Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Āgamaprāmāṇya (Yamuna),
146
Akṣapaṭala (Bureau of Official Records),
5
Analysis of Texts of Revelation (smṛtiviveka) (Medhatithi),
121
anumitaśruti (inferred Vedic texts),
23,
31–32
Apastamba,
14,
51–52;
dharma term in,
16; on epistemology of dharma,
21–24,
36,
52–55,
62,
65,
76; on legal procedure,
181–82; text selections,
52–55,
182Aphoristic Ritual Text (Apastamba),
52
Aphoristic Ritual Text (Baudhayana),
61
bhakti (devotional) tradition,
34,
84
Brahmanical exceptionalism: and cultured elite concept,
23,
24,
28; and
dharma term,
12–13; and legal assembly,
28; Manu on,
74,
76,
191,
199; and power,
19–20,
26; Vasistha on,
66; Yajnavalkya on,
82Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, 10
buddhavacana (words of the Buddha),
29
change, rules of,
3,
34–38; Devanna Bhatta on,
174–77; Manu on,
36,
38,
76,
80;Parasara on,
36,
85,
86–87The Concept of Law (Hart),
2
cultured elite (
śiṣṭa): Baudhayana on,
28–29,
62,
63; Gautama on,
28; Manu on,
76,
79; Patanjali on,
22,
24,
56; Vasistha on,
28–29.
See also Brahmanical exceptionalism
Dāyabhāga (Jimutavahana),
145
Devanna Bhatta on epistemology of dharma:norms,
47; rules of change,
174–77;territorial variation,
172–74; text selections,
162–77; texts of recollection,
161–64Devanna Bhatta on legal procedure,
42; beginning of the trial,
283–91; burden of proof,
314–19; elements (feet),
272–79;evidence,
319–20; nature of legal procedure,
269–72; plaints,
291–301; pleas,
301–13;retrial,
329–33; text selections,
269–333;trial venues,
279–82; verdicts,
320–28devotional (
bhakti) tradition,
34,
84documentary evidence (
lekhya),
43–44; Kautilya on,
43,
191; Medhatithi on,
236–39,
240; Narada on,
219,
225–26; Yajnavalkya on,
43,
182,
210,
216
epistemology of dharma,
3,
16–34; Apastamba on,
21–24,
36,
51–55,
62,
65,
76; Baudhayana on,
28–29,
45,
61–64,
66; Bharuci on,
45,
107–8; and Brahmanical exceptionalism,
19–20,
26; and dharma as term,
16–19; fifth–ninth century commentators on,
31–34; Gautama on,
26–29,
45,
59–61,
62,
63,
65,
182; Govindaraja on,
142; and
karma,17–18; Kulluka on,
143–44; Kumarila Bhatta on,
96–97; legal digests on,
140–41;and legal procedure,
27–28,
39,
44–47,
81,
200,
243; and merit,
18–19,
25; Nandana on,
143; Parasara on,
36,
81–82,
85–87; Patanjali on,
21,
22,
23,
24–25,
55–56,
62,
63; phases of,
20–21; Sabara on,
31–32,
89–96; and science of dharma,
19–20; Vasistha on,
28–29,
65–68,
75; Vijnanesvara on,
37–38,
141,
145,
146; Vishnu text on,
84–85; Yajnavalkya on,
30,
39,
82–83.
See also Apararka on epistemology of dharma;
change, rules of;
Devanna Bhatta on epistemology of dharma;
Kumarila Bhatta on epistemology of dharma;
Manu on epistemology of dharma;
Visvarupa on epistemology of dharmaevidence,
43–44; Apastamba on,
182; Devanna Bhatta on,
319–20; Kautilya on,
43,
191; Medhatithi on,
236–39,
240; Narada on,
43,
219–20,
224–26,
227–28; Vijnanesvara on,
242–43,
260–68; Yajnavalkya on,
43,
182,
210,
213,
216.
See also witnessesexpiation (
prāyaścitta),
39,
82
Gautama,
14; commentaries on,
60; on epistemology of dharma,
26–29,
45,
59–61,
62,
63,
65,
182; on legal procedure,
27–28,
42,
59,
182–84; as source for Manu,
73,
75;text selections,
60–61,
183–84
inferred Vedic texts (
anumitaśruti),
23,
31–32
kaṇṭakaśodhana courts,
192
Kautilya: on
Aryas, 23; on domains of law,
5–7; on multiplicity of dharmas,
4,
5–6,
26; and political science tradition,
4,
5,
192; as source for Yajnavalkya,
82,
210; text selections,
70–72,
192–99.
See also Kautilya on legal procedureKautilya on legal procedure,
7–8,
42,
189–92; composition of,
69; corruption,
198–99; elements (feet),
72,
196; evidence,
43,
191; interrogation of the accused,
196–98;
kaṇṭakaśodhana courts,
192; official court roles,
182,
189–90,
191; plaints,
191,
193–94; popularity of,
209; as source for Manu,
73,
74,
189,
199,
200; as source for Yajnavalkya,
210; technical terms,
42,
190–91,
192; text selections,
192–99; titles of law,
41;
vyavahāra term meanings,
40,
190; witnesses,
191,
194–96Kumarila Bhatta on epistemology of dharma: lost Veda,
32,
33,
96; scriptures outside the Veda,
76,
97,
101–4,
141; texts of recollection,
32,
83,
90,
96–101legal assembly (
pariṣad): Baudhayana on,
62,
63–64; Gautama on,
28,
60–61,
62; Manu on,
76,
79–80; Vasistha on,
66,
67;Yajnavalkya on,
83legal procedure (
vyavahāra),
3–4; Apastamba on,
181–82; Baudhayana on,
45,
185–86; Bharuci on,
233–34; elements (feet) of,
42–44,
72,
196,
210,
220–21,
255,
272–79; and epistemology of dharma,
27–28,
39,
44–47,
81; Gautama on,
27–28,
42,
59,
182–84; Medhatithi on,
235–41,
243; metaphors for,
42; overview,
38–44; and political science tradition,
192; titles of law,
40,
41,
42,
199; Vasistha on,
183,
186–88,
199;
vyavahāra term meanings,
7,
39–40,
182,
190.
See also Kautilya on legal procedure;
Manu on legal procedure;
Narada on legal procedure;
technical terms in legal procedure;
Vijnanesvara on legal procedure;
Yajnavalkya on legal procedure
Manu on epistemology of dharma,
29–30,
74–75; and Brahmanical exceptionalism,
74,
76; legal assembly,
76,
79–80; normative practice,
18,
30,
75,
76,
80,
199–200; rules of change,
36,
38,
76,
80;sacred geography,
63,
75,
78; scriptures outside the Veda,
76; text selections,
76–80; texts of recollection,
27,
28,
29,
30,
78,
89; Veda as source of law,
75,
77,
78–79; and Yajnavalkya,
82–83Manu on legal procedure,
199–201; and Brahmanical exceptionalism,
191,
199; enjoyment,
208; evidence,
43; Kautilya as source for,
73,
74,
189,
199,
200; oaths,
44,
201,
208; official court roles,
199,
200,
201–2; plaints,
203; as source for Narada,
219; as source for Yajnavalkya,
210;technical terms,
42,
200,
201; text selections,
201–8; titles of law,
40,
41,
199; verdicts,
201,
218;
vyavahāra term meanings,
183; witnesses,
200–201,
204–7Manvarthamuktāvalī (Kulluka),
143–44
Medhatithi on epistemology of dharma: and dharma as term,
17; lost Veda,
32; norms,
45–47,
122,
235–36,
240,
241; Puranas,
141; rules of change,
37; scriptures outside the Veda,
107; text selections,
123–39; texts of recollection,
33–34,
122,
124; Veda as source of law,
31,
44Moonlight of Texts of Recollection (Devanna Bhatta),
269–333.
See also Devanna Bhatta multiplicity of dharmas,
17,
19; Apastamba on,
23–24; Gautama on,
182–83; Kautilya on,
4,
5–6,
26; and legal procedure,
39,
45,
182–83,
220; Narada on,
220
Narada on legal procedure,
42,
218–20;elements (feet),
220–21; evidence,
43,
219–20,
224–26,
227–28; Manu as source for,
219; and multiplicity of dharmas,
220; norms,
47; on rules of change,
38; text selections,
220–32; titles of law,
41;verdicts,
223;
vyavahāra term meanings,
40; witnesses,
226–27,
228–31normative practice (
ācāra): Apastamba on,
21–23; Baudhayana on,
62–63,
90; Gautama on,
27,
28; Manu on,
18,
30,
75,
76,
80,
199–200; Medhatithi on,
122; Patanjali on,
22,
24–25; and rules of change,
36,
37;Vasistha on,
29,
65,
66,
67–68; Yajnavalkya on,
39,
82.
See also norms
official court roles: Apastamba on,
181–82; Gautama on,
183; Kautilya on,
182,
189–90,
191; Manu on,
199,
200,
201–2; Vasistha on,
186; Yajnavalkya on,
211
Patanjali,
14,
16; on epistemology of dharma,
21,
22,
23,
24–25,
55–56,
62,
63; text selections,
56–58perceived Vedic texts (
pratyakṣaśruti),
31prāyaścitta (expiation),
39,
82
Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā Sūtra, 89,
96
pūrvapakṣa (opponents),
88
royal authority: Apastamba on,
181–82; and
dharma term,
9,
10; Gautama on,
182–83;Manu on,
199,
200; Vasistha on,
186; Yajnavalkya on,
211
sacred geography: Baudhayana on,
28–29,
62,
63,
65; Manu on,
63,
75,
78; Patanjali on,
22,
56,
63; Vasistha on,
28–29,
66–67science of dharma,
13–15; and
dharma term,
10–11,
12–13; documentary lacunae in,
105,
106; early commentators overview,
105–7; and epistemology of dharma,
16–17,
19–20,
31,
33; institutional settings for,
4,
5; legal digests,
15,
105–6; Manu on,
30;phases of,
14–15,
20–21; and theory vs. practice,
13; and Vedic exegesis,
7,
13,
89,
106.
See also specific authorsscriptures outside the Veda (
vedabāhyāḥ śrutayaḥ),
140–41; Apararka on,
34,
140,
146,
148–61; Kumarila Bhatta on,
76,
97,
101–4,
141; Medhatithi on,
107; Visvarupa on,
107.
See also Buddhism;
PuranasSmṛtimañjarī (Govindaraja),
142
subjects of litigation (titles of law),
40,
41,
42,
199
technical terms in legal procedure,
44; in Apastamba,
181; in Baudhayana,
185;in Gautama,
182,
183; in Kautilya,
42,
190–91,
192; in Manu,
42,
200,
201; and metaphors,
42; in Vasistha,
186; in Yajnavalkya,
210territorial variation: Apastamba on,
65;Baudhayana on,
45,
62–63,
64,
66; Devanna Bhatta on,
172–74; and legal procedure,
45; Sabara on,
90; Vasistha on,
65–66texts of recollection (
smṛti),
14; Baudhayana on,
28,
61–62; and Buddhism,
107; Devanna Bhatta on,
161–64; fifth–ninth century commentators on,
31–34; Gautama on,
26,
27,
59; grammatical texts as,
56; Kumarila Bhatta on,
32,
83,
90,
96–101; legal digests on,
141; Manu on,
27,
28,
29,
30,
78,
89; Medhatithi on,
33–34,
122,
124; Puranas included in,
141; Sabara on,
31–32,
89–90,
91–96; Vasistha on,
28; Visvarupa on,
109–10,
111,
115,
118; Yajnavalkya on,
82–83.
See also epistemology of dharma;
lost Veda;
specific authorstitles of law (subjects of litigation),
40,
41,
42,
199transcendental motives for dharma,
23Treatise on Politics (Arthaśāstra) (Kautilya),
70–72.
See also Kautilya
Vacanamālā (Garland of Teachings), 109
Vasistha,
14; commentaries on,
15; on epistemology of dharma,
28–29,
65–68,
75;on legal procedure,
183,
186–88,
199; text selections,
66–68,
186–88Veda as source of law,
3,
7; Apastamba on,
21,
22,
23; Baudhayana on,
61; and Buddhism,
16–17; fifth–ninth century commentators on,
31–34; Gautama on,
26–27,
59,
182; and inferred Vedic texts,
23,
31–32; and legal procedure,
39,
44,
182,
200,
243; Manu on,
75,
77,
78–79; and multiplicity of dharmas,
19,
24,
26,
183;and power,
19–20,
26; and recitation,
29;and rules of change,
35; Sabara on,
89;Visvarupa on,
31Vedic exegesis,
88–89; Baudhayana on,
62; and
dharma term,
9,
10–11; on epistemology of dharma,
33; on nature of Veda,
19; and science of dharma,
7,
13,
89,
106; on Veda as source of law,
31.
See also specific authorsVijnanesvara on legal procedure: and British colonial courts,
145,
210;counteraccusations,
255–58; elements (feet),
255; evidence,
242–43,
260–68; plaints,
245–48,
249; pleas,
248,
249–54,
255; text selections,
243–68; verdicts,
268Visvarupa on epistemology of dharma,
106–7; lost Veda,
32–33,
113; Puranas,
141; rules of change,
37; scriptures outside the Veda,
76; texts of recollection,
109–10,
111,
115,
118; Veda as source of law,
31Vyavahāracintāmaṇi (Vacaspati Misra),
269
Wishing Tree of Duties (Laksmidhara),
15
witnesses (
sākṣin),
43; Apastamba on,
182; Baudhayana on,
185–86; Gautama on,
183,
184; Kautilya on,
191,
194–96; Manu on,
200–201,
204–7; Narada on,
226–27,
228–31;Vasistha on,
187–88; Yajnavalkya on,
214–16
Yajnavalkya on legal procedure,
39,
42,
82,
209–11; elements (feet),
210; evidence,
43,
182,
210,
213,
216; ordeals,
44,
210,
217–18; technical terms,
210; text selections,
211–18; titles of law,
40,
41; witnesses,
214–16