index
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
abortion, 40, 66
Adorno, Theodor, 5, 8, 37–40, 89–90, 93, 166, 182, 184, 190–91, 201, 206n5, 219n23; Aesthetic Theory, 18, 187; concept of Entkunstung, 190–91, 252n4; Minima Moralia, 53, 60, 241n32; “Toward a Theory of the Artwork,” 174–75
aesthetics, 5–6, 24, 51, 80–83, 163, 194; aestheticization of politics, 5, 87, 190–91, 208n11; feminine, 42, 121, 123–24, 139; militant, 2, 17, 42–44, 86–88, 92–93, 190–91
Agamben, Giorgio, 217n8
Agit 883 (journal), 55, 67
Akın, Fatih, 6, 192–193; Auf der anderen Seite/Yaşamın Kıyısında (The Edge of Heaven), 24, 194–98, 198, 200–202
Aktionsrat zur Befreiung der Frauen (Action Committee on the Liberation of Women), 131
al-Awlaki, Anwar, 14
alienation, 143, 186
al-Qaeda, 161, 186, 224n4
Alter, Nora, 237n22
Althusser, Louis, 121, 128–29
Amnesty International, 48, 197
Analysen zum Terrorismus, 8–10, 209n18
anarchism, 33, 75, 78, 149, 216n2
anti-aesthetic, 11, 171, 188
Antigone, 141, 183, 206n5, 230n4, 251n38; sequence in Deutschland im Herbst, 51, 61
anti-imperialism, 28, 31, 36, 53, 123, 151, 200
anti-Semitism, 68, 90, 228n36, 238n1; in RAF, 54–56, 70
anti-Zionism, 68, 228n36; in RAF, 54–56
APO. See Außerparlamentarische Opposition
Arafat, Yasser, 67
architecture, 76–77, 82, 100; motifs in Richter’s October 18, 1977, 105; of prisons and concentration camps, 102–5, 109–14, 120; and textiles, 107; in von Trotta’s Marianne and Juliane, 99–115
archives and archival documents, 19, 54–55, 64, 164, 224n2, 225n13
armed struggle, 16, 64–72; historical contexts of, 179–80; legacy of, 198–203; as symbolic, 92. See also militancy; terrorism
arson, 33, 77–81, 83–84, 93, 176, 199
Asad, Talal, 217n6
assassination: of Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics, 12, 19, 65, 229n40, 244n15; as option for women, 179, 183; as RAF tactic, 30. See also Herrhausen; Ponto; Rohwedder; Schleyer
Assayas, Olivier, 6
Auschwitz, 21, 34, 77, 150, 152, 206n5; architecture of, 102; compared to Stammheim Prison, 110–12
Außerparlamentarische Opposition (APO), 23, 32, 34–35, 39, 44, 55, 131, 216n2
Aust, Stefan, 56, 140, 214n47, 236n15
authoritarianism, 34–37, 53–54, 89–90, 102
Autonomen (group), 40, 88
autonomism, 6, 39
autonomy, 75, 87–90, 114–16, 180; and art, 190
avant-garde, 78, 80–81, 230n4; historical, 79, 81, 88. See also Dadaism; surrealism
Axel Springer AG, 35–36, 65, 162
 
Baader, Andreas: arrest of, 28; burial of, 48; criminal career, 33; death of, 45, 103, 216n5; direct actions, 33, 78–79, 93; freed by Meinhof and others, 34, 142, 151, 244n13; and Kunzelmann, 66; on language, 44; and leadership of RAF, 2; and media, 86; misogyny, 49; photographs of, 166, 169; trials of, 73, 79–81, 83
Baader-Meinhof group. See Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction or RAF)
baby carriage, as weapon, 40, 228n33
Bachmann, Ingeborg, Der Fall Franza (The Book of Franza), 124
Backes, Uwe, 226n14
Badiou, Alain, 4, 207n9, 213n35
Bakker-Schut, Pieter, 236n15
Baudrillard, Jean, 186
Bauer, Karin, 192
Baum, Kelly, 85
Baumann, Michael “Bommi,” 56; profiles of West German militants, 64, 227n25; Wie alles anfing (How It All Began), 45, 64–65
Beckman, Karen, 100
Behnisch, Günter, 107
Benjamin, Walter, 5, 174; “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” 208n11
Berendse, Gerrit-Jan, 43, 215n45, 220n37
Berlin: Bureau of Criminal Investigations, 69; Berlin Wall, 54, 59–60, 65, 70, 144
bewaffneter Kampf. See armed struggle
Beuys, Joseph, 162; Dürer, ich führe persönlich Baader + Meinhof durch die Dokumenta V (Dürer, I will personally guide Baader + Meinhof through Dokumenta V), 6, 7
Bezzel, Chris, 43
Biesenbach, Klaus, 163–64, 170, 185–86, 188
Bild (newspaper), 4, 35, 65, 87, 164
Black Panther Party and Black Nationalism, 13, 88, 251n49
Black September, 65, 224n15
Blumenstein, Ellen, 163
Bogerts, Bernhard, 243n8
Böll, Heinrich, 37, 48, 51; Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum), 61, 121, 221n46, 225n11
bombs and bombings, 27–28, 30–31, 59, 65, 67, 130, 137, 140, 185, 228n36; Babybombe, 27, 28, 40, 67; Frankfurt department stores, 33, 78–81, 92–93; Jewish Community Center (Berlin), 19, 65, 67–69, 90; Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie, Scotland), 161; Rote Zora, 210n22
Böse, Wilfried, 238n1
Bovenschen, Silvia, “Über die Frage: Gibt es eine ‘weibliche’ Ästhetik?” (“Is There a Feminine Aesthetic?”), 42
Brandt, Willy, 102, 118
Brecht, Bertolt, 5, 43, 239n15
Breton, André, 38; “Second Surrealist Manifesto,” 80
Bruhn, Joachim, 230n4
Bruno, Giuliana, 100–101, 115
Brustellin, Alf, 51
Buchloh, Benjamin, 45, 147, 167
built environment, 90, 99–100, 102, 115. See also architecture; textiles; urban planning
Bürgerinitiativen. See new social movements
Butler, Judith, 24, 183, 251n38, 251n40
 
Carlos the Jackal. See Sánchez, Ilich Ramírez
Chalayan, Hussein, 109
Christian Democratic Union (CDU), 145
chronology, 57, 72, 164–65, 168–71, 174
Chtcheglov, Ivan, 86
civil liberties, restrictions on, 31, 37, 69, 102, 114–15, 118, 179, 185, 199
Cloos, Hans Peter, 51
Cold War, 1, 18, 20, 29, 33, 39, 57, 72
collective action, 185, 190
Cologne-Ossendorf Prison, 97–99, 110, 139
Colvin, Sarah, 123, 151
communes, 152. See also Kommune I (KI)
concentration camps, 77, 102, 110–12; concentrationary space and images, 112, 114, 149–50; photographs of, 168–69. See also Auschwitz; Majdanek
consumerism, 75, 83, 85, 143–44, 156, 192, 233n46
consumption, 67, 148, 156
Cook, Peter, 109
counterculture, 64, 81, 140, 149, 152, 190
counterpublic sphere, 40–41, 165, 179, 182, 184, 187
counterterrorism, 100, 118, 166, 202, 252n5
Crawford, Karin, 49
Criminal Anarchists (Anarchistische Gewalttäter) wanted poster, 9
criminal justice, 57–58, 69, 103, 118
critical theory, 5–6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 38, 42, 82, 191, 247n41. See also Adorno; Habermas; Horkheimer; Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt)
Cronin, Audrey Kurth, 211n26, 253n9
culture industry, 18, 75, 87, 162, 174–75, 199
curatorial practice, 23, 55, 162, 164–66, 168–70, 175. See also documenta; Kunst-Werke Institute for Contemporary Art; Zur Vorstellung des Terrors: Die RAF
 
Daase, Christopher, 35
Dadaism, 5, 81, 88. See also avant-garde, historical
dance, 22, 138. See also Kresnik, Johann: Ulrike Meinhof; Tanztheater
D’Arcy, Steve, 213n34
Debord, Guy, 2, 20, 82–83, 100, 208n12; In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni, 73–75, 74, 86–87, 93; Society of the Spectacle, 77; suicide of, 93; “The Real Scission in the International,” 90–91. See also détournement
Debray, Régis, Revolution in the Revolution?, 36
DeLillo, Don, 6, 11, 188, 203; “Baader-Meinhof,” 45; Falling Man, 222n50; Mao II, 170, 187; White Noise, 170
Delius, Friedrich Christian: Deutscher Herbst trilogy, 120, 238n5; Mogadischu Fensterplatz (Windowseat at Mogadishu), 22–23, 119–35
della Porta, Donatella, 52
Demand, Thomas, 164
democracy, 75, 132, 156, 194, 202–3. See also militant democracy
demonstrations: against Frankfurt School, 37–39; mourning Meinhof’s death, 137, 141–42; against Shah of Iran, 34; state violence in response to, 34–37; against Vietnam War, 78. See also Easter March; Häuserkampf
denazification, 18, 53, 87, 128, 130
Derrida, Jacques, 121
Der Spiegel (news magazine), 4, 114, 141, 164
détournement (diversion, hijacking), 76. See also Debord; Situationist International
Deutschland im Herbst (Germany in Autumn), 17–18, 29, 45–48, 50, 51–52, 146, 171; Fassbinder’s performance in, 145–47, 157, 199–201; feminist critique of, 41; style of, 131
Devrimci Sol (group), 195, 211n28
dialectic, 39, 94, 180, 191; in Adorno, 8, 166, 182, 201; in Hegel, 182
dialectical mediation, 8, 191, 201
Diepgen, Eberhard, 229n46
die tageszeitung (newspaper), 14, 220n38
direct actions, 60–61, 189–90, 193, 215n48; of RAF, 5, 12, 18, 75, 176, 185, 187, 199. See also bombs and bombings; Far Left
disavowal, 28, 63, 112, 147, 149; in Freud, 248n47; of militancy, 149, 219n23; of racist violence, 55; of Western culture, 8, 43
documenta exhibition, 164, 175, 220n38, 247n38, 248n2; documenta V, 6, 7; documenta X, 161–62, 174, 250n25
documentary practice, 174–75, 203; in film, 131–32, 163; in visual art, 169, 187, 191–92
dominance, 100; cultural, 29, 57, 113, 163, 186; male, 135
Dürkop, Marlis, 201
Dürrenmatt, Friedrich, Der Auftrag (The Assignment), 22–23, 119–35
Dutschke, Rudi, 21, 39, 199; shooting of, 34–37, 65
 
Easter March, 35
East Germany. See German Democratic Republic (GDR)
Edel, Uli, Der Baader-Meinhof Komplex, 24, 87, 193
Elsaesser, Thomas, 71, 92, 193, 230n4; “Antigone Agonistes,” 206n5. See also urban guerrilla
Emma (news magazine), 11, 123, 201
empiricism, 131–32, 169, 203, 241n32
Ensslin, Felix, 163, 165, 221n45
Ensslin, Gudrun: and aesthetics, 43; burial of, 48; death of, 45, 103, 216n5; direct actions, 33, 78–79, 93; imprisonment, 101; and Kunzelmann, 66; leadership of RAF, 2, 42; and media, 4, 86; in Richter’s October 18, 1977, 46, 49; personal life, 53; photographs of, 18, 23, 105, 169; reputation, 122–23; as subject of von Trotta’s Marianne and Juliane, 20, 99; trial of, 73, 79–81, 83; on violence, 142, 201; writings, 49, 142, 201
Entebbe, Uganda, 238n1
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, 66, 227n27
Extraparliamentary Opposition. See Außerparlamentarische Opposition
 
Far Left, 3, 10, 36, 193–95; agency of, 114; as anti-intellectual, 197; and fascism, 3, 20, 89–90; and feminism, 8–11, 24, 37–40, 153, 200; lives of members, 53–72; move away from New Left, 110; rationale of, 186; sexual politics, 18, 66; victim status, 110–12. See also German Left; New Left
Farocki, Harun, 218n20
fascism, 33, 35, 54, 112, 128; and bourgeois family unit, 66; as expression of nationalism and capitalism, 119; and Far Left, 3, 20; and modernization, 76; New Left critique of, 64. See also “leftist fascism”; National Socialism; neofascism; Third Reich
fashion, 109, 192, 233n46, 237n22
Fassbinder, Rainer Werner, 2, 43, 48, 145–47, 198–201; anti-Semitism, 228n36; and Baader, 81; Die dritte Generation (The Third Generation), 198. See also Deutschland im Herbst
Fatah, 34, 67–68, 125, 141, 216n4, 224n4
Federal Criminal Police: expanded powers of, 118; RAF wanted posters, 8, 9
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG): cultural changes in, 5, 21, 29; legislation, 13, 36, 40, 84, 102, 114, 176, 235n13, 252n5; Ministry of the Interior, 8; negotiations with RAF, 226n19; parallels between South Vietnam and, 32–33; as police state, 100–102, 111, 115, 118; political parties, 21, 32, 55, 65, 141–42, 144–45, 202, 217n7, 238n2; principle of militant democracy in, 13; as RAF target, 28; Rechtsstaat, 31; restrictions on constitutional rights, 102, 114–15, 118, 179, 185, 199; state violence and repression, 31–37, 68–71, 89–91, 103, 147, 162; support for Israel, 35; Wirtschaft swunder, 76, 155
Feldman, Hans-Peter, Die Toten (The Dead), 163–67, 169, 171, 174, 176, 191, 200
femininity, 121, 123–24, 139
feminism, 4–5, 29; censure of political violence, 10, 23; equated with terrorism, 10, 42, 153, 210n21; and Far Left, 8–11, 24, 37–40, 153, 200; feminist aesthetics, 104; feminist theory, 52; and Frankfurt School, 39–40; and German Left, 151–52; and leftist militancy, 122–23; radical, 17, 51, 122; and significance of dishwashers, 84–86. See also sexual politics; women’s movement
Fichter, Albert, 67, 69
Fichter, Tilman, 70
Final Solution, 150. See also Holocaust
Fischer, Joschka, 23, 138, 141; body of, 144–45, 153–54; on feminism, 152–53, 201; Mein langer Laufzu mir selbst (memoir), 144, 145, 154; as militant, 148–49, 152
Fischer, Marc, 248n46
Flügge, Sibylla, 151
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper), 128, 164
Frankfurt School. See Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt)
Frauenbewegung. See feminism; women’s movement
Frauen und Film (journal), 132, 219n30
Freud, Sigmund, 247n41, 248n47
fundamentalism, 124, 170
Futterknecht, Franz, 126
 
Gaetje, Olaf, 43, 236n15
Galinski, Heinz, 69
Gegenöffentlichkeit. See counterpublic sphere
gender identity, 22, 120–21, 123, 130, 136, 139, 146, 182–83. See also femininity; masculinity; women
Geneva Conventions, 12
Gerhardt, Christina, 222n48, 227n22
German Autumn (1977), 1–3, 99, 142–43, 191; and autonomy, 180; context of, 16, 102; and counterterrorism, 115, 202; cultural response to, 10–11, 17, 42–49, 119, 137, 164, 187, 191–94; events of, 30–32, 117–18; significance of, 112–14. See also Deutschland im Herbst; Richter: 18. Oktober 1977
German Communist Party (DKP), 238n2
German Democratic Republic (GDR), 32, 59; state socialism, 70; support for West German militants, 19, 54–55, 59–63, 70, 91. See also Ministerium für Staatssicherheit; Socialist Unity Party
German language, use of, 189; gender in, 4, 47; kleinschreibung, 43–44, 248n2
German Left, 10–11, 29, 118, 142–43, 151–52, 203, 216n2; during red decade (1967–1977), 32–37. See also Far Left; New Left
Germany: history, 21, 119, 128, 144, 146–47, 155; and militancy, 13–16; unification, 57–59, 155, 191; Weimar, 13, 36. See also Federal Republic of Germany (FRG); German Democratic Republic (GDR); national identity, German; Third Reich
Geyer, Michael, 155–57
Gilcher-Holtey, Ingrid, Die 68er Bewegung, 217n10
Glahn, Philip, 250n32
Goergens, Irene, 244n13
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 195, 197
Goldmann, Emma, 180
Gorz, André, “Toward a Strategy of the Workers’ Movement in Neocapitalism,” 84
Grams, Wolfgang, 57–59, 166
Green Party (Die Grünen), 21, 141–42, 144–45, 202
Grimonprez, Johan, 161–63, 165–66, 169, 188; Dial History, 161–62, 170–74, 172–73, 187, 193
Grisard, Dominique, 238n7
Grossman, Atina, 130, 132, 241n36
Group of Eight, riots at, 71
GSG-9 (Grenzschutzgruppe 9), 31, 57
guerrilla: girl, image of, 10, 17; tactics and warfare, 30, 67, 69, 148, 184, 201. See also urban guerrillas
Gursky, Andreas, 164
 
Haas, Birgit, 156
Habermas, Jürgen, 8, 41, 89–90, 136, 206n4, 219n23; Adorno Prize lecture, 122; concept of Entdifferenzierung, 6, 8, 11, 179, 191, 200; concept of Entstaatlichung, 39, 190; critique of West German militancy, 38–39; “Die Bühne des Terrors” (“The Stage of Terror”), 39, 190, 200, 230n4; “Die Scheinrevolution und ihre Kinder” (“The Pretend Revolution and Its Children”), 89; and Far Left, 93; “Keine Normalisierung der Vergangenheit” (“No Normalization of the Past”), 128; on postmodernism, 21–22, 121–22, 134–35; Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, 179
Hamas, 14
Handke, Peter, 227n27
Hansen, Miriam, 41, 254n20
Hanshew, Karrin, 205n1, 213n36
Haschrebellen, 64, 68, 218n15
Häuserkampf, 39, 144
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 182–85; on Antigone, 251n38; Phenomenology of Spirit, 182–83; Philosophy of Right, 182, 188
Hein, Christoph, 19, 54, 57; In seiner frühen Kindheit ein Garten (In His Early Childhood, a Garden), 56, 58–59, 71–72
Hell, Julia, 56, 246n34
Helsinki Accords (1975), 59
Herf, Jeffrey, 35, 228n36
Herrhausen, Alfred, 59, 163
Herzog, Dagmar, 42, 122; Sex After Fascism, 150, 211n23, 220n33, 239n10, 245n29
Hesterberg, Thomas, “Naked Maoists” photo (Kommune I), 150
hijackings, 30–31, 117–18, 120, 126–27, 161, 170–74, 238n1, 248n2. See also direct actions
Hirschhorn, Thomas, 93
Historikerstreit, 119, 128–29
Hitler, Adolph, 18–19, 30, 110, 112, 130. See also Holocaust; National Socialism; Third Reich
Hoff, Dierk, 27–28, 67
Hogefeld, Birgit, 33, 56–58
Holocaust, 3, 102, 110–13, 129, 155
Honecker, Erich, 70
Horkheimer, Max, 38, 219n23
Horn, Rebecca, 41
hostages, 120, 122, 124, 129, 135. See also Schleyer
human body: experience of violence, 149–50; female, 42; as instrument of militancy, 24, 114, 138, 144, 200; of Joschka Fischer, 144–45, 153–54; militant, 138–39, 157; of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, 145–47; representations of, 138–39; subjugation of, 155; of Ulrike Meinhof, 138, 142, 148, 153–54, 157
human rights, 48, 103, 195, 197. See also Amnesty International
hunger strikes, 12, 114, 139, 147, 185
Huyghe, Pierre, 93
 
identity: aesthetics and politics of, 146; and difference, 182–83; postnational, 157; RAF political identity and ethics, 53–57. See also gender identity; national identity
imperialism, 55, 67–68, 71, 76, 103, 152, 184, 199
Institute for Contemporary Art (Boston), 234n60, 248n3
Institute for Contemporary Arts (London), 248n3
Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt), 6, 11, 20, 52, 89, 190, 197; critical theorists’ conflicts with militants, 37–39. See also Adorno; Habermas; Horkheimer
Institute for Social Research (Hamburg), 164. See also Kraushaar
internationalism, 89
Islam, 17, 162, 194
Israel: 1967 Arab-Israeli War, 34; assassination of Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics, 12, 19, 65, 229n40, 244n15; military imperialism, 67; opposition to, 54–55, 68, 228n36; West German support for, 35
 
Jander, Martin, 35
Jarausch, Konrad, 155–57
Jelinek, Elfriede, Ulrike Maria Stuart, 191–92, 194
Jesse, Eckhard, 226n14
Jews, 112, 131–32, 155, 228n36; Jewish Community Center bombing (Berlin), 19, 65, 67–69, 90. See also Israel
Johnson, Uwe, 66
Johr, Barbara, 242n41
Jordan, 34, 55, 67–68, 125, 140
Jordanes, De origine actibusque Getarum, 14
Jorn, Asger, 87
June 2 Movement, 3, 61, 89, 193, 218n15
 
Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Judgment, 79
Kelly, Petra, 21
Kierkegaard, Søren, 126–27
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 13
Kinkel, Klaus, 57
Kippenberger, Martin, 162
Klar, Christian, 54, 56
Kleinhans, Lutz, 148
kleinschreibung, 43–44, 248n2
Kleist, Heinrich von: Michael Kohlhaas, 15; Penthesilea: Ein Trauerspiel, 14–15, 202
Kluge, Alexander, 5, 41, 48, 171, 179, 200
Koch, Gertrud, 219n31
Koenen, Gerd, 29, 77, 214n47; Das rote Jahrzehnt, 218n16
Kohl, Helmut, 118, 124, 145
Köhler, Horst, 225n8
Kommune I (KI), 56, 60, 65–66, 78–81, 152; “Naked Maoists” photo, 150; “When Will Berlin’s Department Stores Burn?,” 78–80
konkret (news magazine), 41, 43, 59, 83, 139–40, 143, 247n38
Konsumterror, 67
Kontaktsperregesetz, 102, 235n13
Krabbe, Hanna, 184
Kraushaar, Wolfgang, 55–56, 65, 67, 164, 193, 225n5; Die Bombe im Jüdischen Gemeindehaus, 56, 224n3, 227n26; Die RAF und der linke Terrorismus, 186, 209n17, 218n18, 220n39; Fischer in Frankfurt, 244n12
Krauss, Rosalind, “The Cultural Logic of the Late Capitalist Museum,” 165
Kresnik, Johann, 22–23, 189; Ulrike Meinhof (performance), 22–23, 137–39, 142–44, 146–51, 149, 154–59, 158, 200, 242n2
Kristallnacht, 67
Kristeva, Julia, 111
Kuckart, Judith, 19, 54, 57, 189; Wahl der Waffen (Weapon of Choice), 56, 60–61, 71–72
Kuhlmann, Brigitte, 238n1
Kundnani, Hans, 56, 68, 110, 228n34
Kunst-Werke Institute for Contemporary Art (Berlin), 23, 55, 161–88, 191, 197; funding, 163–64, 187; public criticism of, 163–64, 197. See also Zur Vorstellung des Terrors: Die RAF
Kunzelmann, Dieter, 56, 60, 64–70, 72, 90, 142; “Brief aus Amman,” 67–68; imprisonment, 229n46; and Kommune I flyers, 78
Kunzru, Hari, My Revolutions, 189, 197
Kushner, Rachel, The Flamethrowers, 6
 
labor, 10, 21, 32, 42, 77, 199
Lacan, Jacques, 121, 129
LaCapra, Dominick, 154–155
Landshut hijacking, 30–31, 117–18, 120, 127, 161, 171–74; and Mogadishu Airport, 31, 117, 171–74
Langhans, Rainer, 78–79
Lazarsfeld, Paul, 241n32
Lefebvre, Henri, 76
Left. See Far Left; German Left; New Left
“leftist fascism,” 8, 39, 89, 209n15
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 13
Leslie, Esther, 233n39
liberation movements, 27, 35, 40, 68, 89, 251n49
Linke, Georg, 244n13
literary realism, 128–29, 133
Lockerbie, Scotland, Pan Am Flight 103 bombing, 161
Loos, Adolf, 107
Lorenz, Peter, 61
Lufthansa Flight 181, 30–31, 117–18, 171. See also Landshut hijacking
Luxemburg, Rosa, 180, 193, 245n16
 
Majdanek: concentration camp, 102, 112; war crimes tribunal, 112–13
Marcuse, Herbert, 38, 88–89
Marighella, Carlos, Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla, 200
Marxism, 1, 37, 75, 143, 212n28. See also Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt)
masculinity, 66, 134, 152
maternal ethics, 243n6
McDonough, Tom, 82, 231n13
media: boycott of mass media, 36–37; coverage of Landshut hijacking, 117–18; hegemonic forces of, 179; images of women, 4, 10, 121, 123, 153; Nazi war crime tribunals, 112–13; radio, 31, 38, 139, 156, 162, 179; and RAF, 75, 86–88, 92, 137, 140–42, 144, 148, 151–59, 162, 165, 170, 192, 201; and Situationists, 86–88; Stammheim trials of RAF, 112–13; television, 4, 8, 17, 31, 48, 75, 86, 101, 139, 162, 186. See also Axel Springer AG; Bild; Der Spiegel; die tageszeitung; Emma; Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung; konkret; Stern; Süddeutsche Zeitung
media spectacle, 75, 83–84, 86–88, 92–93, 101, 127, 171, 188. See also Debord
Meinhof, Ulrike, 179–181; aesthetics, 43, 77; on assassination of Israeli athletes at Munich Olympics, 19, 229n40, 244n15; Bambule, 43, 220n36, 247n38; body of, 138, 142, 148, 153–54, 157; brain of, 140–41, 157; “Das Konzept Stadguerilla” (“Concept of the Urban Guerrilla”), 189, 194, 197, 199; death of, 137; founding of RAF, 33–34; funerals of, 137, 141, 155; imprisonment, 97–99, 101, 139; journalism of, 20, 151, 153, 162; leadership of RAF, 2, 42; legacy of, 159; and media, 4, 86, 137, 224n58; medical records, 139–40; in Richter, October 18, 1977, 46, 49, 200; personal life, 53; photographs of, 18, 23, 139, 154, 166, 169, 176–77; political vision, 230n51; reputation, 122–23; on U.S. bombings, 33; “Warenhausbrandstiftung” (“Department Store Fire”), 83–86, 143; on women’s movement, 151, 153; writings of, 12, 98, 110–11, 139, 142, 180–81, 184, 192
Meins, Holger, 27–28, 81, 87, 147; Herstellung eines Molotow-Cocktails (How to Make a Molotov Cocktail), 36
melancholia, 6, 47, 70, 99, 115
Melzer, Patricia, 243n6
memory, 3, 29, 45, 47, 59, 148, 152, 169, 191, 193; and amnesia, 167, 169; collective, 93, 117, 147–50, 154, 168, 238n1; and performativity, 59, 191
Michelson, Annette, 176
Middle East, 35, 53, 59–61, 67–68, 117, 125
militancy, 2–6, 51, 84, 90, 101, 110, 175, 184, 190–91, 195, 202–3; aesthetics, 2, 17, 42–44, 86–88, 92–93, 190–91; definition and etymology of, 11–16; in FRG, 8, 10, 28–29, 33, 36, 38–40, 47, 64, 67–69, 78–80, 91–92, 202; and human body, 138–39, 157; and its representation in media, 147–50; and performativity, 23, 72; and sexuality, 150–53, 200, 202. See also postmilitancy; postmilitant culture
militant democracy, 13, 87, 213n36, 217n7. See also democracy; militancy
Miller, Bowman H., 209n17
Miller, Gregory D., 211n28
Mills, Patricia, 183
Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (Stasi), 35, 59–60; archives, 19, 54, 64, 225n13
misogyny, 14, 44, 49, 66, 133, 135, 151–52
MIT Media Lab, 109
Mitscherlich, Alexander, 37
Mitscherlich, Margarete, 37, 123
modernity and modernism, 16, 22, 91, 119, 122, 135, 187; German, 4, 111–12, 157, 163. See also postmodernism
Mohnhaupt, Brigitte, 54, 56
Möller, Irmgard, 216n5
morality, 53, 122, 194
Mosse, Georg, 147
mourning, 71–72
Munich Olympics (1972): assassination of Israeli athletes, 12, 19, 65, 229n40, 244n15; stadium, 107
Münkler, Herfried, 31
museum studies, 88, 165, 175. See also curatorial practice
Musolff, Andreas, 219n26, 228n36
“Mythos RAF,” 163–64. See also Zur Vorstellung des Terrors: Die RAF
 
National Democratic Party (NPD), 238n2
national identity, German, 5, 22, 36, 48, 118–19, 121, 124, 129–30, 169; in opposition to Other, 131; and postnational identity, 157; and sexual difference, 134–35
nationalism, German, 119, 147
National Socialism, 1, 18, 30–31, 33, 44, 52, 68, 86, 118, 128, 130, 147, 155, 221n44; dispute over legacy of, 119; military-industrial complex, 76–77. See also Holocaust; Third Reich
NATO, 59, 202; as RAF target, 28, 30
Nazis. See National Socialism
Nechaev, Sergei, Revolutionary Catechism, 13
Negt, Oskar, 41, 179, 219n23, 246n34; History and Obstinacy, 41; Public Sphere and Experience, 41, 179
neo-avant-garde, 20
neofascism, 68, 75, 89, 112, 202
Neubauer, Kurt, 69
Neue Subjektivität, 178
New German Cinema, 198
New German Critique (journal), 41
New Left, 3, 36, 40, 122, 178; creation of autonomous zones, 88; critique of fascism, 64; critique of imperialism, 68; emergence of, 32; and political violence, 246n34; radicalization into Far Left, 199; social power, 21; splinter groups, 218n15. See also Far Left; German Left
Newman, Edward, 211n27
new social movements, 3, 8, 11, 16, 21, 32, 51, 86, 92–93
nihilism, 13, 40
“1968,” 73, 94, 118; 1968 generation, 148, 217n10
Nollert, Günther, 210n21, 247n39
Nolte, Ernst, 128
normalization, 119, 128–30, 154
Notari, Elvira, 101
 
Offe, Claus, 219n23
Ohnesorg, Benno, 166; shooting of, 34, 36, 39
Otto, Frei, 107
 
Pahlavi, Mohamed Reza (Shah of Iran), 34
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), 19, 35, 53, 55, 68, 70, 87, 117, 174; connections to RAF and German Far Left, 68, 87, 224n2; negotiations on Landshut hijacking, 117
Pankhurst, Emmeline, 13
Parreno, Philippe, 93
Passmore, Leith, 147, 220n36, 243n3, 245n22
Peiffer, Jürgen, 243n8
performance art, ix, 5, 22, 41, 44, 79. See also Kresnik, Johann: Ulrike Meinhof; Tanztheater
performativity, 22–23, 185; and memory, 59, 191; and militancy, 23, 72; and sexuality, 145–47, 152; and terrorism, 23, 72, 79–80
personal/political dynamic, 40, 104, 113, 178
Peters, Butz, 220n39
Pflasterstrand (journal), 41
PFLP. See Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
photography, 159, 166–67, 187; and collective memory, 147–150; photopainting technique, 45, 49, 200
PLO. See Palestinian Liberation Organization
Ponto, Jürgen, 163
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 30–31, 39, 229n40
postmilitancy, 5–6, 11, 14–15, 30, 52, 55, 57–59, 169; critical, 16, 40, 82, 133; and late modernity, 16–17, 187; and postmodernism, 22, 119, 133–36; reactionary, 11, 18, 87, 192; in relation to militancy, 133; resistant, 5, 18, 52, 187, 192, 199
postmilitant culture, 199–203; After September 11 attacks, 186–187; definition of, 11–16; extent of, 6; rehashing of militancy, 17, 93, 165, 187; as response to RAF, 2, 5–6, 11, 15–16, 52, 162, 193
postmodernism, 136; Habermas on, 21–22, 119, 121–22, 134–35; and postmilitancy, 22, 119, 133; reactionary, 215n50; in relation to the modern, 133; resistant, 215n50
poststructuralism, 121–22, 124, 129, 133
Preece, Julian, 225n11, 231n4, 238n5
prisons and penitentiary space, 90, 102–5, 109–14, 198; abuse of political prisoners, 48, 103. See also Cologne-Ossendorf Prison; Stammheim Prison
Proll, Astrid, Baader-Meinhof: Pictures on the Run, 67–77, 45
protests. See demonstrations
public and private spheres, 8, 39, 104, 113, 162, 168–69, 178–80, 183, 190; and media, 4, 186; and sexual politics, 21, 40–41, 121, 123, 136, 183, 200–2. See also counterpublic sphere
public intellectuals, 8, 21, 37–38, 48, 79, 128, 139, 178, 191, 197
 
Queneau, Raymond, 80
 
Radikalenerlass, 118
RAF. See Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction)
Rainer, Yvonne, 163, 166, 169; Journeys from Berlin/1971, 175–84, 177–78, 187, 190, 192, 199, 201
rape, 22, 120, 130–32
Raspe, Jan-Carl, 27–28; burial of, 48; death of, 45, 103, 216n5
Rathenau, Walter, 240n31
Red Army Faction (RAF). See Rote Armee Fraktion
red decade (1967–1977), 16, 29, 32–37, 77, 214n47
Reemtsma, Jan Philipp, 164, 197
Reichardt, Sven, 217n7
Reiche, Reimut, 150
Reimann, Aribert, 66
Resnais, Alain, Night and Fog, 102, 112
Ressler, Olivier, 210n22
Retort group, 82, 93; Afflicted Powers, 82–83
Revolutionäre Zellen (Revolutionary Cells), 3, 149, 193, 210n22, 218n15, 238n1
Richter, Gerhard, 6, 162–66; Atlas, 166–70; Atlas Sheet 432, 167; Atlas Sheets 470–79 (Baader-Meinhof Photographs), 167–69; architectural motifs, 105; Beerdigung, 47; 18. Oktober 1977 (October 18, 1977), 17–18, 29, 45–47, 49–52, 164, 168, 200; Erhängte, 46, 105; Erschossener, 47; exhibitions, 222n49; Gegenüberstellung, 47; Tote, 46, 47
Robinson, Thomas Skelton, 35
Röhl, Bettina, 140–42, 144, 148, 151–59, 192
Röhl, Klaus Rainer, 140, 143
Rohwedder, Detlef, 57–58
Rosenfeld, Alan, 153
Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction, or RAF): aesthetics and style, 2, 17, 42–44, 86–88, 92–93, 190–91; anti-Semitism, 54–56, 70; connections to GDR and USSR, 19, 35, 54–55, 59–61, 63, 70, 91; connections to pro-Palestinian militants, 55, 216n4; death toll, 2, 28, 113, 205n2; demands for release of prisoners, 226n19; direct actions, 5, 12, 18, 75, 176, 185, 187, 199; dissolution, 90–94, 192–93; ethics of, 53–57; failures of, 4, 70, 88, 93, 100; and feminism, 23, 40, 42, 49–51, 153, 202; founding statement, 4, 35, 189, 194, 199; generations of, 2–3, 31, 54, 56, 118, 207n6; guerrilla tactics, 30, 148, 184, 201; hunger strikes, 12, 114, 139, 147, 185; internationalism, 53, 89; legacy of, 156–57; origins and history, 1–3, 16, 20, 28–29, 33–34; perceptions of, 12, 24, 29, 39; political identity, 53–57; in postwar geopolitics, 1, 35, 56, 59–64; RAF-Aussteiger, 59, 61, 63, 70; rejection of Bildung, 197; scholarship on, 20, 35, 55–56, 68, 201, 209n17; self-definition, 28; and spectacle society, 92–93; status of women in, 2, 8–11, 20, 48–51; in urban environment, 103–4; use of language, 43–44, 189; women in leadership roles, 8, 10, 49, 56–57, 85, 93, 136, 209n17; as women’s movement, 49
Rote Zora (Red Zora), 10
Roth, Philip, American Pastoral, 6
Rüegg, Walter, 38
Rupé, Katja, 51
Russell, Charles A., 209n17
Russia. See USSR (Soviet Union)
 
Sadler, Simon, 82
Said, Edward, 135
Sánchez, Ilich Ramírez, 6
Sander, Helke, BeFreier und BeFreite (Liberators Take Liberties), 131–32, 134
Sanders-Brahms, Helma, Deutschland, bleiche Mutter (Germany, Pale Mother), 239n15
Sanguinetti, Gianfranco, “The Real Scission in the International,” 90–91
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 48, 79
Scanlan, Margaret, 132–33
Schiller, Friedrich, 79; Maria Stuart, 191
Schiller, Margaret, 97
Schily, Otto, 171, 227n27
Schleyer, Hanns-Martin: kidnapping of, 30, 102, 228n33; photographs of, 166; shooting of, 31, 118; state funeral, 30; video testimony, 86
Schlöndorff, Volker, 19, 54, 57, 201; Deutschland im Herbst (Germany in Autumn), 48, 51; Die Stille nach dem Schuss (The Legend of Rita), 56, 60–63, 62, 70–72, 142, 193, 197; films on militancy, 61
Schmidt, Helmut, 31, 39, 70, 102, 226n19
Schmidtchen, Gerhard, 10
Schmitt, Carl, 217n8
Schneckener, Ulrich, 185
Schneider, Peter, 178
Schröder, Gerhard, 141, 145, 171
Schubert, Ingrid, 244n13
Schwarzer, Alice, 10, 40, 123, 201
Schygulla, Hanna, 198
Scott-Heron, Gil, 251n49
SDS. See Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund
Semper, Gottfried, 109; Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts, 107
September 11, 2001 attacks, 24, 100, 161–62, 186, 191
sexual politics, 29, 40, 42, 48–49, 66, 84–85, 121, 134–35, 138, 151, 179, 202; sexuality, 41, 66, 145–47, 150, 152
Siepmann, Ina, 56, 60–61, 67
Silverman, Kaja, “Photography by Other Means,” 49
Sinkel, Bernhard, 51
Situationist International (SI), 20, 100, 208n12; concepts of, 187; critique of built environment, 90; “Decline and Fall of the Spectacle-Commodity Economy,” 77, 86; dissolution, 90–94; exhibitions on, 234n60; gender biases in, 85; and Kunzelmann, 65; and RAF, 73–75, 81–83, 85–86, 88–90; Situationist International (journal), 77, 85; spectacle-commodity economy, 84; on Watts uprising, 85–86. See also Debord
social class, 10, 20, 39–40, 44, 66, 77, 123, 140, 147, 195, 199–200
Social Democratic Party (SPD), 32, 141, 145
socialism, 19–20, 32, 58–59; state, 58–59, 69–70, 143
Socialist Unity Party (SED), 216n2
social movements. See new social movements
Söhnlein, Horst, 81
Sontheimer, Kurt, 219n23
Sophocles, Antigone, 183
Southeast Asia, 54, 68, 81, 89
Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund/Socialist Student Union (SDS), 32, 55, 65
spectacle. See media spectacle
Speer, Albert, 107
Spontis (militant group), 148
Spur (journal), 78
Stadtguerilla. See urban guerrillas
Stammheim Complex, concept of, 110–14, 203
Stammheim Prison, 21, 30, 43, 99, 102–3, 114; in art and literature, 73, 74, 109–10, 146, 168, 171, 176, 180; deaths of RAF inmates, 31, 45, 47, 103, 114, 118, 137, 185, 216n5; as metonym of German police state, 100, 102, 111; trials of RAF inmates, 112–13; writings of Meinhof and Ensslin, 110–11, 139
Stasi. See Ministerium für Staatssicherheit
Stefan, Verena, Häutungen (Shedding), 41
Stephan, Inge, 249n17
Stephanson, Anders, 161
Stern (news magazine), 40, 140–41, 164
Storr, Robert, 45
Struck, Karin, 178
subject formation, 125–30, 185; subjectivity, 119, 130, 132, 134, 178, 243n6
Subversive Aktion, 65
Süddeutsche Zeitung (newspaper), 164
suicide, 74, 93, 153; of Guy Debord, 93; as mode of resistance, 185; as option for women, 179, 183; of RAF members, 31, 45, 47, 103, 114, 118, 137, 185, 216n5
surrealism, 79–80, 88, 190, 230n4. See also avant-garde, historical
surveillance, 1, 67, 99–102, 104, 109, 111, 115, 124
 
Tacke, Andrea, 249n17
Tanztheater, 137–159. See also Kresnik, Johann: Ulrike Meinhof
Tarach, Tilman, 56
Taubes, Jacob, 80
television, 4, 8, 17, 31, 48, 75, 86, 101, 139, 162, 186. See also media
Telos (journal), 56
Tendenzwende, 21, 118–20, 122–23, 131, 135, 191
terrorism: definition of, 12–16; domestic, 31, 135, 179, 199, 209n17; and militancy, 12–16, 174; and performativity, 23, 72, 79–80; psychology of, 190; Situationists’ rejection of, 82–83; transnational, 18, 24, 35, 53, 120, 133, 161; as unpolitical, 206n4. See also counterterrorism; direct actions; German Autumn; September 11, 2001 attacks
Teufel, Fritz, 78–79, 84
textiles, 105–9, 115, 198. See also built environment
Theweleit, Klaus, 29; Männerphantasien (Male Fantasies), 10, 41, 152
Third Reich, 36, 68, 89–90, 110, 118, 128, 156–57. See also Holocaust; National Socialism
Thorn-Prikker, Jan, 49
Thürmer-Rohr, Christina, 210n21
Tilly, Charles, 212n28
trauma, 71–72, 135, 154, 193; of fascism, 3, 102, 119, 128–30; and limits of representation, 3, 18, 47, 132, 155, 170, 175, 206n5; of militancy and terror, 52, 203
Treuhand Anstalt, 58
Tupamaros-West Berlin, 35, 64, 218n15
Turkey, 194–98, 214n48
 
unification. See Germany, unification
United Nations General Assembly Resolution on Terrorism (1987), 12
United States: Black Nationalism and Black Panther Party, 13, 88, 251n49; military imperialism, 32–33, 54, 67; as RAF target, 28; war on terror, 202. See also September 11, 2001 attacks
Urbach, Peter, 67
urban guerrillas, 4, 10, 17, 35, 47, 76, 101, 148, 196, 200
urban planning, 40, 76–77, 82, 101. See also architecture; built environment
USSR (Soviet Union), 13, 32; Bolshevism, 180, 183–84; Russian Revolution, 179, 184; Soviet Red Army, 130–32; Stalinism, 18; support for RAF, 19, 35
 
Vaneigem, Raoul, 76–77, 87, 90; “Comments Against Urbanism,” 77
Varon, Jeremy, 2, 33, 114, 217n11, 234n3, 247n43
Veile, Andres, Black Box BRD, 59
Vergangenheitsbewältigung, 3, 70, 99
Vesper, Bernward, 43–44, 49
Vesper, Will, 44
victims: Germans as, 117–18, 120, 130; of National Socialism, 131, 150; of RAF violence, 57–59, 61, 163–69, 199, 226n19; of terrorism, 132, 134, 170, 203
Victims’ Compensation Law of 1976, 125
Vietnam War, 32–33, 54, 68, 152; protests against, 78, 81
Viett, Inge, 54, 56, 61–63, 71; Nie war ich furchtloser (Never Was I Braver), 61
violence: aestheticization of, 174, 190; Gewaltmonopol, 91; on human body, 149–50; and New Left, 246n34; racist, 19, 55; revolutionary, 3, 8, 45, 65–69, 71, 89; sexual, 22, 120, 127, 130–32, 134–35; state, 34–37, 68–71, 89, 91, 147; symbolic, 2, 12, 28–29, 92, 119, 142. See also victims
Volksbühne, Berlin, 138, 156, 242n2
Voltaire Flugschriften (journal), 44
von Salomon, Ernst, Der Fragebogen (The Questionnaire), 128–29
von Trotta, Margarethe, 189, 201; Die bleierne Zeit (Marianne and Juliane), 20–21, 23, 99–115, 108, 120, 193, 198; Rosa Luxemburg, 235n6
Vowinckel, Annette, 237n29, 238n1, 249n12
 
Waldheim, Kurt, 12
Waldmann, Peter, 211n26
Watts uprising (Los Angeles), 77–78, 84–86, 92–93
Weather Underground, 88
Weiss, Peter, 5
Wende, 57–59. See also Germany, unification
Wenders, Wim, 227n27; Notebooks on Cities and Clothes, 237n22
Wesemann, Kristin, 230n51
West Germany. See Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
Williams, Mark, 43
Wolf, Christa, 15
women: agency of, 182, 194; intersecting tropes of terrorists and, 122–24; leaders of RAF, 8, 10, 49, 56–57, 85, 93, 136, 209n17; militancy, 115–16; power of relationships between, 183; in public sphere, 121, 123, 136, 202; representation of, 4, 10, 121, 123, 153; as sex bombs, 123; and social class, 40, 140; status in postwar Germany, 100; status in RAF, 2, 8–11, 20, 48–51; status in Situationist International, 75. See also femininity; gender identity; misogyny; sexual politics
women’s movement, 21, 39, 42, 51, 92, 122–23, 131, 136, 151, 190, 200. See also feminism
working through, dynamics of, 154, 191; in Freud, 72
World War II, 5, 76, 104, 118, 120, 130–31
 
Ziarek, Ewa Płonowska, 212n33
Žižek, Slavoj, 2, 184–86, 203; “Das Unbehagen in der Demokratie” (“Democracy and its Discontents”), 184–85
Zur Vorstellung des Terrors: Die RAF (Regarding Terror: The RAF) (Kunst-Werke exhibition), 1, 23, 55, 161–88, 191, 221n45; Baader-Meinhof Photographs, 167–70; curating of, 175, 187–88; Dial History, 161–62, 170–74, 172–73, 187, 193; Die Toten, 163–67, 169, 171, 174, 176, 191, 200; exhibition catalog, 165, 170, 185; Journeys from Berlin/1971, 175–84, 177–78, 187, 190, 192, 199, 201; media time line, 164–66, 184