Index

cra 6, 32, 33, 37, 45, 48, 59, 60, 62, 140, 141, 152, 153, 171, 266

adhikra 10, 130, 139, 141, 148–53, 266

adjudication 5, 9, 21, 26, 70, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 103, 155, 164, 171, 184, 185

adoption 9, 23, 24, 25, 31, 41, 53, 87, 92, 100, 110, 262

affirmative action 12, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 268

reservations

Africa xiii, xiv, 13, 91, 106, 118, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261

Age of Consent Act (1891) xiv, 108

Allahabad 86

Ambedkar, Bhim Rao 109, 110, 219, 295

Andhra Pradesh 21

Agiras 51,

Anglo-Hindu law 25, 26, 78, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 255

pastamba xii, xv, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 51, 53, 56, 57, 146, 288

Appayyadkita 135, 136

Arthastra xv, 5, 8, 45, 63, 144, 150, 151, 176, 282

Asahya 52, 53, 141, 142

asceticism 54, 61, 187

rama 39, 48, 266

Atri 51,

authority 4, 6, 8, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 61, 67, 85, 94, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 136, 139, 142, 144, 145, 146, 153, 162, 165, 206

Ayodhya

The Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya Act (1993) 247

Babri Masjid xiv, 241, 245, 250

Backward Classes 219, 220, 223, 224, 228, 229, 238, 267, 268, 273, 279

Blaka Pyagua 53

Banaras (Benares, Varanasi) 53, 82, 83, 84, 134, 156, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 177

Baudhyana xii, xv, 30, 38, 39, 40, 51, 53, 56, 57, 200, 288

Bengal xiii, 22, 53, 54, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87, 97, 133, 156, 165, 166, 253

Bhagavantabhskara 54

Bhruci 52, 53, 54, 147

Bilhaa xvi, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 178, 179, 180, 181,

BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) 236, 239, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248,

Bombay (Mumbai) 85, 86, 87, 94, 95, 98, 99, 145, 217, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249, 255, 279

Bombay Hindu Heirs Relief Act (1866) 98

Bouchet, Father Jean Vernant 67, 274, 275, 291

brahmadeya 20,

Brahmin 4, 8, 18, 19, 20, 28, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 94, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 176, 177, 178, 182, 200, 201, 203, 205, 209, 210, 216, 217, 218, 220, 253, 260, 268, 270

Bhaspati 282

Bhaspati Smti xii, 49

bride-wealth 96

British Raj 88,

Buddhism 2, 4, 31, 32, 43, 116, 123, 219

Bumper Development Corporation 195

Calcutta (Kolkata) 25, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 282,

Clukya 168, 169, 170, 174,

Caevara 54

caste 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 19, 20, 32, 37, 38, 39, 58, 59, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 103, 110, 111, 116, 130, 140, 143, 151, 152, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 173, 211, 212, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 237, 238, 244, 245, 246, 254, 257, 260, 267, 268, 269, 270,

See also jti

vara

Caste Disabilities Removal Act (1850) xiii, 26, 108

Caturvargacintmai 54, 55, 134, 136

Central Educational Institution (Reservation in Admission) Act (2006) 222, 228

charter 62, 87, 152, 199

Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal 20, 173, 275, 283

Christian 1, 2, 6, 90, 92, 107, 110, 116, 245, 259

Christianity 3, 220, 223, 259, 260, 297

civil law 6, 9, 90, 93, 100

codification 26, 30, 58, 59, 60, 74, 76, 90, 94, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 169, 216, 242, 255,

Coke, Sir Edward 5

Colebrooke, Thomas xiii, 25, 53, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 276

colonial xiii, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 53, 54, 55, 62, 67, 78, 82, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 114, 117, 118, 119, 137, 140, 159, 161, 165, 190, 196, 204, 205, 206, 210, 216, 218, 219, 257, 258, 259, 261, 267

common law 6

Communist Party 111

Congress Party 110, 111, 115, 119, 236

Constitution xiv, 4, 13, 102, 174, 181, 215, 218, 220, 221, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 242, 246, 247, 250, 251, 268

contract 26, 45, 93, 199

coparcenary 97, 98, 99

corporate groups 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 58, 62, 68, 70, 91, 93

cosmopolitanism xii, 4, 18, 19, 20, 58, 169

criminal law 9, 62, 65, 90, 93

custom 32, 33, 47, 58, 59, 60, 67, 76, 77, 85, 89, 94, 95, 96, 107, 110, 112, 114, 115, 125, 139, 141, 190, 254, 266

customary law 6

Daka 51,

Dalits 207, 212, 216, 217, 221, 226, 227, 233, 245, 248, 267

See also Untouchables

daa 71, 72, 267

See also punishment

Daaviveka 54

Dyabhga 53, 54, 84, 87, 97

Deccan 55, 154, 155, 156, 162, 164, 209, 210

deed 5, 64, 65, 67, 177, 190

Delhi xiii, 12, 22, 23, 156, 165, 213, 214, 215, 221, 227, 230, 231, 271, 282, 284, 294

Delhi Sultanate xiii, 22,

Derrett, J. D. M. 17, 26, 52, 53, 54, 60, 62, 67, 70, 79, 85, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 107, 185, 203, 255, 256, 277, 284, 296

Deshmukh Act See Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act (1937)

Devagiri 55, 155, 162

Devaabhaa 54, 59, 155

devasva 201, 203,

Dharmadvaitaniraya 135

dharmastra (text) xii, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 60, 75, 79, 80, 81, 83, 123, 126, 174, 200, 267, 269

Dharmastra (tradition) xii, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 87, 105, 109, 111, 112, 118, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 146, 149, 152, 154, 158, 161, 162, 165, 166, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 196, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 216, 267, 268, 282

dharmastra 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 49, 50, 53, 63, 269

digest 25, 53, 55, 81, 129, 135, 136, 154, 155, 159, 162, 168, 268

divorce 25, 96, 110, 115, 214, 239, 240, 256

divya 45, 64, 146, 147, 267

See also ordeal

dowry 96

Dubois, Abbé J. A. 67, 278

East India Company 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 86, 204

Ellis, Francis Whyte 84, 278

Elphinstone, Mountstuart 60, 61, 65, 67, 71, 85, 278, 281

exegesis 6, 32, 33, 127, 139, 201

expiation 65, 74, 166, 171, 186, 268

family law 24, 62, 88, 89, 90, 262

See also personal law

Fiji xiii, 13, 253, 258, 259, 260, 265

fiqh 22

Fitzgerald, James 32, 278

Ggbhaa 155, 156, 157, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,

Gajapati 21, 155

Gandhi, Indira 114

Gautama xii, xv, 33, 38, 39, 40, 48, 51, 53, 56, 57, 146, 288

gender 9, 90, 95, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 216, 227, 231, 232,

Government of India Act (1935) 218, 220

Govindacandra 55

Govindarja 53

ghyastra 29, 30, 31, 54

guild 20, 88, 152,

Gujarat 24, 162, 174, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 272,

Gundert, Hermann 65, 67

Guptas 19

guh 68

Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey 25, 79, 279

Haradatta 53

Hrta 38, 40, 51,

Hastings, Warren xiii, 25, 58, 78, 79, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 106, 114, 117, 204, 291

Heitzman, James 21, 173, 280

Hemdri 54, 55, 134, 136, 155

high court 86, 211

Hiltebeitel, Alf 32, 280

Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956) xiv, 105, 262

Hindu Code xiv, 9, 26, 105, 108, 109, 110, 255, 256

Hindu Code Bills 9, 26, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119,

Hindu Council of Australia 265, 280

Hindu Forum of Britain 261, 280

Hindu Gains of Learning Act (1930) 98

Hindu Mahasabha 111,

Hindu marriage 95, 101, 110, 115

Hindu Marriage and Divorce Act (1955) xiv, 105

Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956) xiv, 105

Hindu Succession Act (1956) xiv, 105

Hindu Widows Remarriage Act (1856) xiii, 96, 108

Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act (1937) xiv, 108

Hinduism 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 20, 21, 93, 101, 111, 112, 116, 117, 119, 124, 193, 200, 207, 209, 219, 223, 234, 235, 243, 244, 245, 253, 259, 260, 261, 264, 265,

and law 2, 7

identity 9, 12, 24, 25, 52, 87, 105, 109, 110, 111, 114, 117, 119, 148, 205, 219, 223, 224, 233, 235, 238, 239, 242, 245, 248, 252, 255, 256, 257, 258

Immigration and Nationality Act 264

inheritance 20, 24, 25, 53, 54, 79, 83, 87, 90, 92, 93, 98, 110, 113, 116, 140, 166, 239, 255, 262

initiation 39, 54

injunction

legal 162

ritual 34, 35, 36, 130, 131, 132, 141, 149, 202,

Innes, Lewis C. 84, 281, 288

intestate 110, 113, 116

Islam 2, 22, 52, 220, 241, 247, 253

Islamic law 22, 67

Jainism 4, 116, 123

jti 34, 59, 140, 155, 161, 162, 163, 216,

See also caste

Jew 110, 116

Jmtavhana 53, 54, 84, 97

Johnson, Lyndon 264

joint family 96, 97, 98, 109, 110, 113, 115, 116, 255

Jones, Sir William xiii, 25, 80, 81, 83, 275, 282

Judaism 2

judge 20, 26, 69, 76, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 95, 181, 205, 263

Judicial Plan of 1772 xiii, 25, 58, 78, 79, 87, 88,

jurisdiction 6, 20, 21, 25, 55, 58, 68, 69, 70, 73, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 102, 137, 211, 249, 255, 256

jurisprudence 5, 7, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 34, 44, 47, 48, 60, 73, 95, 104, 123, 138, 139, 175, 177, 210

juristic personality 11, 196, 204, 205, 206, 208, 210

justice 5, 6, 12, 65, 67, 73, 74, 76, 81, 82, 87, 88, 114, 119, 148, 150, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 192, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 222, 250, 268

Klaniraya 54

Kalelkar Commission 220, 273

Kalya 84, 156, 167, 168, 169, 174, 182

Kaly 155

Kane, Pandurang Vaman 17, 28, 30, 44, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 61, 66, 67, 70, 84, 169, 174, 282

Kashmir 46, 47, 52, 56, 168, 178

Ktyyana xii, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 38, 49, 50, 51, 57, 59, 149, 290

Ktyyana Smti 50

Kauilya xv, 5, 8, 45, 63, 141, 150

Kyastha 160, 163, 164, 166

Kennedy, Justice Anthony 196, 206,

Kerala 21, 61, 65, 66, 68, 75,

king 6, 31, 32, 36, 39, 41, 43, 45, 48, 55, 59, 61, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 190, 199, 208, 210, 211, 213, 267, 268,

kingship 21, 164, 170, 172, 173, 174, 181

Konkan (Kokaa) 155

Ktyakalpataru 54, 134, 136

Katriya 43, 150, 155, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166, 174, 175, 270

Kulke, Hermann 21, 253, 283, 297

Kullka xv, 53, 201, 296

Lakmdhara 54, 55, 134, 136

Lariviere, Richard W. xv, 32, 47, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 94, 146, 149, 185, 190, 283

Latin 19, 86, 87, 266

law and religion See religion and law

legal pluralism 5, 12, 17, 27, 90, 91, 142, 255

legal procedure xii, 5, 19, 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61, 63, 138, 144, 175

legal uniformity 117, 243

Legislative Council 108

Lekhapaddhati xv, 8, 23, 64, 66, 145, 147, 290, 294

Likhita 48, 51

Lingat, Robert 17, 23, 28, 30, 31, 44, 47, 51, 56, 58, 59, 60, 70, 134, 142, 175, 201, 210, 284

local law 60, 68, 140, 266

Lok Sabha 110, 111, 112

Luce–Cellar Act (1946) 264

Macnaghten, Francis Workman 87, 284

Macnaghten, William Hay 85, 86, 87, 284

Madanaratna 54

Mdhava 48, 53, 54, 55, 133, 134

Madhva 135

Madras (Chennai) 67, 69, 76, 84, 85, 86, 94, 218,

Maharashtra 65, 68, 156, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 210, 224, 243, 244, 246, 250, 272

maintenance 22, 25, 97, 100, 110, 171, 172, 173, 177, 239, 240, 242

Mnava Dharmastra (Manu Smti) xii, xv, 32, 33, 43, 59, 62, 63, 68, 70, 71, 80, 99, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 136, 138, 140, 143, 144, 146, 150, 152, 153, 174, 175, 176, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 200, 201, 203, 266, 270, 296

See also Manu

Mandal Commission 220, 228, 246, 267, 273

Manu xii, xiii, 18, 33, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 80, 87, 112, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 133, 140, 144, 146, 149, 153, 169, 174, 175, 190, 200, 201, 203, 205, 216, 288

maha 20, 68

Maurya 19, 29, 31, 38, 42, 43

Medhtithi xv, 32, 51, 52, 53, 129, 132, 149, 185, 203, 206, 282

merchants 19, 68, 201, 253, 255

Mms 10, 31, 32, 33, 123, 124, 126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 149, 161, 201, 202, 203, 204

Mmsaka 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135

Mitkar xvi, 24, 53, 72, 84, 97, 110, 115, 147, 155, 168, 169, 170, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 289

Mithil 44, 156, 165

mortgage 22, 62, 65, 66, 67, 70, 97, 98

Mughal 22, 72, 75, 78, 164, 165

mla 5, 32, 141

Muluk Ain xv, 73, 74, 75, 292,

Muslim xiv, 22, 24, 26, 65, 69, 79, 86, 89, 90, 102, 103, 107, 110, 116, 117, 118, 162, 205, 217, 235, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 250,

Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act xiv, 241, 242

Nrada xii, 44, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 74, 141, 282

Nrada Smti

Nrada Smti xv, 47, 59, 63, 141

See also Nrada

Naarja 195, 196, 197, 206

natural law 77, 187

Nayars 96

Nehru, Jawaharlal 109, 110, 111, 115, 119, 230, 232, 287

Nelson, James Henry 60, 84, 88, 281, 288,

Nepal 8, 21, 24, 61, 64, 68, 74, 75, 76, 207, 225,

nibandha 28, 53, 55, 154, 155, 157, 161, 163, 166, 268

Nlakaha 54

nyya 126, 210, 292

oath 45, 143, 146, 147, 148, 185, 212, 267, 269

See also apatha

OBC See Backward Classes

Olivelle, J. Patrick viii, xv, xvi, 8, 17, 18, 28, 29, 31, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 56, 57, 63, 81, 137, 169, 174, 175, 187, 188, 200, 216, 266, 284, 288

ordeal 45, 72, 74, 143, 146, 147, 148, 183, 184, 185, 186, 267

See also divya

Orissa 21, 78, 133

ownership 75, 83, 99, 100, 198, 203, 205, 206, 228

Paithan 162, 164

pañcyat 68, 70

pandit (pundit) 8, 25, 26, 28, 53, 55, 58, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 94, 148, 162, 165, 205, 268, 270

Parara xii, xv, 47, 48, 51, 53, 57, 133, 134

Parara Smti xii, 47

Parliament 105, 110, 111, 115, 118

Parsi 90, 110, 116

partition 92, 97, 98, 235, 245

patronage 53, 55, 154, 156

penance 38, 39, 40, 45, 48, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 141, 171, 183, 186, 268

See also expiation, pryacitta

personal law xiii, 8, 9, 24, 25, 26, 27, 63, 70, 78, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105–19, 235, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 251, 255, 256,

pilgrimage 54

Pollock, Sheldon 18, 19, 21, 29, 34, 41, 55, 126, 127, 155, 162, 169, 172, 180, 184, 289, 295

Pondicherry (Puducherry) xi, 76

Prabhoo, Ramesh Yeshwant 243, 244, 245, 272

prama 10, 33, 35, 36, 37, 61, 63, 67, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 152, 153, 268

pryacitta 45, 48, 72, 73, 74, 171, 187, 267, 268

Privy Council 84, 85, 86, 262

progressives 116, 117

property 11, 22, 26, 38, 43, 50, 70, 74, 76, 83, 89, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 109, 110, 113, 116, 144, 150, 166, 175, 195, 197, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 210, 228, 229, 264

Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) 221

punishment 54, 62, 65, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 148, 150, 151, 152, 166, 177, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 203, 267

daa

purification 54

Rghavnanda xv, 53

Raghunandana xiii, xv, 156, 185, 283

rjadharma 6, 19, 155, 164, 174, 175, 268

Rajya Sabha 110, 111

Rmajaya Tarklakra 86, 290

Rraka 21

religion and law 1, 7, 10, 13, 15, 105, 117

remarriage 96, 102, 110

Representation of the People Act (1951) 243, 244

ritual 2, 6, 29, 30, 31, 33, 38, 40, 54, 72, 73, 76, 100, 123, 125, 137, 139, 148, 149, 152, 155, 158, 161, 163, 164, 166, 167, 173, 175, 176, 177, 184, 185, 186, 191, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 208, 209, 211, 212, 216, 268

Roy, Rammohan 108

sabh 69, 73, 76, 199, 268,

brahmasabh 68, 70, 71, 162,

dharmasabh 68, 73,

gotasabh 68

jtisabh 68, 71, 73

rjasabh 68

skin 63, 66, 71, 143

Savarta 51,

sagha 68, 140

akarabhaa 135, 136

akha 48, 51,

Sanskrit vii, viii, xii, 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 34, 41, 42, 52, 58, 60, 61, 66, 73, 74, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 92, 94, 98, 99, 138, 139, 145, 152, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 169, 172, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 188, 197, 205, 210, 266, 269, 289,

apatha 45, 146, 269

See also oath

sana (royal edict) 6, 63, 64, 150

stra 4, 28, 29, 30, 36, 68, 76, 79, 86, 88, 112, 141, 142, 144, 149, 159, 160, 166, 170, 266, 267, 269,

str 99

ttapa 51

sat xiii, 48, 87, 101, 269,

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989) 221

Scheduled Castes 216, 218, 219, 220, 223, 230, 238, 268, 269

Shah Bano decision xiv, 240, 241, 242, 250, 271

Shiv Sena 243, 244, 245, 246,

Shivaji 65, 155, 156, 163, 164, 165

Sikhism 116

iva 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 203, 206, 207

Slavery Abolition Act (1833) xiii

smti 6, 33, 51, 81, 85, 99, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 144, 168, 171, 174, 269

Smticandrik 54, 59, 63, 155, 279, 293

Smtiratnkara 54

Sontheimer, Günter-Dietz 204, 205, 209, 210, 293, 296,

South Asia viii, 8, 19, 21, 58, 61, 62, 68, 74, 93, 107, 169, 172, 182, 225, 253, 261, 263, 264

rautastra 29, 30, 31

Strange, Sir Thomas 84, 85, 294

strdhana 99,

succession 9, 99, 109, 110, 113, 116, 174, 255

dra 10, 109, 143, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 270

dradharma 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 163, 165, 166,

ukranti 72

Supreme Court 12, 80, 82, 85, 215, 220, 222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 232, 234, 235, 237, 239, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250, 263

Talbot, Cynthia 21, 22, 173, 273, 294

Talmud 5–6

Tamil Nadu 21, 61, 76, 151, 206, 225, 262

temple xii, xiv, 7, 11, 12, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 58, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72, 76, 77, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 241, 243, 245, 246, 247, 259, 261, 262, 265

Thackeray, Bal 243, 247

Thorat Committee 215

traders 19, 68, 254,

Truman, Harry 264

Untouchables 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 226, 238, 245, 267

urbanization 20

Uanas 51,

Vcaspatimira 54, 156

Vaikhnasa Smrtastra xii

Vaiava Dharmastra (Viu Smti) xii, xvi, 46, 48, 56, 61, 63, 200

Viu (author)

Varadarja 54

Vardhamna 54

vara 39, 43, 216,

See also caste

Vasiha xii, xvi, 38, 40, 41, 51, 53, 56, 57, 288

Veda, Vedic 4, 6, 10, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 46, 52, 54, 68, 70, 73, 77, 112, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146, 149, 152, 153, 158, 161, 164, 200, 201, 202, 203, 216, 269

Venkasawmy Row, T. A. 86, 296

vidhi 131, 132, 202,

Vijñnevara xvi, 24, 53, 84, 97, 132, 147, 155, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 289

Vikramditya 167, 168, 170, 174, 179, 180,

Viu (author) xii, xvi, 43, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 57, 200, 289

Viu (deity) 147, 164, 167, 198, 200, 203

Vivdacintmai 54

Voltaire 296

Vysa 51, 63, 133, 146

vyavahra 6, 38, 45, 46, 48, 50, 59, 138, 141, 142, 175, 177, 179

Vyavahraniraya 54

Vyavasth 82, 86

Vyavasthsagraha 86

Warangal 155

Weber, Max 117, 118, 172, 296, 297

Wezler, Albrecht 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 59, 297

widow’s estate 99

witness 45, 47, 56, 63, 66, 67, 69, 71, 144, 249

Yjñavalkya xvi, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 81, 84, 97, 125, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 144, 147, 155, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175

Yjñavalkya Smti

Yjñavalkya Smti xii, xvi, 59, 61, 63, 68, 70, 72, 132, 150, 289, 294

See also Yjñavalkya

Yama 51, 147