Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Houses as an Architectural Practice

Houses as an Architectural Practice

Who Are the Clients for Houses?

Clients as Patrons

When Clients Have a Style or Design Concept at the Time They Retain You

General Conditions as a Significant Cost for an Architect-Designed House

Case Study: The Dot Brandt House

2 How Houses Differ from Commercial and Institutional Projects

Structuring Contracts for Services

The Design Process

The Construction Process

Suggested Structuring of Contracts for Services for Residential Design

Work beyond the Traditional Architectural Scope

How Do You Charge for Services?

Percentage Fees

Per-Square-Foot Fees

Hourly Fees

Hybrid Fee Structure

Negotiating Consultant Fees

Fees during Bidding and Negotiation with the Contractor

Project over Budget and Fees for Value Engineering

Construction Administration Fees

Fees for Services during Financing of the Project

The Value of Your Fees versus Those of Your Competition

Sample Proposal Agreement for Architectural Services

Agreement for Professional Services

Scope of Work

Design

Construction Documents

Bidding and Permitting

Construction Administration

Fees and Terms

Recap of Estimated Fees

Schedule

Statement of Jurisdiction

Conclusion

Case Study: The Bass House

3 Design and Documentation for Houses

The First Step: Identifying the Budget for the Project

Communicating Design Ideas

The Danger of Design by Room Dimensions

Architectural Design Concerns (and Conceits) That Affect the Project Cost

Drawing as a Key Communication Skill and Tool for Architects

Drawing and Sketching as a Way of Seeing

Drawings as a Part of Daily Practice

Insight into the Role Computers Play in Architectural Education

Computers Misused by Architects

Designing the Whole Project Using the Computer

Do Computer Skills Conceal Poor Design Skills?

Building Information Modeling

BIM and Sustainable Design

Computers in Feature Animation

Is There Still a Role for Drawing?

Starting to Work with Your Clients

The First Design Meeting

Programming

Programming Questionnaire

Analyzing the Program

Outline Schedule for the Design Process

Introducing Architectural Vocabulary to Your Clients

Actions for the Next Meeting

Initiating Design Activities

Elements of Houses as Typically Grouped

Making the First Plans

Presenting Design Concepts

The Importance of Presentation Drawings

Models as Presentation Tools

Obtaining Design Approvals from the Clients

Selecting Materials

Selecting Finishes

The Role of Consultants

Determining Completion of the Design Process

Sample List of Items to Be Determined before Construction Documents Begin

Construction Documents

Scheduling and Defining Construction Document Activities

Organizing the Set of Construction Drawings

A0.00 Cover Sheet, General Notes, Schedules, and Information

A1.00 Site Plans and Site Details

A2.00 Plans

A3.00 Elevations

A4.00 Building Sections

A5.00 Interior Elevations

A6.00 Section Details

A7.00 Details

A8.00 Architectural Woodwork and Millwork

Specifications

Case Study: The Bennett House

4 Bidding or Negotiating with Contractors

Bidding and Construction

Soft Bidding the Job before You Start Design

Bidding the Project

The Lowest Qualified Price—the Goal of Bidding or Pricing a Project

Materials for Bidding the Project

Adequate Materials to Properly Price a Project

Typical Materials for Bidding and Pricing a Project

Instructions to Bidders

The Drawings

The Specifications

Preselected Subcontractors and Suppliers

Soils Report

Miscellaneous Items to Support the Pricing Process

Topographic Survey

Map to the Site

Permitting Authority Contact Information

Paying for the Bidding Materials

Identifying and Qualifying Potential Contractors

Checking Contractor References

Custom Home Builders versus General Contractors

Strategies for Bidding or Pricing a Project

Competitive Bidding of Projects

Outline Schedule as a Part of the Competitive Bid

Negotiated Contracts

Hybrid Bidding and Negotiation

Addendums Issued during Bidding or Pricing

Allowances in Bids and Contracts

Items That Make Sense to Be Covered by Allowances

Items That Do Not Make Sense to Be Carried as Allowances

Change Order and Professional Fee Compensation for Allowances during Construction

Bid Forms

Bids over Budget

Value Engineering

Case Study: The Fifield-Roseberry House

5 Cutting the Contract

Parties to the Contract

Articles of the Contract

Contract Documents

Project Schedule

Contract Amount or Contract Sum

Insurance

Provisions of the Contract

The Contract

The Work

Owner

Contractor

Architect

Changes to the Project

Contract Time

Payment Terms

Retainage

Substantial Completion

Final Completion and Final Payment

Governing Law

Termination of the Contract

Evaluating the Contract Provisions

Case Study: The Hackney House

6 Construction Administration and the Building Process

What Professional Services Should You Provide during Construction?

Services Typically Part of Construction Administration

Significant Portion of Services and Fees Provided during Construction Administration

No Agreement for Construction Administration Services with Owner

Professional Compensation during the Construction Process

Interpretation of the Contract Documents

Preconstruction Meeting

Field Observation and Field Visits

Scheduled On-Site Project Meetings

Typical Field Report

Transmittal Cover Letter for Field Report

Trip Report

Importance of Diplomacy in a Field Report

Photographs in Field Reports

Review of Shop Drawings and Submittals

Sample List of Items to Be Submitted to the Architect as Shop Drawings or Submittals

Approval of Payment Applications and Certifications for Payment

Approval of Change Orders

Certification of Substantial Completion

Creation of the Punch List

Final Payment

Unofficial Services You Will Provide during Construction Administration

Conflicts in the Construction Documents

Conflict Resolution between the Contractor and Owner

Identifying Vendors and Resources for the Contractor to Provide Materials Specified in the Construction Documents

Coordinating Owners’ Vendors during Construction

Coordinating Problems with Concealed Field Conditions

Creating the “Official” and “Neutral” Record of Communications

Keeping a Log of Changes

Value of Foundation Surveys during Layout on the Site

Nonconforming Work

Owners Unhappy with the Design as Constructed

Case Study: The Connally Lodge

The Ultimate Texas House

Bidding The Project to a Selected Group of Contractors

Budgets That Impose Discipline

Owner Communication and Direction through E-mail

Contractor’s Willingness to Support Owners as a Problem

Termination of the Contractor and Impact on the Project and Project Team

The Arbitration

Poor Administration of the Contract

Lessons Learned

Index