Page numbers refer to the print edition.
Franz Boas is abbreviated to FB.
AAA. See American Anthropological Association (AAA)
AAAS. See American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Abitur, meaning of, 55
Abitur examination, 25–26, 335n58
academic fencing. See dueling, student (Mensur)
AES. See American Ethnological Society (AES)
Ainu people, 281–82
Aksayook, Etuangat, 348n63
Alert Bay, 165–66, 190, 250, 277, 278
Allen, Harrison, 235
American Anthropological Association (AAA): and anthropology discipline, 325–26; establishment of, 316–21; first president of, 322; as national organization, 300–301
American Anthropologist (new series): affiliations with, 325; co-ownership of, 314; fundraising for, 315–16; and national anthropological society, 317, 321
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): anthropology journal considered by, 314; FB’s role in, 241–42; meeting of, 162–63; Putnam’s work for, 220; restudy of Indians funded by, 245–46
American Ethnological Society (AES), 173–74, 315
American Folklore Society, founding of, 174
American Geographical Society, 73
American Museum of Natural History (AMNH): anthropology department in, 257; donation of AES’s collection to, 315; FB at, xix, 294; impact of JNPE on, 290; JNPE collections in, 277, 297–98; life model exhibits at, 246, 253–54; memoir of, 292; Mutch’s purchase for, 129; Northwest Coast collection of, 297–98; positions at, 254–55, 260–61, 266; Putnam at, 228, 243, 328; student learning aided by, 268–69, 303–4; support of linguistic research by, 314; visiting Eskimos at, 307–8. See also Bumpus, Herman; Jesup, Morris K.; Putnam, Frederic Ward
American Philosophical Society, gift of Boas letters to, xx
American scientists compared to German scientists, 189
AMNH. See American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
Amur River portion of JNPE, 280, 281–83
Andrian-Werburg, Ferdinand Leopold von, 301
Anthropological Society of Washington, 314, 315, 319, 325, 326
anthropology, discipline of: career advancement in, 241; compared to ethnology, 180–81; competition among scientists in, 300–301; development of, 327; East Coast centers of, 237; FB’s approach to, 296, 330; FB’s contributions to, xx, 125, 189–90, 328; FB’s vision of, xix; and fieldwork divisions, 264–65; and individualized theory of culture, 296–97; national society for, 316–22; native terms of classification in, 106, 125; professionalization of, 314, 317–18; WCE’s contribution to, 211–12. See also American Anthropological Association (AAA); American Anthropologist; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); Columbia University (Columbia College); linguistic research; physical anthropology; World’s Columbian Exposition (WCE)
anthropometrics. See physical anthropology
anti-Semitism: employment affected by, 137; FB and, 50–51, 58–59; and JNPE, 280–81; in schools, 22
Arctic voyage: building geographer network before, 67–71, 80; departure on, 90; family concerns about, 71–73, 78; FB’s shift to geography during, 92–94; final preparations for, 89–90; funding and equipment for, 73–77, 82, 89; research companion for, 77–78; and research plans, 73; study of Eskimos in preparation for, 67–68; travel arrangements for, 75, 77, 78, 82–83, 89. See also travel to Arctic and back
art, research on, 276, 278, 279–80
Ashkenazi naming customs, 1
Assembly of Geographers (third), 80
Axelrod, Alexander, 285
BAAS. See British Committee for the Advancement of Science (BAAS)
BAE. See Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE)
Baffin Land, use of term, 331n1
Baffin Land fieldwork: disciplined study during, 111–12; exhaustion and homesickness during, 119; FB’s boat for, 86, 100, 342n50; FB’s documentation of, 133; FB’s success in, 124–25, 131; field site for, 73; illness and death during, 106–9, 117–18; journey to New York after, 118–21; Kekerten as base for, 100; skin clothing for, 102–3, 108, 111; travel to research station during, 101–2; trek to Anarnitung during, 113–14; and worldview, 115, 330. See also Arctic voyage; cartographic work; Inuit people
Banks, Judith Ladd, 272
Banning, Julius Florens, 27
Barnard, Frederick, 135
Bastian, Adolph: about, 69–70; Bella Coola Indians introduced by, 154; FB employed by, 153; FB introduced to, 70–71, 73; and FB lecture, 148; and FB’s habilitation, 152; and Northwest expedition, 268, 365n2; and support of FB’s efforts, 71, 148
Baur, Georg, 193, 204, 207, 208, 234, 236, 358n27
Bella Coola Indians: European performances of, 153, 154–55; folklore of, 265; language of, 154–55, 163–64, 166; life and customs of, 155–56; mythology and folklore of, 265, 278; reunion with, 161, 163, 330; at World’s Columbian Exposition, 219
Benedict, Burton: “Rituals of Representation,” 214
Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, 69–70, 148
Berliner Tageblatt: “Captain Jacobsen’s Bella Coola Indians” in, 155; description of Kekerten for, 100; “In the Ice of the North—Kikkerton” in, 99; notice of safe arrival sent to, 121; reports on Arctic funded by, 74–76, 82, 97
Berlin movement, 50
Berman, Judith, 221
Bessels, Emil, 133, 134, 142–43
Bezold, Wilhelm von, 152–53, 156
Bickmore, Albert S., 171
Bildung: essence of, 61; FB and, 60–61; relativity of, 115; and shared humanity, 59; translation of, 346n41
Block, Alexia, 297
Boas, Anna Margaret “Aenne” (sister), 1, 62
Boas, Antonie “Toni” (sister): and advice to FB, 24–25; birth of, 332n2; FB’s relationship with, xvii, 1, 36, 50; Fischer’s help sought by, 136; health crises of, 19–20, 46–47; in kindergarten with FB, 9–10; and Marie’s romance with FB, 83–84; New York vacation for, 161, 171–72; and piano study, 31; at sanatorium, 20
Boas, Bendix Feibes (great-grandfather), 2, 3
Boas, Ernst (brother), 1, 332n3
Boas, Ernst (son), 3, 172, 187, 207, 236
Boas, Feibes Uri (grandfather), 1, 3–4
Boas, Franz, biographical information and family life: birth date of, xvii; and birth of children, 207; and Christian holidays, 11, 12; and emigration from Germany, 171; and “Eskimo Story,” 108, 110, 344n11; and family background, 2–4; family homes of, 13–15, 63–64; and family’s intellectual exchanges, 11; and family’s love and support, xvii, xx, 32, 74; and Finsterbusch residence, 22–23; friends of, 208; Jewish traditions of, 10, 12–13, 35; and loneliness, 23–24, 33; naming of, 1; as naturalized citizen, 208; and parent’s revolutionary ideals, 9; and post-Arctic visits, 122; and relationship with father, 2, 26–28, 36, 41; and relocations for health, 15–16, 20–21, 46–47; scarred appearance of, 202; and strains on family, 20; summary of youth of, xvii. See also army service; Boas, Antonie “Toni” (sister); Boas, Marie (née Krackowizer); Boas, Meier (father); Boas, Sophie Meyer (mother); Jacobi, Abraham (uncle)
Boas, Franz, career of: anxieties and hopes for, 191, 235, 266, 303; at Berlin’s Ethnological Museum, 153–56; clear vision of, 30, 66; and comparative approach to research, 27, 29, 329; and demands of profession, 90, 117–18, 312; despondence and optimism about, 247, 251; drive to accomplish something in, xvii, 30, 31, 158, 330; and focus on collaboration, 295–96, 330; and fulfillment of inner being, 61; and German idealism, 169; and German professorship, 72, 93, 141, 144; as German scientist, 189; and habilitation process, xviii, 150–52, 156, 159; and honorary doctorate, 209; importance of activity in, 149; and Jewish background, 137; in medicine, 24–25, 27; and pay equity, 232; and position at University of Vienna, 301–3; and recognition for accomplishments, 124, 146–48, 156, 163, 263; and reputation, 68–73, 132, 263–66; and search for position, xviii; and shift from psychophysics, 64–65; training as physicist 90–94. See also American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); anthropology, discipline of; Arctic voyage; Baffin Land fieldwork; British Committee for the Advancement of Science (BAAS); Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE); Clark University; Columbia University (Columbia College); ethnographic work; Germany or United States, FB’s concerns; Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE); linguistic research; Northwest Coast fieldwork; physical anthropology; Science; U.S. National Museum (USNM); World’s Columbian Exposition (WCE)
Boas, Franz, childhood interests and education: Abitur examination in, 24, 25–26; in botany, 21, 329; and curriculum vitae, 26–27, 28, 35; and fairy tales, 16; and first gardens, 14, 15, 18; in Fröbel kindergarten, xvii, 9–10; and grounding in German system, xvii; and mathematics and physics, 26–28; at Minden Gymnasium, 16–17, 24; and missed school, 20, 23, 24; and natural sciences, 10, 15–18; parents’ attention to, 329; and private lessons, 16; and religious education, 11; at Zenkersches Institut, 21–22; in zoology, 17
Boas, Franz, health problems: and dueling, 38–39; possible causes of, 15; and school, 19, 20, 24; serendipitous education through, 29; and severe depression, xix, 240, 241; travel for, 18–19
Boas, Franz, personality characteristics: and abstractions, 35, 329; competitive spirit of, 240; demanding nature of, 117, 118; and enthusiasm for learning, 31, 36; flexibility of, 131; and foreign places, xvii, 16, 30, 329–30; and fun with words, 78; generosity of, 120; and gift for focus, 83, 86, 91; handwriting of, 26; idealism of, 9; importance of intellectual freedom and autonomy to, 11, 179, 247; and intellectual life, 60–61; and Jewish identity, 34–35, 45; and lack of patience, 111; personal motto of, 25, 28, 335–36n59; and relief from stress through writing, 24; resilience of, 29–30; self-confidence of, 25; and social situations, 70; tenacity of, xviii, xx, 176, 178
Boas, Franz, romance and marriage of: early romance of, 62–63, 80–89, 90, 91, 92; and early years of marriage, 172–73; and engagement announcement, 124; and family in work travel, 252; love letters of, 95, 101, 104–5, 119; and marriage delays, 94, 132–33, 139, 141, 143; and reunions with Marie, 121–22; and separation anxiety, 186–87; tragedy and hardship for, 235–36; and wedding, 171–72. See also letter-diary
Boas, Franz, university education and student life, 31–61; and anti-Semitism, 50–52; at Christian-Albrecht-Universität, 46–50, 53–55; degree and doctoral work of, 52–53, 55; at Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, 41–46; at Ruprecht Karl University, 31–41. See also dissertation, FB’s; dueling, student (Mensur); German universities; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; student life
Boas, Franz, work of: Baffin-Land (1885), 149, 158, 159; “Ein Beweis des Talbot’schen Satzes und Bemerkungen zu einigen aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen,” 48; “Captain Jacobsen’s Bella Coola Indians,” 155, 351n49; The Central Eskimo (1888), 130, 159, 162, 222; “Der Eskimo-Dialekt des Cumberland-Sundes,” 307; “The Eskimos of Baffin Island,” 146; “The Eskimos of Baffin Land,” 104; “Eskimo Story,” 108, 110, 344n11; “Facial Paintings of the Indians of Northern British Columbia,” 278; “The Game of Cat’s Cradle” (1888), 188; German language publications on Arctic, 159; Handbook of American Indian Languages (1911), 312–13; “The Indians of British Columbia,” 249–50; The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 278, 292; “A Journey in Cumberland Sound and on the West Shore of Davis Strait,” 103–4, 107–8, 109, 117, 346n38; Kathlamet Texts, 257; “Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island,” 352n7; “The Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island,” 221; “A Proof of Talbot’s Statement,” 67; “Reisen in Britisch-Columbien” (1889), 163–64; “Die Sagen der Baffin-Land-Eskimos,” 149; Second Report on the Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay, 129; “The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians,” 225; “Songs of the Kwakiutl Indians,” 225; “The Study of Geography,” 169; “Über die ehemalige Verbreitung der Eskimos,” 68, 340n13; “Über eine neue Form des Gesetzes der Unterschiedsschwelle,” 50; “Under the Arctic Circle,” 130; unpublished letters of, xx
Boas, Franziska, 344n11
Boas, Hedwig “Hete” (daughter), xix, 173, 236
Boas, Hedwig “Hete” (sister): birth of, 1; on Boas family background, 10; on family home, 13, 14; on FB’s collections, 17–18, 19; on FB’s departure for Arctic, 90; on FB’s student years, 43, 48; on FB’s travel for health problems, 18; on FB’s working away from the fraternity, 48; on Harz Mountain holiday, 62; on Karoline Frank’s family, 3; and link with Marie, 78–79; and marriage to Rudolf Lehmann, 39; on Meyer family, 4–5; on Minden Gymnasium, 16
Boas, Helene (daughter), xx, 172, 185–86, 187, 236
Boas, Helene (sister), 1
Boas, Karoline Frank (grandmother), 3, 4
Boas, Marie (née Krackowizer): about, 79; boat named for, 86; comments on FB’s work by, 81; concerns about FB’s work by, 198, 203; and declaration of love for FB, 83–84, 86–87, 88–89; expeditionary flag made by, 129; and first child, 176, 177; and frustration with Frederic Ward Putnam, 245, 255–56, 261; and learning about FB, 79; mother’s observation of change in, 90–91; on reuniting with FB, 123–24; and romance with FB, 62–63, 80–89, 90, 91, 92
Boas, Meier (father): and age at death of father, 4; on dangers of dueling, 50; as doting father, 19, 22–23; and FB’s choices, 27, 28, 158; and financial support for FB, 55, 68, 72, 76, 77–78, 153; as head of Minden Jewish community, 12; home and occupation of, 8, 13–14, 63; illness of, 90, 254; and Jewish dogma, 10; on moving FB to Finsterbusch residence, 22–23; and Zenker Institute, 21–22
Boas, Meyer (great-uncle), 2, 3–4
Boas, Sophie Meyer (mother): on birth of FB, 1; and concerns for FB, 67; education and upbringing of, 5; and FB’s education, 26, 29; on FB’s studying and army service, 64; and fear of losing FB to America, 139; and Fröbel kindergarten, xvii, 9–10; and frustration with Frederic Ward Putnam, 245; impact of mother’s death on, 7; and Jewish traditions, 10; marriage of, 9; political interests and activity of, 7–9; and pride in FB’s gifts and accomplishments, 27, 239; and reunions with FB, 147, 185–86
Boas-Hunt collaboration in collecting and transcribing texts, 221, 239, 275, 278–79, 294, 330
Bogoras, Vladimir: about, 283–84; arrest of, 294; and costs of JNPE, 291; and manuscripts on JNPE fieldwork, 294–95; police surveillance of, 286; travel and fieldwork of, 284–85, 286–88, 289–90, 295, 297
Bolza, Oskar, 193, 202, 204, 207, 208, 236, 358n27
Bonn synagogue, dedication of, 45–46
Boston Herald on Frederic Ward Putnam and ethnographic exhibit at World’s Columbian Exposition, 216
botany, FB’s interest in, 29, 30, 329
Boys Club in Worcester, 202
Brilling, Bernhard, 2–3
Brinton, Daniel Garrison, 170, 234, 325
British Committee for the Advancement of Science (BAAS): funding of FB by, 174–75, 177–83, 184–85, 186, 198, 245, 247, 248; and tensions between FB and Hale, 177–79. See also Hale, Horatio; Tylor, E. B.
Browman, David L., 207, 359n33
Bumpus, Herman, 294, 300, 307, 309
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, 31, 32, 33, 35
Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE): demise of activity at, 324; director of, 134; and editorial position for FB at, 254–55; FB at, 313; FB’s work as Annual Report of, 159; funding of FB’s work by, 179, 198; inquiry into operations of, 323–24; publication of FB’s work, 136, 141, 312–14; William Henry Holmes appointed chief of, 322–23; and W J McGee’s shortcomings, 325. See also Holmes, William Henry; Mason, Otis T.; McGee, W J; Powell, John Wesley
Burnett, Captain, 120
Burschenschaft Alemannia zu Bonn, 43–44
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 259–60
Buxton, Norman, 285
California Indians, restudy of, 245–46
Carpenter, Edmund, 312
cartographic work: in Cumberland Sound area, 104–5, 112–13, 114, 131; on Davis Strait, 118–19; importance of indigenous names in, 127; proposal to Hale for, 187; and use of Inuit-drawn maps, 105, 106, 125, 348n63; and validity of FB’s mapping, 126
facial casts of Indians, 245, 272, 273, 275–76, 278, 289, 295, 297
Cattell, James McKeen, 262–63, 316
Chamberlain, Alexander: fellowship for, 196, 199; and PhD dissertation, 197
Chamberlin, Thomas C., 229, 234
Charles Scribner’s Sons, 176, 354n30
Chicago, anthropological center of power, 237. See also Columbian Museum of Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History)
Chicago businessmen and WCE, 226, 228, 229, 232–33
Chicago Evening Post on WCE, 226
Chicago Exposition Company, 226
Chicago Sunday Herald on anthropological exhibits, 238
Child, Francis James, 174
Chinook people, 190, 198, 235, 248, 265, 279, 305
Christian-Albrecht Universität, 46–50, 47, 53–55
Chukchi people, 283, 287–88, 295
Clark, Jonas: and disillusionment with university, 200, 203; and hopes for university, 194; recruitment of G. Stanley Hall by, 192–93; on scientific research at university, 201
Clark University: anniversary celebration of, 208–9; anthropology department at, 191, 193–96; as based on German model, 184; faculty resignations at, 199–200, 203–7, 358n27; FB at, xviii, 178–79, 184, 190–91, 192, 197–98; FB’s sadness for, 210; as first U.S. graduate university, 192; impact of budget problems on, 199–200; primacy of research at, 357n5; structure and expectations of faculty at, 192–95; Worcester Telegram’s article attacking, 200–202
Clausius, Rudolph, 42
Clemens, Samuel, 37–38
Cohen, Gerson, 34–35
Cole, Douglas: on Abraham Jacobi’s support of FB, 305; on Baffin Land research, 125; on Bertold Laufer’s visa difficulties, 280–81;discovery of FB article by, 155, 351n49; on FB after Chicago, 241; on FB as only son, 2; on FB passing his exams, 25; on FB’s approach to fieldwork, 348n59; on FB’s children’s illnesses, 236; on FB’s despondence, 251; on FB’s handwriting, 26; on FB’s letter-diary, 96; on FB’s move from Zenker Institute, 21–22; on FB’s work on water, 47; on Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 151; on Jesup’s disappointments, 292; on Jewish assimilation into German life, 12; about Minden Gymnasium, 6; on physics discipline in Kiel, 47; on Toni’s education and illness, 20; translation of lauten Juden by, 33; on Wilhelm Weike’s contributions, 128–29; on William Henry Holmes, 233, 234
Cole, Jonathan: The Great American University, 206
Columbian Historical Society, 319
Columbian Museum of Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History): FB’s and Frederic Ward Putnam’s treatment by, 233–34, 240; FB’s installations at, 228, 230–31; leadership at, 228–30, 232, 237; major funding for, 226; sale of skeletons and skulls to, 183; WCE collections as nucleus of, 212, 238; WCE exhibits as model for, 239; William Henry Holmes’s role in, 325
Columbia University (Columbia College): about, 370n7; anthropology school at, xix, 268–69, 303–4, 327, 328; efforts to secure position for FB at, 255, 261, 262; FB at, xix, 173, 266, 304; field training for students of, 268; lectures at, 135, 145; professorship offered to FB at, 301–2; support of linguistic research by, 314
Comox people, 167
comparative approach to research, 27, 29, 329
Constructing Cultures Then and Now (Kendall and Krupnik), 297–98
Cotheal, Alexander, 174
Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, 246, 252, 254
Cowichan people, 166, 181, 183
Crane, Thomas Frederick, 174
Crawford, Samuel A., 228
Cristy, Austin P., 200
Crossroads of Continents (exhibit), 298
Cuddihy, John, 34
cultural geography, 131, 329, 330
Cumberland Sound: charts and topographical features of, 104–5, 112–13, 114, 131; FB’s first view of, 99
Cushing, Franklin Hamilton, 264
Danish government interest in Eskimos, 311
Davis, George R., 226–27
Dawson, George Mercer, 171, 175, 177, 237
desecration of burial sites, legal action against, 183
Deutscher Gesellig-Wissenschaftlicher Verein von New York (German Social and Scientific Association of New York): FB as secretary of, 185; FB’s lecture to, 124, 134
Dexter, Ralph, 212, 220, 226–27, 238
Dietrich, Johann, 21
discrimination against Jews. See anti-Semitism
dissertation, FB’s: as best dissertation, 53; equipment and methods for, 48–49, 54–55; publication of, 54; topic of, 47, 49
Dixon, Roland B., 278, 317, 327, 370n1
Donaldson, Henry H.: at baby’s funeral, 236; on Clark University’s faculty, 192, 193; and efforts for FB’s employment, 235; as family friend with FB and Marie, 208; on FB’s need to rest, 241; on human races, 242; and offer of lodging, 237; on resignation from Clark, 204, 358n27; at University of Chicago, 207
Dorsey, George A., 183, 239, 301, 316, 322
Drawing Shadows to Stone, 298
DuBois, W. E. B., 242
dueling, student (Mensur): description of, 36–38; and dueling associations, 57; and FB’s experience, 38–39; FB’s scars from, 57; FB tells his parents about, 40–41; goal in, 56–57; parents’ concerns about, 50, 52; in student culture, 56
Durkheim, Émile, 57–58
Eastern European Jews, 34–35
Erdmann, Benno, 47, 50, 53, 76
“The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay,” 307
Eskimos, FB’s study of: and access to artifacts, 71; in Berlin after military service, 68–69, 72–73; as case study in methodology, 67; encouraged by Theobald Fischer, 66; and Eskimo folktales, 148; fieldwork preparation for, 72–73, 93; and similarity of eastern and western Eskimos, 223. See also Baffin Land fieldwork; Inuit people
“Eskimo Story” (1883), 108, 110, 344n11
Esmarch, Johannes Friedrich August von, 45–46
ethics in ethnography, 155
ethnographic work: augmentation of cultural geography by, 131; cooperation and demands of science in, 117–18; FB lauded for, 264; FB’s approach to, 189, 296, 348n59; FB’s immersion as Eskimo in, 116–17; FB’s preference for, 115–16; with Northwest Coast Indians, 163–68; and shift in FB’s approach, 264–65; and worldview, 115, 130, 296–97, 330. See also Baffin Land fieldwork; Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE); Northwest Coast fieldwork
Ethnological Museum in Berlin, 153–56
Etuangat, Aksayuk, 126
European universities, strengths of, 302
exotic peoples shows, 153–54, 155
expeditions compared to research journeys, 127
explorer’s naming rights, 104
Exposition Universelle in Paris, 213–14
Fagin, Nancy, 212
Farrand, Livingston: facial casts and photographs of Indians by, 276, 277; and knowledge of anthropology, 256–57; management of JNPE fieldwork by, 278; at meeting about national organization, 316; The Quinault Indians, 293–94; and responsibilities on JNPE, 276; and student use of AMNH collections, 303–4; study of Chilcotin by, 273, 274; and travel to JNPE fieldwork, 271
feast invitations to foster goodwill, 165, 249–50, 276–77
Festschrift, presentation to FB, 61
Fewkes, J. Walter, 264, 317, 322
Field, Marshall, 226
Field Columbian Museum. See Columbian Museum of Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History)
Field Museum of Natural History. See Columbian Museum of Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History)
Fillmore, John Comfort, 221, 223–25, 239
Finsterbusch, Ludwig, 22
Fischer, Kuno, 35
Fischer, Theobald: on Carl Ritter and FB’s scientific work, 92–93; on employment conditions in Germany, 137, 138; to FB on position at Science, 173; on FB’s conversion to Christianity, 60; FB’s coursework with, 42; on FB’s interest in the United States, 137; in FB’s oral examination, 53; and habilitation process, 76, 150, 151; on Heinrich Kiepert, 151–52; on Jews and anti-Semitism, 138; support and advice from, 47, 65–66; and welcoming FB home, 146
Fitzhugh, William, 295–96, 297
Foerster, Wilhelm Julius, 71, 152
Fort Rupert: FB’s return to, 249–50; George Hunt raised in, 355n40; procurement of skeletal remains from, 182
Fort Rupert tribes and cultures: exhibit at WCE, 218–19, 220; and village on Lake Michigan, 239
Frank, Joseph Meyer (great-grandfather), 3
The Franz Boas Papers: Documentary Edition (Darnell), xx
fraternity, FB’s membership in, 33–34, 43
Frederick the Great, 59
Freed, Ruth and Stanley, 295, 297
Freuchen, Peter, 311
Freud, Sigmund, 208–9
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 151–52
Fröbel kindergarten, xvii, 9–10
Gallatin, Albert, 173–74
Gandtner, Otto, 27
Gateways: Exploring the Legacy (2001), 296
Gatschet, Albert, 170
Geiger, Robert: To Advance Knowledge, 206
Geographical Society of America, 319
Geographische Gesellschaft, lecture to, 77
Geographisches Jahrbuch, FB as North American editor of, 173
geography, discipline of, 66, 93, 131, 144, 159. See also cultural geography
Geological Survey of Canada, 161, 171
German Enlightenment, 59
Germania: life aboard, 96–97; passage to Arctic on, 75, 77, 89
German Jews, goals of, 34–35
German manhood, rites of passage into, 55, 56, 57
German Polar Commission, 74, 76, 89, 101, 347n47
German universities: and attendance as rite of passage, 55–56; FB’s debt to, 61; fluidity of disciplinary expertise at, 93; graduates of, 59–60; Jewish population of, 60; professorships in, 143, 144, 160; women in, 55
Germany: and arguments against, 143, 144, 147, 157; and arguments for United States, 141–42; assimilation of Jews into, 59; FB’s concerns about science in, 159–61; and FB’s efforts to secure position, 133–36, 147–49; FB’s emotional turmoil over, 132, 140–41, 158; employment conditions in, 136; on FB’s establishing himself, xviii; and Fischer’s arguments, 137–38; FB’s reflection on decision about, 188–89; FB’s reputation in, 146–48; FB’s return to, 145–46; and FB’s return to New York, 161; habilitation in, 150–53, 156; industrialization and anti-Semitism in, 58–59; and Jacobi’s arguments, 138–39; and pressure from FB’s family, 136, 140, 141–42, 146, 157–58
Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte, 154
Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin (Geographical Society of Berlin), lectures to, 79–80, 135–36, 148
Giesbrecht, Wilhelm, 50–51
Giese, Wilhelm, 101–2
Gilman, Daniel Coit, 65, 136, 319, 323
Gilyak people, 281, 282–83, 292
Glass, Aaron, 246
Goode, J. Brown, 252–53, 257–58
Goodspeed, Thomas Wakefield, 207; The History of the University of Chicago, 206
grave-robbing, 181–83
Grube, Wilhelm, 280
Gruber, Jacob, 179
Hagenbeck, Carl, 153–54
Haida people, 180, 219–20, 276, 279
Hale, Horatio: on FB’s treatment by Skiff, 234–35; and funding for fieldwork, 174–75, 177–79; and withdrawal from committee, 248; research direction from, 247, 248; and response to FB’s difficulties, 198–99; and tensions with FB, 177–79
Hall, Charles Francis, 348n59
Hall, G. Stanley: and anthropology dept. at Clark University, 194; on challenges at Clark University, 203; at Clark anniversary celebration, 208–9; on FB’s anthropological stature, 239; and FB’s appointment parameters, 192; on FB’s physical charts of Indians, 199; on FB’s tribute to, 209–10; and focus at Clark University, 194; offer of position from, 184; recruitment of faculty by, 192–93, 205–6; and report on accomplishments, 199, 357n15; response to withholding of stipend by, 203–7, 358n27; on Worcester Telegram attacks, 201–2. See also Clark University
Hanstein, Johannes von, 42
Harper, Kenn, 129–30, 306, 372n27; Give Me My Father’s Body (1986), 312
Harper, William Rainey: efforts to secure museum by, 229; on FB’s ability to take direction, 235, 362n46; and lack of offer to FB, 207, 359n33; and leadership of anthropology dept., 229; recruitment of faculty for Chicago by, 199–200, 205–6
Harris, Neil: “Memory and the White City,” 226
Hastings, Oregon Columbus, 166, 180, 181, 353n9
Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 326, 327
Hegemann, Paul Friedrich August, 77, 345n17
Heidelberg, FB’s description of, 31–32
Helgoland, travel to, 18–19
Hennig, Miss, 69
herbaria, 15, 18, 21, 29, 91, 329
Herskovits, Melville J., 131
Herzberg, Theodor, 6
Higinbotham, Harlow Niles, 226–27, 228, 232
Hinsley, Curtis, 212–13, 227, 241, 318–19, 322, 323–25
Hirth, Fräulein, 45–46
Hitchcock, Ethan A., 280–81
Hobsbawm, Eric, 56
Hodges, N. D. C., 169, 170, 183–84, 185
Holmes, William Henry: at BAE, 322–23; Chamberlin’s affiliation with, 229; at Columbian Museum of Chicago, 233–34; and discovery of BAE irregularities, 323; FB’s resentment at Chicago’s recruitment of, 230, 231–32, 233; Smithsonian exhibit at WCE, 212–13; support of linguistic research, 300; and W J McGee, 325
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 59
Hunt, George: about, 355n40; and collaboration with FB, 272, 330, 353n9; collection of artifacts by, 278; on FB’s return to Fort Rupert, 249; and first meeting with FB, 180; and grave illness of child, 277; major contribution of, 221; management of Fort Rupert exhibit by, 218; review and expansion of folklore collection by, 275, 278–79; songs composed by, 225; and village on Lake Michigan, 239
Hutten, Ulrich von, 28, 335–36n59
illnesses and death in Native populations: in Baffin Land, 106–9, 117–18; among Chukchi, 287; FB associated with, 117, 118; of Labrador Eskimos, 155; among Northwest Coast Indians, 277; of visiting Eskimos, 308–9, 311–12, 372n27
indigenous names, 103–4, 106, 125, 348n62
International Congress of Americanists, FB’s address to, 291, 296
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, 188
International Polar Year, 76, 80, 127, 341n28
Inuit people: and association of FB with illness, 117–18; and communal nature of, 114; and description of women, 100; FB’s continuing work on, 307; and FB’s learning of Inuktitut, 100, 106, 109, 120; FB’s reflection on learning about, 116; illness, death, and mortuary customs of, 106–9; importance of indigenous names to, 126–27; live traveling exhibit of, 305–6; maps drawn by, 105, 125, 348n63; Sedna festival of, 110–11; and spontaneous settlements for travelers, 112; and value of Eskimos’ stay in New York, 309–10
Ivanov, Vladimir Karlampovich, 298
Jacknis, Ira, 189, 218, 219–20
Jackson, Abraham Valentine Williams, 263
Jacobi, Abraham (uncle): assistance to newlyweds from, 172; biographical information about, 5–6, 8; career advice from, 133, 139–40; critique of FB’s travel plans by, 71–72; and FB’s confiding about Marie, 82; and FB’s employment in United States vs. Germany, 142–44; FB’s sharing of plans with, 64–65; on FB’s use of English, 242; on FB’s WCE work, 239; funding for FB’s salary from, 262, 302, 304–5; funding of FB’s fieldwork by, 83, 162; on holiday in Harz Mountains, 62, 63; and influence on Meier Boas, 28; and orders for FB to rest, xix, 240; revolutionary activities of, 7–8; securing position for FB, 65, 135, 136, 256, 261
Jacobsen, Bernard Fillip, 153, 154, 272
Jacobsen, Johan Adrian, 153–54, 167–68
Jarausch, Konrad, 60
Jesup, Morris K.: appointment of FB by, 260–61; approval of JNPE costs from, 291; and concern over FB’s health, 241; death of, 291; and efforts to secure positions for FB, 255, 257, 302, 303; and enthusiasm for ethnological exhibits, 244; FB’s relationship with, 309; on finding right scientists, 280; funding of JNPE from, xix, 267, 269–70; and housing for visiting Eskimos, 307–8; on JNPE’s impact on AMNH, 270; and JNPE summary volume, 291, 292, 297, 300; legacy of, 299; and views of JNPE, 290; on visiting Eskimos tragedy, 309
Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE): assessments of, 295, 297–98; and collaboration of experts, 295–96; continuing importance of, 297–99, 330; costs associated with, 290–91, 294, 309; FB’s vision of, 299; funding of, xix, 267, 269–70; goals and scope of, 267–68, 269, 271, 290; Laufer and Fowke’s work in, 280–83; Northwest Coast portion of, 272–79; publications resulting from, 292–94, 297; “The Results of the Jesup Expedition,” 291, 296; scientists’ responses to, 290; Siberian portion of, 278, 280, 284–90; summary volume for, 291, 292, 297, 300, 372n34; team makeup and responsibilities on, 271–73; and travel to northern field site, 273–75; wealth of data resulting from, 296; work of first season of, 272–78
Jewish culture: dietary laws in, 10; and FB’s encounter with Yiddishkeit, 34–35; holidays and customs in, 12–13; and secular Judaism, 35
Jewish identity: and assimilation into German society, 12, 59; and employment opportunities in Germany, 137–38
JNPE. See Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE)
Jochelson, Bogoras and Shternberg (Kasten), 299
Jochelson, Vladimir: about, 283–84; and costs of JNPE, 291; and extended stay in Siberia, 290; and fieldwork challenges, 288–89; and plans for JNPE work, 284–85; police surveillance of, 286; results of fieldwork by, 289, 294, 297; The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungas, 298
“Jochelson and the Jesup North Pacific Expedition” (Kasten and Dürr), 298–99
Jochelson-Brodsky, Dina, 285, 289; Anthropometry of Siberia, 292
Johns Hopkins University, 357n5, 357n15
Johnson, Rossiter, 218–19
Jonaitis, Aldona, 276
Jordan, D. S., 259
Journal of American Folklore, 174, 175, 223, 310
Jung, C. G., 208–9
Justus Perthes (publisher), 126, 149, 152, 158, 159
J. W. Skiles and Co., 217
Kaufmann, Richard, 2–3
Keenainak, Josephie, 127
Kekerten (whaling station): departure from, 118; description of, 100; FB’s welcome in, 102, 111; as fieldwork base, 108, 109; spelling of, 344n9
Kekulé, August, 42
Kiel, Germany, 58–59
Kiel Commission, 47
Kiepert, Heinrich: and exchange with Science, 173; on FB’s habilitation, 153, 156; FB’s view of, 151–52, 153; and view of FB, 152
Königliches Museum für Völkerkunde (Royal Museum of Ethnology), 70
Kootenay people, 177, 180, 184
Kortum, Hermann, 42
Koryak people, 285, 288, 289, 299
Krackowizer, Emilie: about Marie and marriage to FB, 79; on FB and Marie’s marriage plans, 171; FB letter of intentions to, 86; in Harz Mountains, 62; and letters of concern, 87–88, 90
Krackowizer, Ernst, 354n22
Krackowizer, Marie. See Boas, Marie (née Krackowizer)
Kroeber, Alfred Louis: FB’s assessment of, 326, 328; on FB’s youth, xx; and native languages, 305; role in AAA suggested to, 301; at University of California, 327–28; and work with visiting Eskimos, 309–10
Kroeber, Theodora, 305
Krüer, Reinhard: death of, 41; and letters with FB, 38–39
Krupnik, Igor, 125, 295–96, 297–98; “A Jesup Bibliography,” 297
Kurilov, Gavril Nikolaevich, 298
Kwakiutl people: Boas-Hunt collaboration regarding, 221, 239, 275, 278–79, 294, 330; facial casts and photographs of, 276–77; FB’s lasting contribution regarding, 238–39; FB’s lifelong study of, 93; and Kwakiutl hamatsa (Hamat’sa), 238–39, 253; and language study, 177; modes of travel of, 352n7; and Northwest Coast languages and cultures, 218; recording and transcriptions of songs of, 223–25; at WCE, 220. See also Hunt, George
Lamb, Daniel, 314
Langley, Samuel Pierpont: appointment of FB by, 313; FB’s criticism of, 324; and intent to purge BAE, 319–20, 322–23, 325
languages, FB’s study of, 329; and importance of knowing native languages, 130; and Pidgin English, 106; skill and interest in, 16–17, 33, 329; and study of Danish, 68; and study of English, 134, 171, 242; and study of Eskimo language, 68, 73; and study of Inuktitut, 100, 106, 109, 120. See also linguistic research
Laufer, Bertold: on Amur River portion of JNPE, 280; fieldwork by and challenges of, 281–83; visa difficulties of, 280–81; wealth of data collected by, 297
Lausalx, Arnold von, 47
lectures given by FB: at Clark University anniversary celebration, 208; at Columbia College, xix, 135, 136, 145, 173, 266; Ethnography of Northwestern America, 168; FB’s skill in, 135–36; in Germany, 77, 79–80, 124, 134–36, 148; for habilitation, 156; as path to a position, 135, 145, 148; at Peabody Museum, 199; at Stanford University, 251
Lehmann, Betty, 39
Lehmann, Hedwig. See Boas, Hedwig “Hete” (sister)
Lehmann, Rudolph (brother-in-law), 39, 161, 245
Lekwiltok people, 167
letter-diary, 95, 96–97, 104–5, 119
Levysohn, Arthur, 75
Leydig, Franz von, 42
Lillooet people, 278
linguistic research: and approach to studying languages, 190; on Bella Coola language, 163; in British Columbia, 167–68, 176–77, 180, 188, 248; and difficulty with Indian languages, 279; in FB’s approach to anthropology, 330; FB’s challenges to, 105–6; and FB seminar on American Indian languages, 305; FB’s predilection for, 279; and handbook of North American languages, 312–13; and teaching at Columbia College, 263; value of collaboration to, 324. See also Inuit people; languages, FB’s study of
Lipschitz, Rudolph, 42
Lizzie P. Simmons (whaling ship), 101–2
Lombard, Warren P., 207, 358n27
Low, Seth, 255, 259, 261–62, 302, 303, 304
Lowie, Robert, xx; Biographical Memoir of Franz Boas, 1858–1942, 127
MacCurdy, George G., 316
Mahlstede, August F. B., 75
Mall, Franklin P., 193, 204, 205, 207, 358n27
manhood, rituals of, 56–58
Masius, Hermann, 11
Mason, Otis T.: and eagerness to help FB, 133–34; on ethnological exhibits at WCE, 212–13; and exhibit at Cotton States Exposition, 246, 252, 254; FB’s discussion of BAE collection with, 145; and life model exhibits at National Museum, 246, 253; and sympathy for FB over Chicago, 252
material culture: in FB’s approach to anthropology, 330; of Haida Indians, 219; as linked to narratives, 190; techniques of research in, 189
mathematics and physics: and differential calculus, 35; and dissertation topic, 47; FB’s aptitude for and interest in, 26–27; FB’s move away from, 66; university study in, 33
McGee, W J: and affiliation with scientific societies, 319; and attempts to calm FB, 231; at BAE, 318–20, 325; and conflict with FB over national organization, 300, 317–18, 320–21, 326; as co-owner of American Anthropologist, 314; on FB’s offer at BAE, 254; and incorporation of AAA, 322; and investigation of BAE, 323–25; and pressure on FB to accept USNM offer, 258; and proposal to form national organization, 316–20; on publication of handbook of North American languages, 313; and sympathy for FB over Chicago, 252
McGuire, Joseph D., 322
Melville, George, 144–45
Meyer, Berthe (aunt), 5
Meyer, Henriette “Jette” (née Menke, grandmother), 4, 5, 7
Meyer, Jacob “Uncle Kobus” (uncle), 6, 13, 172, 262
Meyer, Jonas (grandfather), 4–5, 9
Meyer, Julius (cousin), 13
Meyer, Jürgen Bona, 42
Meyer, Phips (aunt): death of, 172; letters to Sophie from, 67, 122–23
Meyer, Salomon “Uncle Mons”: and concerns about FB’s travel, 71, 72; and visits to FB, 36; wedding gift from, 172
Meyer, Theodor (cousin), 13
Meyer, Willy (cousin): congratulations from, 80; as lover of natural history, 14, 15–16; and membership in fraternal organization, 43
Michelson, Albert A., 193, 204, 206, 207, 208, 358n27
Midway Plaisance, 214, 217, 223, 359n7
Miller, Thomas Ross, 225, 272–73
Minden, Westphalia: about, 13; homecoming in, 145–46; Jewish population in, 8–9
Minden Gymnasium, 6, 16–17, 22, 27
Minden revolutionary circle, 5, 6
Minden Töchterschule, 22
Minik, 307, 309, 310–12, 372n27
Möbius, Karl Augustus, 47
modern geography, 151, 159–60, 351n42
Mosse, Rudolf, 74
Müller-Wille, Ludger: on anti-Semitic student association, 51; on Baffin Land research, 125–26; on The Central Eskimo, 159; on exchanges during Arctic voyage, 343n3; on FB as pioneer, 128; on FB’s change to Kekerten, 100; on FB’s work on Inuit, 307; on FB’s intellectual interests, 26; on FB’s linguistic challenges, 105–6; on FB’s performance on dissertation, 53; on FB’s use of maps, 127; on format of curriculum vitae, 27; on habilitation process, 150; on Ich hab’s gewagt, 335–36n59; on importance of FB’s work to Inuit, 348n63; on importance of Arctic study, 76; on influence of approach to geography, 127–28; “Inuit Geographical Knowledge One Hundred Years Apart,” by Linna Weber Müller-Wille and, 105–6; on model for FB’s approach to, 348n59; on newspaper’s rights to FB’s results, 76; on presentation to Inuit of Pangnirtung, 126; on renown of FB’s teachers, 27; on requirements of Privatdozent, 353n13; on value of letter-diary, 96; on visiting Eskimos tragedy, 312; on Weike’s contributions, 128–29
The Museum at the End of the World (Block and Kendal), 297
music, FB’s interest in, 32, 33, 38, 85, 208
Mutch, James Shepherd: abandoned boxes retrieved by, 347n47; and collaboration with FB, 129, 130, 330; experience, expertise, and assistance of, 102; and identification of Inuit with geographic knowledge, 105; loan of skin clothing, 114; and role at whaling station, 100
mythology and folklore: discovering traits of people through, 164, 190; of the Eskimo, 221–22, 310; in FB’s approach to anthropology, 330; Kwakiutl collection of, 166, 221, 239, 275; “The Mythology of the Bella Coola Indians,” 278; of Northwest Coast Indians, 265, 330; and “Olŭngwa,” 222; and relationship with languages, 265; texts of, 330. See also Boas-Hunt collaboration in collecting and transcribing texts
Nachojaschi, 103
National Geographic Society, 319
Navaho songs, 223
Nef, John Ulric, 193, 204, 207, 358n27
Neumayer, Georg von: at Assembly of Geographers, 80; and FB’s departure to Arctic, 90; travel and research support from, 76–77
Newcombe, Charles Frederick, 239, 276
Newell, William Wells, 174, 175, 234
New York Evening Post publication of opposing views of expedition, 144–45
New York Times: on plans for JNPE, 270; on Putnam and anthropology exhibit, 216, 217; on visiting Eskimos, 307, 308; on WCE’s Anthropological Building, 215
New York Tribune on visiting Eskimos, 308, 309
North Sea observation stations, 47
Northwest Coast fieldwork: BAAS funding for, 174–75, 177–83, 184–86, 198, 237, 245, 247, 248; BAE funding for, 198; on Bella Coola Indians, 330; and FB’s approach, 189–90, 264–65; FB’s attitude toward, 247, 250; FB’s reputation from, 187–88; and FB’s research blind spots, 265; and FB’s return to territory, 248–49, 250, 251; and FB’s separation anxiety, 186–87; and first trip, 162, 163–69, 168; summary of work from, xviii
Northwest Coast Indians: exhibit at Ethnological Museum on, 153; exhibit at WCE on, 212. See also Bella Coola Indians
Nuttall, Zelia, 326, 327, 372n28
Nye, David: on World’s Columbian Exposition, 214
Oetteking, Bruno: Craniology of the North Pacific Coast, 292
Olmsted, Law, 214
Olsen, Gustav, 311
The Ordeal of Civility, 34
Osborn, Henry, 309
Peabody Museum at Cambridge, 199, 243
Peary, Robert, 306, 307, 308, 312
“Peary Eskimos” tragedy of, 307–12, 372n27
Pentlatch people, 167
Permeier, Herr, 16
photo-elicitation, 189
photographs: for collection, 163, 166, 247, 273, 276, 284, 287, 289, 295; compilation of, 244, 245, 246; Cowichan suspicious of, 166–67; as distraction, 180; of drawings, 141; by Hastings, 166; loss of, 119
physical anthropology: and anthropometric studies, 180–81, 187–88, 245–46, 251, 279; FB as lecturer in, 267; FB lauded for work in, 263–64; FB’s acceptance by discipline of, 93; in FB’s approach, 330; Hall’s vs. FB’s views of, 195, 196, 197; and Natives’ fear of being measured, 283; and stress on methodology, 284; in WCE exhibits, 218
physical geography, 17
physics: difference from geography, 92; FB’s move away from, 66, 90–94; FB’s study of, 47; and understanding man, 93. See also water, FB’s work on properties of
Pöhl, Friedrich, 118
polar research: FB’s interest and plans in, 142; nature of, 80; research station for, 76. See also Baffin Land fieldwork; German Polar Commission; International Polar Year
Potter, Russell, 306
Powell, John Wesley: decline and death of, 318–20, 322; and expectations for Northwest Coast fieldwork, 198; and FB’s efforts to join Smithsonian, 134, 136, 185; on FB stationed on West Coast, 259; FB waiting to hear from, 145; Jacobi’s pressure on, 136; and linguistic map of North America, 212–13; position to FB offered by, 254–55; and support of FB’s work, 191
Privatdocent: at Clark University, 194; FB’s desires to become, 30, 65, 72, 156; opportunities for, 148; as prerequisite before professorship, 138, 150; requirement of, 353n13
Prussian Educational Code of 1794, 60
Putnam, Frederic Ward: anthropology building for, 214–15; and assistance to Alfred Louis Kroeber, 327; celebration of, 370n1; and choice of FB to study Indians, 264; as collaborator on JNPE, 270; and competition for FB, 254–55; and Crawford’s request, 228; and critiques of exhibits, 216; and efforts to secure position for FB, 255–58, 259, 261, 302, 303; FB hired by, xix, 243–45, 251, 255–56, 260; and optimism regarding FB, 246; organizational acumen, 245; overwhelming work of, 220–21; praise for, 238; reputation and positions of, 216–17; at University of California, 328; on WCE, 211, 227, 233, 261; and WCE success, 237–38
Quilleute Indians, 278
race, FB’s approach to studying, 242–43
racial determinism, 242–43
Radloff, Wilhelm, 283
Rand, McNally’s Handbook, 359n7
Rath, Gerhard vom, 42
recordings and transcriptions of songs: authenticity and accuracy of, 225; among Gilyak and Tungus, 282–83; as inherited property, 225–26; in JNPE, 272–73; method used for, 223–24; and reactions to phonograph, 283, 289
Reichard, Gladys, 330
Reiß, Johann Wilhelm, 69, 70, 71, 148, 152
repatriation of Greenlandic Eskimos, 312
research universities’ recruitment practices, 206
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität: coursework at, 42; FB’s move to, 41; fraternity at, 43; and student jail sentence, 42–43; and visit to Bonn synagogue, 45–46
Rink, Hinrich Johannes, 73, 148
Ripley, William Z., 256–57
Ritter, Carl, 92
Robinson Crusoe, 16
Rockefeller, John D., 205, 206
Rohner, Ronald P., 355n40
Rood, Ogden N., 135
Ross, Dorothy, 192, 194, 205, 206
Royal Museum of Ethnology, 71
Royal Society of Canada, 161
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität: classes at, 31, 32–33, 35; and complaints over studies, 42; FB’s view of Jews at, 35–36; lectures on aesthetics at, 329; need for friendships at, 33–34; residence at, 32; and student jail sentence, 40; student life at, 36–41
Russell, Frank, 316
Russian Minister of the Interior, 286
Sakhalin Island peoples, 281
Salish people, 177, 184, 198, 219–20, 248, 305
Sanford, E. C., 208
Schleinitz, Georg von, 75
Schmeltz, Johannes Dietrich Eduard, 188
Schreiber, Emanuel, 45
Science: announcement about JNPE in, 270–71; FB at, xviii, 93, 169–70, 173, 176, 183–84; and FB’s resulting network of scientists, 188; FB’s writings in, 144–45, 155–56, 321, 323
scientific collaboration, value to science, organizations, and students, 324. See also Boas, Franz, career of; Boas-Hunt collaboration in collecting and transcribing texts; Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE); linguistic research; Mutch, James Shepherd; Teit, James
scientific community of East Coast, 237
Scott, Gertrude, 217
Scottish seal hunters, 78
Selwyn, Alfred, 161
Shanguja, 103
Shternberg, Lev: The Social Organization of the Gilyak, 292; Sociology of the Amur Tribes, 292
Sing Sing NY (Ossining), 172, 354n22
skeletons and skulls: collection and sale of, 167, 181–83; investigation of JNPE collection of, 292; and marking provenance, 183. See also physical anthropology
Skiff, Frederick J. V., 228, 231–32, 234
Small, A. W., 207
Smith, Harlan: and assistance to Esther Bein’s family, 306; facial casts of Indians by, 275–76; as collaborator on JNPE, 270, 271, 273, 276; FB’s encouragement of, 221; fieldwork for JNPE, 278; and publication of work, 293
Smith, Marian, 174
Smithsonian Institution: FB hopes for a position at, 145; on FB’s methods, 324; FB travel to, 133; WCE exhibits as model for, 238–39. See also Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE); Langley, Samuel Pierpont
sociology, as necessary for geographers, 64
Southwick, Albert B., 200
space and spatial organization, visualization of, 127
Ssigna (Inuit guide), 102–3, 114, 330, 344–45n17
Stanford University: FB lecture to, 251; FB’s pursuit of position at, 258–59; suit against, 259, 364n37
Stocking, George: on FB’s ability to take direction, 362n46; on FB’s approach to race, 242; on Fischer and Ritter, 92–93; on import of FB’s role in AAAS, 242; on national organization, 318, 320, 322
Stoecker, Adolf, 50
student dueling: anti-Semitic provocation for, 50, 52; FB’s writing home about, 44–45; touted as vivisection, 202
student life: as brotherhood, 57–58; and parental authority, 56; and transition from, 58
Stumpf, Carl, 154
Sutton, William and James, 181, 182–83
symbols, use of, 280
Tacoma, Washington, 163
Teit, James: about, 271; FB’s collaboration with, 330; and fieldwork with Lillooet, 278; and manuscript of work, 293; preparatory work for JNPE by, 272; as translator and guide, 273, 275
Thompson River Indians, 272, 273
Tlingit people, 166, 180, 220, 276
Topinard, Paul, 263–64
toponyms, collection of, 126. See also indigenous names
travel and research: FB’s dreams of, xvii, 329–30; funding for, 73–75; to Germany with young family, 185–86; as mark of serious scientist, 93, 330. See also Arctic voyage; Baffin Land fieldwork; Jesup North Pacific Expedition (JNPE); Northwest Coast fieldwork
travel to Arctic and back: arrival in Kekerten, 99–100; from Baffin Land to New York, 120–21; from Europe to Kekerten, 95–97; FB’s seasickness during, 96, 98; from Greenland to Baffin Island, 96, 97–99; and life aboard Germania, 96–97
true science, FB’s view of, 21, 329
Tsimshian people, 184, 219, 276, 279
Tylor, E. B.: at BAAS, 175; and funding for Northwest Expedition, 268; praise for FB’s work by, 179, 264; program of research proposed to, 184–85; and use of folktales, 267
Uncle Mons. See Meyer, Salomon “Uncle Mons”
University of Berlin, habilitation lecture to, 156
University of California: FB’s networking with, 251; FB’s possible work at, 326–27; Kroeber at, 327–28; Putnam at, 328; support of linguistic research by, 314
University of Chicago: faculty recruitment for, 205, 206–7; FB’s views on, 229–30; as new center of power and influence, 237
University of Halle, 150
University of Jena botanical garden, 21, 329
U.S. Army Signal Office, 145
U.S. National Museum (USNM): catalogue of artifacts and life model exhibits at, 252–53; Holmes’s role in, 233; Northwest Coast catalogue for, 246; Northwest Coast exhibit at, 246, 298; offer of position at, 255–56; plan for model exhibits at, 253; and report on Northwest Coast artifacts, 254; WCE exhibits as model for, 238
van Gennep, Arnold, 55
Verbürgerlichung (integration into German society), 12
Vereine Deutscher Studenten (Union of German Students), 51, 59
Vincent, Lyle, 305
Virchow, Rudolph: about, 69–70; FB’s introduction to, 73; introduction of Bella Coola Indians by, 154; and response to FB lecture, 148
vivisection at Clark University, claims of, 200–202
Volkov, Shulamit, 12
Volksgeist (national spirit), 59
Wagner, Hermann, 10, 29, 147, 151, 173, 333–34n26, 350n32
Walcott, Charles D., 229–30
Wallace, William, 307–8, 309, 312
Washington anthropologists, 300, 370n1
water, FB’s work on properties of: in Cumberland Sound, 109–10; as dissertation topic, 47–50, 54–55; and seawater experiments, 93, 96
WCE. See World’s Columbian Exposition (WCE)
Weber Müller-Wille, Linna, 126
Webster, Arthur G., 193
Weike, Wilhelm: as assistant and companion, 77–78, 102, 330; and description of storm, 110; diary of Arctic journey by, 128, 346n38; and English lessons, 97; FB responsibility for, 90; frostbite suffered by, 113, 114–15, 346n39; and preparation for travel, 78
West, Gerald, 203
Weyer, Georg Daniel Eduard, 47, 53
Weyprecht, Carl, 76
Whitman, C. O., 193, 204, 205, 206, 207, 358n27
Williams, Stephen, 207, 359n33
Winser, John H., 270
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 235
“Woman’s Song of the Kwakiutl Indians,” recording of, 223–24
Worcester Telegram: about, 358n23; articles on vivisection, 201–2; on FB’s measuring children, 202–3
World’s Columbian Exposition (WCE): Anthropological Building and exhibits at, 212–13, 214–16, 238; battle for leadership at, 237; and Chicago, 232–33; closing of, 226; Eskimo Village at, 217, 305, 306, 360n14; as exhausting time for FB, 220–21; expansion of Department of Ethnology and Archaeology at, 217; facilitation of Fillmore’s work at, 221–26; facilitation of Harlan Smith’s work at, 221–23; FB at, xviii, 173, 211, 228; FB encouraged to work on, 199; FB’s lasting contributions from, 238–39; Fort Rupert exhibit at, 218–19; Kwakiutl ceremonials at, 220; Midway Plaisance of, 214, 217, 223, 359–60n7; power and personality struggles at, 226–28; preparation for, 210; site selection and grand size of, 213–14. See also Columbian Museum of Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History); University of Chicago
World’s Columbian Exposition, Inc. (WCE), 226–27, 232
worldviews, learning about peoples through their own, 130, 296–97
Wright, Robin, 276
Yakima people, 248
Yampolsky, Cecil, xx
Yukagir (Yukaghir) people, 284, 288, 290, 298
Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 69
Zenker, Gustav, 21
Zenkersches Institut, 21