Note citations are provided for all quotations and many of the facts and figures presented in the text. The major exceptions are charts and other election-related statistics, which are not footnoted. They have been derived from the source material listed in the first section of the bibliography. Nor are any notes given for the final two chapters, which are based solely on those same statistical sources.
1. Smith, Thomas E. Dewey and His Times, 90.
2. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 218.
3. Smith, Thomas E. Dewey and His Times, 273.
4. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 125.
5. Manchester, The Glory and the Dream, 461.
6. McCullough, Truman, 801.
7. American Heritage (November 1998).
8. Smith, Thomas E. Dewey and His Times, 515.
9. Ibid., 643.
10. Ibid., 546.
11. Los Angeles Times (July 17, 2013).
12. Time (July 31, 1989).
13. New York Times (November 7, 2012).
14. Reuters website (February 4, 2013).
15. Forbes (July 15, 2013).
16. Washington Post (December 7, 2012).
17. Reuters website (January 3, 2012).
18. Silver, The Signal and the Noise, 77.
19. Huffington Post website (June 15, 2012).
20. Esquire (April 2006).
21. Time (May 8, 2006).
22. New York Post (June 1, 2008).
23. Time (November 7, 2012).
24. Thomas, Leveling the Field, 53, 245.
25. New York (April 26, 2010).
26. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 127–128.
27. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 1: 4.
28. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 19.
29. Federal Election Commission website.
30. Freeman, George Washington, Volume 6: 368–369.
31. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 16–17.
32. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics website.
33. Thomas, A New World to Be Won, 33.
34. Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest, 23.
35. Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 249.
36. Tarr and Benenson, Elections A to Z, 173.
37. Lindley, Degrees Kelvin, 294.
1. Wall Street Journal (June 26, 2010).
2. Ornstein, Class Counts, 46.
3. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 21.
4. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 1: 89.
5. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, American, 80.
6. Wall Street Journal (June 26, 2010).
7. Remini, Henry Clay, Statesman for the Union, 253.
8. Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy, 234.
9. Greenfield, Then Everything Changed, xi–xii.
10. Freeman, George Washington, Volume 6: 163.
11. Ibid., 153.
12. Flexner, Washington: The Indispensable Man, 170.
13. New York Times (March 21, 2011).
14. Newsweek (October 7, 2008).
15. Siena College website (July 1, 2010).
16. Freeman, George Washington, Volume 6: 154.
17. Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power, 263.
18. Flexner, Washington: The Indispensable Man, 346.
19. Smith, John Adams, 880.
20. New Republic (January 1, 1962).
21. McCullough, John Adams, 549.
22. Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power, 302.
23. Ibid., 340.
24. Ibid., 401.
25. White, The Making of the President, 1972, 178.
26. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 1: 168.
27. Zahniser, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 253.
28. Ibid., 170.
29. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 27.
30. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 9.
31. Brant, The Fourth President, 525.
32. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 1: 301.
33. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 10.
34. Ibid.
35. Calore, The Causes of the Civil War, 41.
36. Ibid., 39–40.
37. American Presidency Project website.
38. Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States, 51.
39. Hart, James Monroe, 75.
40. Parsons, The Birth of Modern Politics, 40.
41. Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy, 254.
42. Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 28.
43. Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy, 538.
44. Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 98.
45. Bemis, John Quincy Adams and the Union, 138.
46. Taranto and Leo, Presidential Leadership, 40–41.
47. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 21.
48. Morgan, Lions of the West, 403.
49. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 257–258.
50. Guardian (September 12, 2012).
51. Elias, Minority Nationalist Parties and European Integration, 44.
52. Guardian (September 12, 2012).
53. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party, 38–39.
54. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 21.
55. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party, 40.
1. Chambers and Burnham, The American Party Systems, 109.
2. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 2: 1400.
3. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 415.
4. Havighurst, Ohio, 179.
5. Dyer, Zachary Taylor, 185.
6. Woodford, Lewis Cass, The Last Jeffersonian, 264.
7. Washington Post (December 15, 2008).
8. Gunderson, The Log Cabin Campaign, 126.
9. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 282.
10. Silbey, Martin Van Buren and the Emergence of American Popular Politics , 154.
11. Remini, Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 500.
12. Sellers, James K. Polk, Jacksonian, 492.
13. Niven, Martin Van Buren, 532.
14. Leuchtenburg, The White House Looks South, 76.
15. Dole, Great Presidential Wit, 209.
16. Wicker, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 10.
17. Siena College website (July 1, 2010).
18. Matthews, Kennedy and Nixon, 154.
19. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 222.
20. Scarry, Millard Fillmore, 132.
21 Remini, Daniel Webster, 736.
22 Ibid., 738.
23. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 265.
24. Holt, Franklin Pierce, 45.
25. DeGregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, 197.
26. Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom, 20.
27. Boller, Presidential Anecdotes, 116.
28. Stahr, Seward, 174.
29. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 296.
30. New York (August 23, 1976).
31. Delbanco, The Portable Abraham Lincoln, 343.
32. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 45.
33. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, 442.
34. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 664.
35. Smith, Grant, 456.
36. Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 260.
37. Morgan, From Hayes to McKinley, 486.
38. New York Times (November 9, 1995).
39. Wicker, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 9.
40. Washington Post (May 25, 2012).
41. Stoddard, Horace Greeley, 290.
42. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 48.
43. United States House of Representatives, Counting Electoral Votes, 367.
44. Hoogenboom, Rutherford B. Hayes, 106.
45. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 234.
46. Lurie, Party Politics, 126.
47. American Bar Association Journal (November 1976).
48. Ibid.
49. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 51.
50. Ibid.
51. Volle, Clinton/Gore, 155.
52. Boston Globe (January 24, 2007).
53. New York Times (November 2, 2006).
54. Brands, Traitor to His Class, 211.
55. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 2: 1317.
56. Cashman, America in the Gilded Age, 264.
57. New Republic (September 25, 2012).
58. Jordan, Roscoe Conkling of New York, 421.
59. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 144.
60. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 2: 1581.
61. Sievers, Benjamin Harrison, 290.
62. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 55.
63. Ellis, Speaking to the People, 118.
64. Sievers, Benjamin Harrison, 426.
65. Abshire, A Call to Greatness, 27.
66. White, A Puritan in Babylon, 360.
67. American Presidency Project website.
68. Helferich, Theodore Roosevelt and the Assassin, 23.
69. Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, 436.
70. Bernanke, The Federal Reserve and the Financial Crisis, 14.
71. Koenig, Bryan, 199.
72. Joshi, H. L. Mencken on Religion, 211.
73. Catton, Mr. Lincoln’s Army, 53.
74. Smith, Thomas E. Dewey and His Times, 643.
75. V idal, United States, 724.
76. Phillips, William McKinley, 4.
77. Glad, The Trumpet Soundeth, 146.
78. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 60.
79. Koenig, Bryan, 308.
80. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 61.
81. Wooten, Dasher, 301.
82. W ill, The Woven Figure, 310.
83. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 184.
84. Goodwin, The Bully Pulpit, 408.
85. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 210.
86. Koenig, Bryan, 426.
87. Glad, The Trumpet Soundeth, 164.
88. Eaton, Henry Clay and the Art of American Politics, 171.
89. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 61.
1. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 96.
2. Rusher, The Rise of the Right, 59–61; Goldwater oral history.
3. Unger, Fighting Bob La Follette, 109.
4. Mead, How the Vote Was Won, 1.
5. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 244–245.
6. Gorman, Kefauver, 143.
7. Gardner, Departing Glory, 38–39.
8. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 89.
9. Morris, Colonel Roosevelt, 183.
10. Brands, T. R.: The Last Romantic, 716.
11. C-SPAN Booknotes website.
12. Link, Wilson: The Road to the White House, 475.
13. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 3: 2246.
14. Pusey, Charles Evans Hughes, 360.
15. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 237.
16. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 204.
17. Russell, The Shadow of Blooming Grove, 301.
18. Ibid., 559.
19. Boller, Presidential Campaigns, 212–213.
20. Russell, A City in Terror, 191.
21. Kluger, Simple Justice, 527.
22. Harbaugh, Lawyer’s Lawyer, 493.
23. DeGregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, 460.
24. United States Senate website.
25. New York Times (January 10, 1982).
26. Howe, The Political Culture of the American Whigs, 225.
27. Jeansonne, The Life of Herbert Hoover: Fighting Quaker, 1928–1933, 79.
28. Goldberg, Discontented America, 171.
29. Risjord, Giants in Their Time, 80.
30. Josephson and Josephson, Al Smith, 386.
31. Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression, 218.
32. New York Times (October 3, 1992).
33. American Presidency Project website.
34. Mink and O’Connor, Poverty in the United States, 25.
35. Thomas, A New World to Be Won, 257.
36. Schlesinger, The Politics of Upheaval, 538.
37. McCoy, Landon of Kansas, 208.
38. Schlesinger and Israel, History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–1968, Volume 3: 2841.
39. Dunn, 1940, 8–9.
40. Gallup website.
41. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 124.
42. Parmet and Hecht, Never Again, 237.
43. Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power, 439.
44. Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, 497.
45. McCoy, The Last of the Fathers, 14.
46. Hearn, Lincoln, the Cabinet, and the Generals, 264.
47. Dallek, Flawed Giant, 601.
48. Gallup website (December 17, 2002).
49. Ross, The Loneliest Campaign, 158.
50. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 129.
51. Wilson, Character Above All, 52.
52. Ross, The Loneliest Campaign, 143.
53. Globe and Mail (August 23, 2008).
54. Burns, All the News Unfit to Print, 108.
55. Sorensen, Kennedy, 128.
56. Baltimore Sun (August 11, 1996).
57. Chicago Tribune (November 3, 2004).
58. USA Today (June 24, 2012).
1. Jamieson, Packaging the Presidency, 141.
2. Finch oral history.
3. Thomas, A New World to Be Won, 282.
4. O’Brien oral history.
5. Salinger, With Kennedy, 56–59.
6. Lawrence oral history.
7. Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, 64–65.
8. Oakley, God’s Country, 416.
9. Time (August 15, 1960).
10. Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 569.
11. Wicker, One of Us, 224–226.
12. Branch, Pillar of Fire, 402.
13. Thompson, The New Mind of the South, 117.
14. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 283.
15. Washington Post (September 14, 1998).
16. Scammon and Wattenberg, The Real Majority, 192–193.
17. Barber, The Presidential Character, 135.
18. Strober and Strober, The Nixon Presidency, 32.
19. Gallup and Newport, The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 2004, 265.
20. O’Brien, No Final Victories, 320.
21. Thomas, The Pursuit of the White House, 163.
22. Witcover, Marathon, 110.
23. Russell, The Shadow of Blooming Grove, 314.
24. Witcover, Marathon, 109.
25. Cannon, Governor Reagan, 439.
26. Germond and Witcover, Blue Smoke and Mirrors, 21.
27. Reeves, President Reagan, 225–226.
28. Peirce, The People’s President, 42.
29. Ibid., 56.
30. Gallup website (January 18, 2013).
31. Berg, Wilson, 406.
32. Witcover, Crapshoot, 9.
33. Dallek, Flawed Giant, 44.
34. McCullough, John Adams, 389.
35. Bennett, The Race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton, 90.
36. Ibid., 109.
37. Roper Center for Public Opinion Research website.
38. New York Times (October 25, 1991).
39. New York Times (February 22, 1992).
40. United States Census Bureau website.
41. USA Today (May 11, 2001).
42. Washington Post (December 27, 2012).
43. Maraniss and Nakashima, The Prince of Tennessee, 296.
44. Baseball Reference website.
45. James, The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, 502.
46. Baseball Reference website.
47. Los Angeles Times (March 7, 2001).
48. Time (November 15, 2004).
49. Roper Center for Public Opinion Research website.
50. Branch, Parting the Waters, 882–883.
51. Sherman, No Place for a Woman, 181–183.
52. Historian of the House of Representatives website.
53. New York Times (June 25, 1972).
54. Chisholm, The Good Fight, 31–32.
55. Salon website (November 5, 2013).
56. Gallup website (June 21, 2012).
57. Baker, James Buchanan, 25–26; Time (May 17, 2012); Salon website (May 14, 2012).
58. Polling Report website.
59. Washington Post (November 16, 2011).