–10.

32. Jansson B. Dietary, total body, and intracellular potassium-to-sodium ratios and their influence on cancer. Cancer Detection and Prevention 1990; 14: 563–565.

33. Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E. Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. A 12-year prospective population study. The New England Journal of Medicine 1987; 316: 235–240.

34. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Salt, blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Cardiology 2007 Jul; 22(4): 298–305.

35. Whelton PK, He J. Potassium in preventing and treating high blood pressure. Seminars in Nephrology 1999; 19: 494–499.

36. Patki PS, Singh J, Gokhale SV, et al. Efficacy of potassium and magnesium in essential hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. BMJ 1990; 301: 521–523.

37. Fotherby MD, Potter JF. Potassium supplementation reduces clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. Journal of Hypertension 1992; 10: 1403–1408.

38. Thijs L, Amery A, Birkenhager W, et al. Age-related effects of placebo and active treatment in patients beyond the age of 60 years: the need for a proper control group. Journal of Hypertension 1990; 8: 997–1002.

39. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 53: 831–839.

40. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. Journal of Hypertension 1999; 17: 457–463.

41. Jee SH, He J, Whelton PK, et al. The effect of chronic coffee drinking on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Hypertension 1999; 33: 647–652.

42. Hartley TR, Lovallo WR, Whitsett TL, et al. Caffeine and stress: implications for risk, assessment, and management of hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich) 2001 Nov–Dec; 3(6): 354–361.

43. Jee SH, Miller ER III, Guallar E, et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. American Journal of Hypertension 2002; 15: 691–696.

44. Motoyama T, Sano H, Fukuzaki H. Oral magnesium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1989; 13: 227–232.

45. Whelton PK, Klag MJ. Magnesium and blood pressure: review of the epidemiologic and clinical trial experience. American Journal of Cardiology 1989; 63: 26G–30G.

46. Joffres MR, Reed DM, Yano K. Relationship of magnesium intake and other dietary factors to blood pressure. The Honolulu Heart Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1987; 45: 469–475.

47. Lindberg JS, Zobitz MM, Poindexter JR, Pak CY. Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1990; 9: 48–55.

48. Bohmer T, Roseth A, Holm H, et al. Bioavailability of oral magnesium supplementation in female students evaluated from elimination of magnesium in 24-hour urine. Magnesium and Trace Elements 1990; 9: 272–278.

49. Cappuccio FP, Elliott P, Allender PS, et al. Epidemiologic association between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of published data. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 142: 935–945.

50. Meese RB, Gonzales DG, Casparian JM, et al. The inconsistent effects of calcium supplements upon blood pressure in primary hypertension. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1987; 294: 219–224.

51. Sowers JR, Zemel MB, Standley PR, Zemel PC. Calcium and hypertension. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1989; 114: 338–348.

52. Takagi Y, Fukase M, Takata S, et al. Calcium treatment of essential hypertension in elderly patients evaluated by 24 H monitoring. American Journal of Hypertension 1991; 4: 836–839.

53. Hajjar IM, George V, Sasse EA, Kochar MS. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of vitamin C in the management of hypertension and lipids. American Journal of Therapeutics 2002; 9: 289–293.

54. Fotherby MD, Williams JC, Forster LA, et al. Effect of vitamin C on ambulatory blood pressure and plasma lipids in older persons. Journal of Hypertension 2000; 18: 411–415.

55. Galley HF, Thornton J, Howdle PD, et al. Combination oral antioxidant supplementation reduces blood pressure. Clinical Science 1997; 92: 361–365.

56. van Dijk RA, Rauwerda JA, Steyn M, et al. Long-term homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid plus pyridoxine is associated with decreased blood pressure but not with improved brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation or carotid artery stiffness: a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2001; 21: 2072–2079.

57. Aybak M, Sermet A, Ayyildiz MO, Karakilcik AZ. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Arzneimittelforschung 1995; 45: 1271–1273.

58. Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ, Grobbee DE, et al. Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials. Journal of Hypertension 2002; 20: 1493–1499.

59. Cicero AF, Ertek S, Borghi C. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: their potential role in blood pressure prevention and management. Current Vascular Pharmacology 2009 Jul; 7(3): 330–337.

60. Singer P. Alpha-linolenic acid vs. long-chain n-3 fatty acids in hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Nutrition 1992; 8: 133–135.

61. Berry EM, Hirsch J. Does dietary linolenic acid influence blood pressure? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1986; 44: 336–340.

62. Kelly BS, Alexander JW, Dreyer D, et al. Oral arginine improves blood pressure in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2001; 25: 194–202.

63. Kelly JJ, Williamson P, Martin A, Whitworth JA. Effects of oral L-arginine on plasma nitrate and blood pressure in cortisol-treated humans. Journal of Hypertension 2001; 19: 263–268.

64. Ast J, Jablecka A, Bogdanski P, et al. Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of L-arginine supplementation in patients with mild hypertension assessed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Medical Science Monitor 2010 Apr 28; 16(5):CR266–CR271.

65. Campo C, Lahera V, Garcia-Robles R, et al. Aging abolishes the renal response to L-arginine infusion in essential hypertension. Kidney International 1996; 55 suppl:S126–128.

66. Fujita H, Yoshikawa M. LKPNM: a prodrug-type ACE-inhibitory peptide derived from fish protein. Immunopharmacology 1999; 44: 123–127.

67. Fujita H, Yamagami T, Ohshima K. Effects of an ACE-inhibitory agent, katsuobushi oligopeptide, in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and in borderline and mildly hypertensive subjects. Nutrition Research 2001; 21: 1149–1158.

68. Fujita H, Yasumoto R, Hasegawa M, Ohshima K. Antihypertensive activity of “Katsuobushi Oligopeptide” in hypertensive and borderline hypertensive subjects. Japan Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1997; 25: 147–151.

69. Fujita H, Yasumoto R, Hasegawa M, Ohshima K. Antihypertensive activity of “Katsuobushi Oligopeptide” in hypertensive and borderline hypertensive subjects. Japan Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1997; 25: 153–157.

70. Kawasaki T, Seki E, Osajima K, et al. Antihypertensive effect of valyl-tyrosine, a short chain peptide derived from sardine muscle hydrolysate, on mild hypertensive subjects. Journal of Human Hypertension 2000; 14: 519–523.

71. Ho MJ, Bellusci A, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 Oct 7; 4:CD007435.

72. Langsjoen P, Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1994; 15 suppl:S265–S272.

73. Digiesi V, Cantini F, Bisi G, et al. Mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Current Therapeutic Research 1992; 51: 668–672.

74. Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA. Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytotherapy Research 2002; 16: 48–54.

75. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of General Practice 2006 Jun; 56(527): 437–443.

76. Scheffler A, Rauwald HW, Kampa B, et al. Olea europaea leaf extract exerts L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonistic effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2008 Nov 20; 120(2): 233–240.

77. Cherif S, Rahal N, Haouala M, et al. [A clinical trial of a titrated Olea extract in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension.] J Pharm Belg 1996; 51: 69–71.

78. Perrinjaquet-Moccetti T, Busjahn A, Schmidlin C, et al. Food supplementation with an olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract reduces blood pressure in borderline hypertensive monozygotic twins. Phytotherapy Research 2008 Sep; 22(9): 1239–1242.

79. Susalit E, Agus N, Effendi I, et al. Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: comparison with Captopril. Phytomedicine 2011 Feb 15; 18(4): 251–258.

80. McKay DL, Chen CY, Saltz-man E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Journal of Nutrition 2010 Feb; 140(2): 298–303.

81. Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Jalali-Khanabadi BA, Afkhami-Ardekani M, et al. The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes. Journal of Human Hypertension 2009 Jan; 23(1): 48–54.

82. Haji Faraji M, Haji Tarkhani A. The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1999 Jun; 65(3): 231–236.

83. Herrera-Arellano A, Miranda-Sánchez J, Avila-Castro P, et al. Clinical effects produced by a standardized herbal medicinal product of Hibiscus sabdariffa on patients with hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, lisinopril-controlled clinical trial. Planta Medica 2007 Jan; 73(1): 6–12.

84. Herrera-Arellano A, Flores-Romero S, Chávez-Soto MA, Tortoriello J. Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2004 Jul; 11(5): 375–382.

High Cholesterol and/or Triglycerides

1. Wilson PW. High-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology 1990; 66: 7A–10A.

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5. Kannel WB, Vasan RS. Triglycerides as vascular risk factors: new epidemiologic insights. Current Opinion in Cardiology 2009 Jul; 24(4): 345–350.

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10. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Faulkner DA, et al. Long-term effects of a plant-based dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on blood pressure. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008 Jun; 62(6): 781–788.

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12. Reynolds K, Chin A, Lees KA, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipids. American Journal of Cardiology 2006; 98(5): 633–640.

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14. Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications. Biofactors 2003; 18: 101–111.

15. Rundek T, Naini A, Sacco R, et al. Atorvastatin decreases the coenzyme Q10 level in the blood of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Archives of Neurology 2004; 61: 889–892.

16. McNamara DJ. Dietary cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2000 Dec 15; 1529(1–3): 310–320.

17. Glore SR, Van Treeck D, Knehans AW, et al. Soluble fiber and serum lipids: a literature review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1994; 94: 425–436.

18. Vuksan V, Jenkins DJ, Spadafora P, et al. Konjac-mannan (glucomannan) improves glycemia and other associated risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 913–919.

19. Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Owen R, et al. Beneficial effects of viscous dietary fiber from konjac-mannan in subjects with the insulin resistance syndrome: results of a controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 9–14.

20. Ripsin CM, Keenan JM, Jacobs DR, et al. Oat products and lipid lowering, a meta-analysis. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 1992; 267: 3317–3325.

21. Ajani UA, Ford ES, Mokdad AH. Dietary fiber and C-reactive protein: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey data. Journal of Nutrition 2004; 134: 1181–1185.

22. Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, Schwartzbard AZ. Fish oil for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology in Review 2010 Sep–Oct; 18(5): 258–263.

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24. Musa-Veloso K, Binns MA, Kocenas AC, et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid dose-dependently reduce fasting serum triglycerides. Nutrition Reviews 2010 Mar; 68(3): 155–167.

25. Skulas-Ray AC, Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, et al. Dose-response effects of omega-3 fatty acids on triglycerides, inflammation, and endothelial function in healthy persons with moderate hypertriglyceridemia. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011 Feb; 93(2): 243–252.

26. Davidson MH. Mechanisms for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids. American Journal of Cardiology 2006 Aug 21; 98(4A): 27i–33i.

27. Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1986; 8: 1245–1255.

28. DiPalma JR, Thayer WS. Use of niacin as a drug. Annual Review of Nutrition 1991; 11: 169–187.

29. Illingworth DR, Stein EA, Mitchel YB, et al. Comparative effects of lovastatin and niacin in primary hypercholesterolemia. Archives of Internal Medicine 1994; 14: 1586–1595.

30. Carlson LA, Hamsten A, Asplund A. Pronounced lowering of serum levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) in hyperlipidaemic subjects treated with nicotinic acid. Journal of Internal Medicine 1989; 226: 271–276.

31. Pan J, Lin M, Kesala RL, et al. Niacin treatment of the atherogenic lipid profile and Lp(a) in diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2002; 4: 255–261.

32. Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Archives of Internal Medicine 1994; 154: 73–82.

33. Van JT, Pan J, Wasty T, et al. Comparison of extended-release niacin and atorvastatin monotherapies and combination treatment of the atherogenic lipid profile in diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Cardiology 2002; 89: 1306–1308.

34. Rindone JP, Achacoso S. Effect of low-dose niacin on glucose control in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. American Journal of Therapeutics 1996; 3: 637–639.

35. Kane MP, Hamilton RA, Addesse E, et al. Cholesterol and glycemic effects of Niaspan in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21: 1473–1478.

36. Kuvin JT, Dave DM, Sliney KA, et al. Effects of extended-release niacin on lipoprotein particle size, distribution, and inflammatory markers in patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology. 2006; 98(6): 743–745.

37. McKenney JM, Proctor JD, Harris S, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained- vs immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 1994; 271: 672–677.

38. Goldberg AC. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies on the effects of extended-release niacin in women. American Journal of Cardiology 2004; 94: 121–124.

39. Guyton JR. Extended-release niacin for modifying the lipoprotein profile. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5: 1385–1398.

40. Rubenfire M. Impact of Medical Subspecialty on Patient Compliance to Treatment Study Group. Safety and compliance with once-daily niacin extended-release/lovastatin as initial therapy in the Impact of Medical Subspecialty on Patient Compliance to Treatment (IMPACT) study. American Journal of Cardiology 2004; 94: 306–311.

41. Vogt A, Kassner U, Hostalek U, et al. Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of prolonged-release nicotinic acid in a usual care setting: the NAUTILUS study. Current Medical Research & Opinion 2006; 22(2): 417–425.

42. Welsh AL, Ede M. Inositol hexanicotinate for improved nicotinic acid therapy. International Record of Medicine 1961; 174: 9–15.

43. El-Enein AMA, Hafez YS, Salem H, et al. The role of nicotinic acid and inositol hexaniacinate as anticholesterolemic and antilipemic agents. Nutrition Reports International 1983; 28: 899–911.

44. Ostlund RE Jr. Phytosterols and cholesterol metabolism. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2004; 15: 37–41.

45. Miettinen TA, Gylling H. Plant stanol and sterol esters in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Annals of Medicine 2004; 36: 126–134.

46. Kozlowska-Wojciechowska M, Jastrzebska M, Naruszewicz M, et al. Impact of margarine enriched with plant sterols on blood lipids, platelet function, and fibrinogen level in young men. Metabolism 2003; 52: 1373–1378.

47. Yoshida Y, Niki E. Antioxidant effects of phytosterol and its components. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 2003 Aug; 49 (4): 277–280.

48. de Jong A, Plat J, Mensink RP. Metabolic effects of plant sterols and stanols. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2003; 14: 362–369.

49. Arsenio L, Bodria P, Magnati G, et al. Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemias. Clinical Therapeutics 1986; 8: 537–545.

50. Gaddi A, Descovich GC, Noseda P, et al. Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic compound, in patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1984; 50: 73–83.

51. Coronel F, Tomero F, Torrente J, et al. Treatment of hyperlipemia in diabetic patients on dialysis with a physiological substance. American Journal of Nephrology 1991; 11: 32–36.

52. Donati C, Bertieri RS, Barbi G. Pantethine, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis: clinical study of 1045 patients. La Clinica Terapeutica 1989; 128: 411–422.

53. Hiramatsu K, Nozaki H, Arimori S. Influence of pantethine on platelet volume, microviscosity, lipid composition and functions in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. The Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 1981; 6: 49–57.

54. Lawson LD, Wang ZJ, Papdimitrou D. Allicin release under simulated gastrointestinal conditions from garlic powder tablets employed in clinical trials on serum cholesterol. Planta Medica 2001; 67: 13–18.

55. Lawson LD, Wang ZJ. Tablet quality: a major problem in clinical trials with garlic supplements. Forsch Komplmentaermed 2000; 7: 45.

56. Banerjee SK, Maulik SK. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutrition Journal 2002; 1: 4.

57. Alder R, Lookinland S, Berry JA, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of garlic as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 2003; 15: 120–129.

58. Stevinson C, Pittler MH, Erst E. Garlic for treating hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000; 133: 420–429.

Hives (Urticaria)

1. Muller BA. Urticaria and angioedema: a practical approach. American Family Physician 2004; 69: 1123–1128.

2. Dreskin S. Urticaria. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 2004; 24;xi.

3. Ormerod AD, Reid TM, Main RA. Penicillin in milk—its importance in urticaria. Clinical Allergy 1987; 17: 229–234.

4. Wicher K, Reisman RE. Anaphylactic reaction to penicillin in a soft drink. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1980; 66: 155–157.

5. Schwartz HJ, Sher TH. Anaphylaxis to penicillin in a frozen dinner. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 1984; 52: 342–343.

6. Boonk WJ, Van Ketel WG. The role of penicillin in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria. British Journal of Dermatology 1982; 106: 183–190.

7. Lindemayr H, Knobler R, Kraft D, et al. Challenge of penicillin allergic volunteers with penicillin contaminated meat. Allergy 1981; 36: 471–478.

8. Settipane RA, Constantine HP, Settipane GA. Aspirin intolerance and recurrent urticaria in normal adults and children. Allergy 1980; 35: 149–154.

9. Warin RP. The effect of aspirin in chronic urticaria. British Journal of Dermatology 1960; 72: 350–351.

10. Moore-Robinson M, Warin RP. Effects of salicylates in urticaria. British Medical Journal 1967; 4: 262–264.

11. Champion RH, Roberts SO, Carpenter RG, et al. Urticaria and angio-oedema. A review of 554 patients. British Journal of Dermatology 1969; 81: 588–597.

12. James J, Warin RP. Chronic urticaria: the effect of aspirin. British Journal of Dermatology 1970; 82: 204–205.

13. Grattan CE. Aspirin sensitivity and urticaria. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2003; 28: 123–127.

14. Rawls WB, Ancona VC. Chronic urticaria associated with hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. The Review of Gastroenterology 1951; 18: 267–271.

15. Baird PC. Etiology and treatment of urticaria: diagnosis, prevention and treatment of poison-ivy dermatitis. The New England Journal of Medicine 1941; 224: 649–658.

16. Allison JR. The relation of hydrochloric acid and vitamin B complex deficiency in certain skin diseases. Southern Medical Journal 1945; 38: 235–241.

17. Zuberbier T, Chantraine-Hess S, Hartmann K, et al. Pseudoallergen-free diet in the treatment of chronic urticaria. A prospective study. Acta Dermato-Venereologica (Stockholm) 1995; 75: 484–487.

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76. Mancini L, De Marinis A, Oradei E, et al. Coenzyme Q10 concentration in normal and pathological human seminal fluid. Journal of Andrology 1994; 15: 591–559.

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84. Salvati G, Genovesi G, Marcellini L, et al. Effects of Panax ginseng saponins on male fertility. Panminerva Medica 1996 Dec; 38(4): 249–254.

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Insomnia

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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Kidney Stones

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17. Blacklock NJ. Sucrose and idiopathic renal stone. Nutrition and Health 1987; 5: 9–17.

18. Rushton H, Spector M. Effects of magnesium deficiency on intratubular calcium oxalate formation and crystalluria in hyperoxaluric rats. Journal of Urology 1982; 127: 598–604.

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21. Johansson G, Backman U, Danielson B, et al. Magnesium metabolism in renal stone formers. Effects of therapy with magnesium hydroxide. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1980; 53 suppl: 125–134.

22. Prien E, Gershoff S. Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurrent calcium oxalate calculi. Journal of Urology 1974; 112: 509–512.

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26. Murthy M, Farooqui S, Talwar H, et al. Effect of pyridoxine supplementation on recurrent stone formers. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy and Toxicology 1982; 20: 434–437.

27. Liebman M, Chai W. Effect of dietary calcium on urinary oxalate excretion after oxalate loads. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997; 65: 1453–1459.

28. Usui Y, Matsuzaki S, Matsushita K, et al. Urinary citrate in kidney stone disease. The Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 2003; 28: 65–70.

29. Pak CY, Fuller C. Idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis successfully treated with potassium citrate. Annals of Internal Medicine 1986; 104: 33–37.

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32. Nakagawa Y, Margolis H, Yokoyama S, et al. Purification and characterization of a calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth inhibitor from human kidney tissue culture medium. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1981; 256: 3936–3944.

33. Dharmsathaphorn K, Freeman D, Binder H, et al. Increased risk of nephrolithiasis in patients with steatorrhea. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1982; 27: 401–405.

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35. Holmes RP, Goodman HO, Assimos DG, et al. Contribution of dietary oxalate to urinary oxalate excretion. Kidney International 2001; 59: 270.

36. Assimos DG, Holmes RP. Role of diet in the therapy of urolithiasis. Urologic Clinics of North America 2000; 27: 255–268.

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Macular Degeneration

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Menopause

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Menstrual Blood Loss, Excessive (Menorrhagia)

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Migraine Headache

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