The term “Hollywood” refers generically to the Los Angeles-based commercial film and television industries. “Los Angeles” and “L.A.” designate the city at large.
Depending on the discussion in the text, names in glosses may be those of production companies, producers, directors, cinematographers, writers, or other production crew members.
ABC (American Broadcasting Company): ABC’s Bell and Howell Close-Up!, 25; Brian’s Song, 168; and Cousteau documentaries, 113; The Great American Birthday Party, 159, 238–39n30; and the L.A. Olympics, 154, 204, 238–39n30; Littman at, 187–88; and The Race for Space, 19; Rich Man, Poor Man, 167–68. See also I Will Fight No More Forever; Roots
Abrams, Ron, 80
Acción Chicano (Treviño/Marquez TV series), 88–89
Adinolfi, Frank Joseph, Jr., 209n4
AFI (American Film Institute), 97–98, 159–60, 183, 245–46n40
African Americans: in Bradley coalition, 155–56; and the church, 77, 91, 129, 140–41, 146, 202, 234nn38–39; discrimination against, 73, 76–77, 101–2, 141; as filmmakers, 101–6, 126, 130–31, 182. First African Film Festival, 103; and the Kerner Commission Report, 75–76; liberation movement, 95; as portrayed on television, 27, 76–77. See also Biography of a Rookie; black cinema; Booker, Sue; Burnett, Charles; The Confessions of Nat Turner; L.A. Rebellion; racism/racial discrimination; Roots; South Central L.A.; Stax Records; The Rafer Johnson Story; Watts; Wattstax; Watts Uprising
The Age of Kennedy (NBC documentary film), 39
¡Ahora! (Treviño/Moreno TV Series), 84–85
Aiiieeeee! (Chin, Chan, Inada, Wong, editors), 191
Airwoman (Littman/KCET documentary), 92
Alan Landsburg Productions (film production company), 161
Alea, Tomás Gutiérez, 97
Alien Land Law (California) (1913), 189
Allen, Steve, 73
Alliance for Progress (Kennedy administration program), 63
Alvarez, Luis Echeverría, 180
America (Newsreel documentary), 79
America at the Movies (AFI/ARBA bicentennial documentary), 159
The American (Frankenheimer TV film), 55
American bicentennial (1976): overview, 153–82; America at the Movies produced for, 159; American Freedom Train in, 159; The Bicentennial Book, 155; and the business community, 158–59; In Celebration of US, 238–39n30; and the Cold War, 154, 204; film and TV commemorations inspired by, 159–60; and the Ford administration, 155–56; The Glorious Fourth, 238–39n30; The Great American Birthday Party, 238–39n30; and the Hollywood celebrity quilt, 158; Johnson’s view of, 154; L.A. Cultural Affairs events for, 157; and the Nixon administration, 154–55, 237n5; and The Peoples Bicentennial Commission, 242n2; programming initiatives of, 155. See also Roots; Wolper Productions
American Film Institute (AFI), 97–98, 159–60, 245–46n40
American Heritage publications and docudramas, 37, 54, 162, 171
American Indians: and The American, 55; The American Heritage Book of Indians, 54; American Indians Study Center (UCLA), 95; in Bunker Hill-1956, 41fig5; cultural effacement of, 53–55; in The Exiles, 2, 41–42, 41fig5, 53–58, 218n33; in Hollywood Westerns, 53; in Hunger in America, 176; Indian Center organization (L.A.), 49; and I Will Fight No More Forever, 164–65; JFK on, 54; and The Outsider, 55; population in L.A., 48–49, 218n26; and Red Power, 164; relocation program for, 48, 56–57, 216n4; stereotypes of, 42, 54–55, 219n36; white actors portraying, 53, 55
American International Pictures (film production company), 5, 20, 132
American Revolution Bicentennial Advisory Council, 158, 162–63
America’s Concentration Camps exhibition, 96fig11, 97, 192
América Tropical (Siqueiros mural), 86–87, 87fig10
América Tropical (Treviño documentary), 10, 86–87, 87fig10
Amos, John, 182
And Away We Go (Wolper TV documentary), 112–13
And Ten Thousand More (Walker/Petersen documentary), 45, 217n19
The Angry Voices of Watts (Stuart Schulberg documentary), 73–74
Appointment with Destiny (Wolper Productions films), 162
Aptheker, William, 121–22
ARBA (American Revolution Bicentennial Administration), 155, 158–59
ARBC (American Revolution Bicentennial Commission), 154–55, 237n5
Arlen, Michael J., 171–72
The Armies of the Night (Mailer novel), 118
Armstrong, Louis, 196–98
Art and Technology exhibition (Los Angeles County Museum of Art), 93
Art Center College of Design (Pasadena), 95–96
Asian Americans: Asian American People and Places, 101; Asian American Studies Center (UCLA), 95; discrimination against, 95, 100, 187–89; as filmmakers, 95–101, 103, 206; and Inada, 191. See also Aiiieeeee!; America’s Concentration Camps exhibition; Chinese Americans; Japanese Americans; Nakamura, Robert; Pieces of a Dream; Visual Communications (VC); Wataridori
Asner, Ed, 168
auteur filmmakers and filmmaking, 51, 56, 61, 122, 130, 133
Avila, Eric, 45
Axton, Estelle, 232n9
Aycock, Marlyn E., 37
Barber, Samuel, 196
Bar-Kays (R&B group), 132
Barnouw, Erik, 160
The Battle of East St. Louis (CBS TV documentary; Peter Davis, writer), 176
BBS Productions (film production company), 175–76
Beattie, Keith, 134
Bell, Al, 117, 127, 129–30, 132–33, 142, 146–48
Benjamin Berg, 50
Bergman, Alan, 230–31n48
Bernstein, Elmer, 18, 22, 24fig3, 28, 29, 34
Berry, Joseph P., Jr, 23
The Bicentennial Book (Lawlor), 155
bicentennial of America. See American bicentennial
The Bicentennial of the United States of America (Ford administration report), 155
Biography (Wolper TV series), 29
Biography of a Rookie: The Willie Davis Story (Wolper TV documentary), 27–28, 59, 133
The Birth Trilogy (Womanhouse installation), 94
Black Anti-Defamation Association (L.A.), 122
black capitalism, 129–30
The Black Frontier (Booker/KUON TV series), 89
Blackhawk, Ned, 49
Black Journal (Littman/Greaves black affairs TV series), 91
“A Black Mother’s Plea” (Chew prose poem), 73
Black on Black (Saltzman documentary), 10, 74–78, 77fig9
Black Panther Party, 79–82, 121–22, 131, 176
Black Power movement: and Black on Black, 77; commercial TV films about, 71; and The Confessions of Nat Turner, 11, 119, 122–23; vs. Hollywood, 122, 134; and King’s assassination, 129; vs. liberalism, 134; and Nixon, 129; in the post-civil rights era, 122; Pryor, Richard on, 141–42; and Stax Records, 129; and Wattstax, 138, 140–42; and the Watts Uprising, 4; and Wolper Productions, 108, 114, 119
Blacula (American International Pictures feature), 132
Blau, Lou, 166
Blauner, Stephen, 176
Blaxploitation films, 91, 102, 106, 132, 148, 194
Blewitt, David, 27
Blinn, William, 168
Bloody Mama (Corman feature; Alonzo, cinematographer), 115
Blue, James, 63–64
“Blues for Black” (James Jackson poem), 74
Blyth, Rose, 32
The Bold Men (Friedkin documentary), 112
Booker, Sue: The Black Frontier, 89; Cleophus Adair, 89; Doin’ It! 89–90; Doin’ It at the Storefront, 10, 90–91; at KCET, 89, 94, 95, 182; as literary chronicler, 182; Soledad, 89; as Thandeka, 225n58; “Victory Will Be My Moan,” 90; What Is It, 182
Boorstin, Daniel J., 34, 159, 163, 238–39n30
Borremans, Guy, 92
Bourke-White, Margaret, 81
The Boys in the Band (Friedkin feature), 114
Boyum, Joy Gould, 146
Bradbury, Lewis L., 44
Bradbury, Ray, 30
Bradley, Tom: Cultural Affairs Department created by, 156; David Wolper Day proclaimed by, 160; downtown L.A. redevelopment energized by, 157, 238n18; job creation by, 199; as L.A.’s first black mayor, 138; and L.A.’s transnational business standing, 11–12, 203–4; as minority rights advocate, 91–92; multiculturalism of, 155–56; Olympics opening ceremony speech by, 203; on Roots, 169; and Wattstax, 143
Brandon, William, 54
Brathwaite-Burke, Yvonne, 143
Braunschweiger, Walter J., 221n2
Bretteville, Sheila de, 93–95
Brewer, Sherri, 131
Brian’s Song (ABC TV docudrama; Blinn, writer), 168
The Bridge at Remagen (Wolper feature), 115
Brimmer, Andrew, 129–30
Brodey, Sherman, 77
Brooks, Van Wyck, 163
Brown, Edmund, 70
Brown, Elaine, 82
Brown, H. Rap, 122
Brown, Jim, 143
Brown, John, 182
Brundage, Hugh, 69
A Bucket of Blood (Daarstad feature), 1
Bundy, McGeorge, 110
Bunker Hill (L.A. neighborhood), 2, 40, 42, 44–47, 46fig6, 49, 51–55, 66
Bunker Hill–1956 (Mackenzie documentary), 44, 46fig6, 47, 49–50, 53, 58
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) (U.S.), 48–49
Burnett, Charles: and Ethno-Communications, 97, 102; The Horse, 195–96; “Inner City Blues,” 199; in L.A. Rebellion, 102–3, 194, 198; Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property, 231n52; Several Friends, 103–6, 104fig13, 195–96; as Third Cinema filmmaker, 105; at UCLA, 102–3, 195. See also Killer of Sheep
Burton, LeVar, 153
Bush Mama (Gerima feature), 195
Bute, Mary Ellen, 17
Caldwell, Ben, 101
California Communist League, 82
California Eagle (African American newspaper), 43
Cambridge, Godfrey, 122
Campanella, Joseph, 118
Canby, Vincent, 115, 146, 178–79
Canción de la Raza (Mexican American TV series), 84
Cannes Film Festival, 146, 178
capitalism, 9, 72, 79, 81–82, 129–30, 205
Capra, Frank, 158
Carmichael, Stokely, 130
Carnegie Commission on Educational Television report, 180
Carter, Alprentice “Bunchy,” 80, 82
Carver, George Washington, 182
Cassavetes, John, 56
Castro, Sal, 84
Catton, Bruce, 163
CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System): About a Week, 100; The Battle of East St. Louis, 176; CBS Records, 148; CBS Reports, 25, 70; The Selling of the Pentagon, 176; The Twentieth Century, 18, 29; Watts: Riot or Revolt, 70
Center for Afro-American Studies (UCLA), 95, 103
Central City Committee (L.A.), 221n2
Central Valley (California), 84, 86, 88
Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos (Mexico), 180
Chandler, Norman, 45
Chandler, Raymond, 45
Chavez, Cesar, 84
Chavez Ravine, 2, 28, 40, 45, 55
Cherrytree Productions (black marketing firm), 142
Chicago International Film Festival, 240n51
Chicano Moratorium march, 86, 181
Chicano Moratorium: The Aftermath (Treviño documentary series), 86
Chicanos: activism/movement of, 80, 84–89, 95; Chicano film festivals, 181–82, 206; Chicano Studies Center (UCLA), 95; cultural contributions of, in L.A., 84; and the Ethno-Communications program, 97; historical roots of, 85, 87–88; National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference, 84; nationalism of, 89; in Raíces de Sangre, 180–82; as self-defined, 4, 84, 88; as student filmmakers, 97, 103; Yo Soy Chicano, 87–88, 181. See also América Tropical; Mexican Americans; Treviño, Jesús Salvador
Chico and the Man (Wolper TV series), 240n49
Chief Joseph (Nez Perce Indian), 164–65
China: The Roots of Madness (Wolper TV documentary), 112
Chinatown (Paramount feature; Alonzo, cinematographer), 148
Chinatown Two-Step (Eddie Wong/VC documentary), 189, 191
Chinese Americans, 100–101, 156, 189, 193
Chinese Exclusion Act (U.S.) (1882), 189
Chopra, Joyce, 183
Christopherson, Susan, 20
“The Church” (Doin’ It episode), 91
Churchill, Mae, 84
Cine Golden Eagle Awards (USIA), 113
Cinémathèque française (Paris), 160
cinema verité: in the Biography series, 28; and Cruisin’ J-Town, 190; as documentary style, 4, 7, 32; and A Skill for Molina, 65; and Wattstax, 11; and Wolper Productions, 133; and Yo Soy Chicano, 87. See also direct cinema
Cisco Pike (Columbia feature; Lapenieks, production crew member), 59
civil rights: and American Western films, 219n36; and the Black Power Movement, 122; Civil Rights Act (1964), 70; in crises, 114; and the Great Society program, 70–71; and “The House I Live In,” 198; and the Johnson administration, 70, 109–10; and Killer of Sheep, 198–99; and The Making of the President:1964, 109; and the New Frontier program, 23; news media coverage of, 25; in Wattstax, 137; and the Watts Uprising, 70; and Wolper Productions, 6, 133–34, 160–61. See also African Americans; American Indians; Los Angeles; Mexican Americans
Civil War (U.S.), 153, 163–64, 168, 171, 173, 183
Clapp, Nicholas, 60
Clark, Ed, 69
Clark, Larry, 101, 135, 148, 245–46n40
Clarke, Shirley, 56
Cleaver, Eldridge, 121
Cleophus Adair (Booker documentary), 89
Cloak and Dagger (Lang feature; Deinum, technical advisor), 43
Coalition Against Blaxploitation (L.A.), 132
Cold War: and the American bicentennial, 154, 204; as cultural war, 16, 39, 42, 61–62; internationalism of, 23; liberalism in, 2–3, 10, 26, 58, 66, 83, 106; Red Scare in, 45; and the USIA, 61–62; and the Vietnam War, 176–77. See also communists and Communism; HUAC; Soviet Union; Wolper, David
Coleman, Larry Grant, 142–43
Coleman, Ornette, 81
colonialism and colonization, 79, 103, 162
Columbia Pictures (film production company), 24fig3, 59, 134–35, 142, 147, 166, 178
Columbia Revolt (Newsreel documentary), 79
Come Out Singing (Littman/KCET documentary), 92
Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional (Mexican American women’s organization), 88
commercial films and film industry: and the American bicentennial, 153–54; and The Confessions of Nat Turner, 11; in crisis, 106; Hollywood/L.A. as center of, 15, 20, 78; and Killer of Sheep, 195; L.A. Rebellion against, 102; and Mackenzie, 42, 48, 58, 61; and minor cinema, 5; Newsreel film collective vs., 78–79; racist stereotypes in, 102; USIA vs., 63–64; as a wasteland, 25, 63–64, 83; and Wattstax, 128
commercial television: and the American bicentennial, 153–54; and the Black Power movement, 71; corruption in, 17; in crisis, 106; and docudramas, 154, 159, 161, 167–68, 174–75, 180, 199–200; documentary films shown on, 10, 108; and Killer of Sheep, 195; and minor cinema, 5; and news journalism, 33, 37; news networks of, 64; Newsreel film collective vs., 78–79; progressive social issues featured on, 174; racist stereotypes in, 102; and tabloid entertainment, 205; USIA vs., 64; after the Watts Uprising, 71–73; women in, vs. public broadcasting, 183. See also ABC; CBS; NBC
Communicon (black marketing firm), 142
Communiplex (black marketing firm), 142
communists and Communism, 16, 23, 25, 82, 108, 110, 209n5. See also Cold War; Soviet Union
Community Film Workshop Council (minority filmmaking initiative), 97–98
Community Redevelopment Agency (L.A.), 45
Community Television of Southern California (CTSC), 31–32, 83, 107
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (U.S.) (1973), 98
Concentrated Employment Program, 76
The Confessions of Nat Turner (Styron novel; Wolper feature proposal): backlash against, 120–23; and the Black Power movement, 11, 119, 122–23; changed to Nat Turner, 123–25; critics’ reviews of, 120–23; Ossie Davis on, 107, 122–23, 165, 230n43; and racial stereotyping, 121, 123; screen rights purchased by Wolper, 119
The Confessions of Nat Turner, the Leader of the Late Insurrection in Southampton, VA (Grey summary account), 120
The Connection (Clarke feature), 56
Connors, Chuck, 168
Conrad, William, 109–10
conservatism: and the Commission of the Los Angeles Riots, 70; and Hearts and Minds, 178; and Roots programming, 169; trending in the U.S., 203–6; and Wolper Productions bicentennial program, 9, 203–5. See also New Right
Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies (Beverly Hills, CA), 98
Continental Congress, 1976 (TV docudrama series), 161
Cool Breeze (MGM feature), 132
Copeland, Aaron, 202
core-periphery relationship model, 5–6
Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 8. See also public television
Cosby, Bill, 124
Cotton Comes to Harlem (Ossie Davis/Goldwyn Jr. feature), 126, 132
Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (Drew Associates documentary), 34, 110
Crossing Fox River (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 164, 171
Cruisin’ J-Town (Kubo/VC documentary), 189–91, 190fig24
Crump, Paul, 111
Cultural Affairs Department (L.A.), 156–57
Curtin, Michael, 25
Curtis, Edward, 54
Curtis, Tony, 55
Daarstad, Erik: A Bucket of Blood, 1; Deinum’s influence on, 217n16; documentary work by, pre-Wolper, 59; and The Exiles, 2; Hell Squad, 1; A Light for John, 1, 217n16; and Mackenzie, 2, 50, 50fig7, 59–60; photo of, 50fig7; The Raven, 1; and A Skill for Molina, 64–65; The Spirit of America, 59; Teenage Caveman, 1; at USC, 1–3, 44; at Wolper Productions, 1–2, 24fig3, 59–60
Darktown Strutters (Stax feature), 147–48
Dassin, Jules, 130
David Brinkley’s Journal (NBC news production), 72
Davis, Leah, 143
Davis, Miles, 100
Davis, Ossie, 107, 122–23, 165–66, 230n43
Davis, Peter, 176–78
Davis, Theresa, 141
A Day in the Life of Willie Faust, or Death on the Installment Plan (Fanaka feature), 102
D-Day (Wolper documentary ), 30–31
Dedeaux, Richard, 133
Dee, Ruby, 165–66
Deener, Andrew, 184
Deinum, Andries: blacklisted, 43–44, 217n15; early work of, 43; and Film Quarterly, 40; as Hollywood outcast, 58; as minority community advocate, 43, 65; Speaking for Myself, 43–44; on USC faculty, 1, 40, 43–44, 51
Delano Grape Strike, 88
Deliverance (Warner Bros; Zsigmond, cinematographer), 115
De Sica, Vittorio, 44
Desilu Productions (TV production company), 4–5
The Devil’s Brigade (Wolper feature), 115
Diary of a Student Revolution (NET Journal episode; Littman as associate producer), 92
Didion, Joan, 127
direct cinema, 32, 35, 103. See also cinema verité
Directing Workshop for Women (AFI), 183
Director’s Guild Association, 183
Disney (The Walt Disney Company), 4–5, 18
docudramas: and the American bicentennial, 161–62; characteristics of, 161–62, 200, 239n37; and commercial television, 154, 159, 174–75, 180; historical background of, 161; increasing popularity of, 180; minorities incorporated into, 11–12; and political culture of the 1970s-80s, 205–6; as truth/fiction hybrid, 153–54, 161. See also Roots; Wolper Productions films, docudramas, and TV series
documentary films. See commercial films and film industry; commercial television; core-periphery relationship model; docudramas; independent films and filmmaking; L.A. Rebellion; Newsreel; public history; public television; Wolper Productions; Wolper Productions films, docudramas, and TV series; specific documentary filmmakers
“Documentary Traditions” (UCLA seminar), 103
Doin’ It! (Booker documentary series), 89–90
Doin’ It at the Storefront (Booker documentary series), 10, 90–91
Dolan, Harry, 73
Dollarhide, Douglas, 143
Doros, Dennis, 216n4
Dos Passos, John, 167
Dotto (TV quiz show), 17
Douglas, Kirk, 230–31n48
Downtown Businessmen’s Association (L.A.), 45–46
Drew Associates (film production company), 32–35, 38, 110, 214nn48–49
Drive, He Said (BBS Productions feature), 176
Duke Ellington, 104–5
Dunbar, Jack, 84
Eames, Charles and Ray, 96, 157
Earth, Wind & Fire (R&B band), 131
East Los Angeles, 10, 84–85, 88, 181, 240n49. See also Mexican Americans
Easy Rider (BBS Productions feature), 176
Economic Opportunity Act (1964), 70
Edison, Bob, 60
Edison, Thomas, 29
educational films and film studios, 47–48, 62, 100–101
educational television, 17, 31–32, 83. See also KCET
Eegah! (Hall feature; Lapenieks, cameraman), 22
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 30, 36, 36fig4, 61, 119
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (U.S.) (1965), 70, 110
Elijah Muhammad, 91
Ellsberg, Daniel, 176
“El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán” (Chicano manifesto), 84
El Teatro Campesino (Chicano Theater troupe), 88, 179–80, 190, 243n11
Emergency School Aid Act (U.S.) (1972), 98, 187
Emmy award: to Black on Black, 78; Cleophus Adair nominated for, 90; I Will Fight No More Forever nominated for, 165; to The Making of the President:1960, 36, 62; to Roots, 169; to Sandburg’s Lincoln, 164; to The Selling of the Pentagon, 176
The Emotions (R&B group), 141
“The End of Silence” (Elaine Brown song), 82
Engel, Morris, 56
Escape to Freedom (Wolper documentary), 28
Espinosa, Julio García, 97, 180
Estrada, Pepe, 180
Ethnic Studies Centers (UCLA), 95
Ethno-Communications program (UCLA), 97–98, 100–102, 187
Evans, Walker, 95
Executive Order 9066 (Japanese internment order), 95
The Exiles (Mackenzie documentary): American Indians in, 2, 41–42, 41fig5, 53–58, 218n33; cast and characters of, 51–52, 54–55, 218n33; critics’ reviews of, 53, 56; and Daarstad, 2; distribution of, 57, 219n45, 221n63; financing of, 50, 58; L.A. as portrayed in, 42, 53; Lapenieks in production crew of, 22; and Los Angeles Plays Itself, 41–42; in the National Film Registry, 42; production crew of, 22, 50fig7, 56; production of, 10, 42, 45–46, 49–51; stills from, 41fig5, 52fig8; story arc of, 51–53, 54–55; successes of, 56–57; and UCLA, 41–42, 57; and USC, 41–42. See also Bunker Hill–1956
Faces of November (Drew Associates documentary), 34, 38
Fagg, Fred D., Jr., 44
Fallguy (Harling feature; Lapenieks, production crew member), 59, 64
Farnsworth, Sam, 24fig3, 44, 50, 60
fascists and fascism, 30, 209n5
Feminist Art Program at CalArts, 93
feminists and feminism, 92–94, 182–84. See also NOW (National Organization for Women); Womanhouse (art venue); women
Feminist Studio Workshop, 94–95
Field, Allyson Nadia, 102–3
“Film and Social Change” (Elyseo Taylor UCLA seminar), 97, 103
Film Culture (film journal), 57
Film-Makers’ Cinematheque (New York), 78
Film Quarterly (film industry journal), 40–42, 41fig5, 44, 79, 98, 216n3
First African Film Festival, 103
First Cinema, 97
Five Easy Pieces (BBS Productions feature), 176
Flamingo Films (film production company), 17
Floyd, Randy, 177
Ford, Gerald, 155–56, 158, 179, 238–39n30
Ford, John, 158
Ford Foundation, 83, 97, 221n63
Forman, Miloš, 233n27
Fortune in Singles (Littman/KCET documentary), 92–93
Four Days in November (Wolper documentary), 10, 33, 37–39
Four Furies poetry ensemble, 74
Foxx, Redd, 143
France: Conquest to Liberation (Wolper TV documentary), 112
Frankenheimer, John, 55
Frantz Fanon, 97
Frederick Douglass House, 72
Freedomland (Bronx, NY), 54
Free Enterprise and How It Has Built the American Way (L.A. Cultural Affairs exhibition), 157
Free Southern Theater (Moses, cofounder), 167
Free Venice Beachhead (Venice newspaper), 184
The French Connection (Friedkin feature), 114
Fried, Gerald, 24fig3, 29, 60, 168, 171
Friedkin, William, 111–12, 114
The Friedkin Connection (Friedkin book), 112
Friedman, Milton, 205
Friendly, Fred, 89
From the Ashes: Voices of Watts (Watts Writers Workshop), 73
Fulson, Lowell, 197
Gabel, Martin, 24fig3, 34–36, 109
Gabriel, Teshome, 187
Garbage (Newsreel documentary), 79
García, David, Jr., 97
Garvey, Marcus, 137
Gas House (Venice, California), 184
Gayle, Addison, Jr., 121–22
The General (Wolper documentary), 112
George Foster Peabody Awards, 29, 113, 176
Geraldo (TV talk show), 205
Get Christie Love! (Wolper feature), 240n49
Getino, Octavio, 97
Gibbon, Samuel Y., Jr, 89
Gidra (UCLA Asian American newspaper), 96
Gil, Dinora, 96
Gingold, Dan, 78
Gipson, Gertrude, 143
Giral, Sergio, 194
Girls at 12 (Chopra documentary trilogy), 183
The Glorious Fourth (NBC bicentennial coverage), 159, 238–39n30
Godard, Jean-Luc, 51
Goddard, Robert, 18
Goldenson, Leonard, 36
Goldsmith, Gary, 63
Gonzales, Rodolfo “Corky,” 80, 88–89, 179
Gordon, Tammy S., 158
Gordy, Berry, 130
gospel music, 91, 129, 131, 140–41, 202
Gossett, Louis, Jr., 182
Gould, Jack, 113
Grand Illusion (Renoir feature), 44
The Grapes of Wrath (John Ford), 158
Graves, Teresa, 240n49
The Great American Birthday Party (ABC bicentennial coverage), 159, 238–39n30
Greater Los Angeles Plans Incorporated (L.A.), 45–46
The Greatest Story Ever Told (Stevens Jr. docudrama feature), 161
Great Society (Johnson social program): and AFI, 98; and the American bicentennial, 154; first public mentions of, 221n3; USIA promotion of, abroad, 65; and the Watts Uprising, 70–71; and Wolper Productions, 106, 108–14. See also civil rights; Johnson, Lyndon B.
Greaves, William, 91
Green, James, 46–47
Green, Maury, 90
Green, Walon, 115
The Green Berets (Moore book; Wolper’s screen rights to), 115, 228n14
Greene, David, 168
Griffin, Booker, 128
Griffin, Merv, 148
Guenette, Robert, 162
Gulf and Western Industries (business conglomerate), 130
Gunn, Moses, 131
Gutiérrez, José Angel, 88–89, 179
Haley, Alex: on American Revolution Bicentennial Advisory Council, 158; as Kunta Kinte descendent, 173; photo of, 166fig20, 170fig21; Playboy interviews created by, 167; as Roots author, 153, 166; and Roots‘s publicity, 169
Haley, Jack, Jr.: photo of, 22fig2; and The Race for Space, 22; That’s Entertainment, 160; as Twentieth Century-Fox creative affairs director, 160; at USC, 18; on Wolper’s staff, 10, 24fig3, 58, 108, 111
Hall, Arch, 22
Hall, Martin, 44
Hamilton, Forest, 127, 133–35, 142, 148
Hampton, Fred, 81–82
Hansen, Christine, 80
Harper, Paula, 93
Harrington, Stephanie, 178
Hart-Celler Act (U.S.) (1965), 3
Harvest (USIA documentary), 63
Hayes, Ira, 55
Hayes, Isaac, 127, 131–32, 143, 234–35n42, 234n38
Hayes, J. William, 230–31n48
Hays Code, 26
Head (Raybert Productions feature), 176
Hearts and Minds (BBS Productions documentary), 175–79
Heller, Amy, 216n4
Hell in the City of Angels (KTLA compilation film), 69
Hell Squad (Topper feature; Daarstad cinematographer), 1, 59
Herschensohn, Bruce, 63, 65–66
Heston, Charlton, 159
Hewitt, Don, 34
Hewitt, Masai, 81
Hicks, Dennis, 80–81
Hidden Memories (Frazier feature), 195
Higa, Kaz, 226n76
Hill, Laura Warren, 129
Hilliard, David, 82
Hill X (L.A. meeting place for American Indians), 51–55
Hirano, Ron, 226n76
Hiroshima (jazz-fusion band), 189–90, 190fig24
Hitsville, U.S.A, (Motown Records), 130
Hoberman, J., 23
Hodgetts, Vicki, 93–94
Hoffer, Thomas W., 161
Hoffman, Abbie, 176
Holbrook, Hal, 163–64
Holden, William, 115
Holiday, Billie, 136
Hollywood: and the bicentennial celebrity quilt, 158; black action features in, 132; as commercial films and TV center, 15, 20, 78; in economic distress, 108, 132; and independent films, 206; liberal social outreach in, 124; map, 21fig1; and mass-produced TV entertainment, 83; Neoclassical Hollywood, 205; and the New Frontier program, 25; New Hollywood, 11, 98, 135, 148; racism/racial discrimination in, 65, 101–2, 194; as TV production center, 20, 23
Hollywood and the Stars (Wolper documentary), 27
Hollywood in Transition (MacCann book), 4
Hollywood: The Fabulous Era (Wolper documentary), 26–27
Hollywood: The Golden Years (Wolper documentary), 26, 59
Hollywood: The Great Stars (Wolper documentary), 27
The Honorable Sam Houston (Wolper TV docudrama), 162
Hopper, Dennis, 184
Horak, Jan-Christopher, 102, 194
The Horse (Burnett short feature), 195–96
Hot Buttered Soul (Isaac Hayes record), 131
Hour Glass (Gerima political film), 102
A House Divided (Jeanne Taylor poem), 74
The House I Live In (Leroy/Maltz/Ross short feature), 198–99
“The House I Live In” (Robeson recording), 198–99
House of Uhuru (Watts clinic/social services center), 89
Housing Problems (British documentary), 45
Howe, James Wong, 28, 59, 213n37
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee), 26, 43–44
Huddleston, Judy, 94
Huggins, John, 82
Humphrey, Hubert, 118
Hunger in America (Peter Davis, writer), 176
Hunt, Dennis, 146
Huntington Hartford Museum of Art, 113
Hurston, Zora Neale, 165–66
Hutchinson, Earl Ofari, 129–30
Hutchinson, Sheila and Wanda, 141
Ichikawa, Kon, 233n27
If It’s Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (Wolper feature), 229n24
The Image of the City (Lynch), 53
Image: The Mexican American in Motion Pictures and Television (Treviño documentary series), 85
Inada, Lawson, 191
In Celebration of US (CBS bicentennial coverage), 159, 238–39n30
The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies (Steckler feature; Zsigmond, cameraman), 114
independent films and filmmaking: overview, 69–106; and documentary films, 5–6, 8–9; festivals showcasing works by, 206; and Hollywood, 5–6; in New York, 57; social issues as topics of, 206; and the USIA, 63–64; and Wolper productions, 22, 25, 31–32, 36. See also Booker, Sue; Burnett, Charles; Clark, Larry; Daarstad, Erik; The Exiles; Gutiérrez, José Angel; L.A. Rebellion; Littman, Lynne; Mackenzie, Kent; Newsreel; Treviño, Jesús Salvador
Indian Center organization (L.A.), 49
Ingwerson, Marshall, 202
In Her Own Time (Littman documentary), 245n31
Inquest (Epstein book), 114
International Centre for Theatre Research, 180
International Cinematographers Guild, 167
International Heritage Festival (L.A.), 156
International Motion Picture Service, 62
international politics news coverage, 25
International Sound Technicians Union, 167
International Women’s Year, 183
internment of Japanese Americans. See Japanese Americans
In the Matter of Kenneth (Littman/KCET documentary), 92
Invitation to India (USIA documentary), 63
Ironing (Orgel Womanhouse installation), 94
The Iron Sheriff (American Western feature), 54
Irwin, Robert, 184
Israel Levin Center, 185–86
I Told You So (Kondo documentary), 191, 191fig25
Ivens, Joris, 43–44
I Will Fight No More Forever (ABC TV docudrama; Margulies, producer), 11, 164, 168, 172, 240n51
Jackson, Jesse, 129, 135fig15, 137, 144–45
Jacobson, Matthew, 173
Jacques, Truman, 76
Japan: A New Dawn over Asia (Wolper TV documentary), 112
Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), 96–97, 101, 187, 191
Japanese American Cultural and Community Center, 194
Japanese Americans: internment of, in World War II, 95–97, 96fig11, 99–101, 187–94, 188fig23, 192fig26; stereotypes of, 95; and the Yellow Power movement, 95–96. See also America’s Concentration Camps exhibition; Manzanar; Nakamura, Robert; Pieces of a Dream; Visual Communications (VC); Wataridori; Wong, Eddie
Jazz on a Summer’s Day (Stern documentary), 56
The Jazz Singer (Warner Brothers film), 26
“Jeep’s Blues” (Duke Ellington song), 104–5
Jewison, Dixie, 124
Jewison, Norman, 121–24, 230–31n48
Jews and the Jewish community, 12, 123, 155–56, 183–86
JFK. See Kennedy, John F.
Job Corps (Johnson social program), 61
John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums (USIA documentary), 39, 65–66
“Johnny I Love You” (Booker T. and the MG’s song), 131
Johnson, Claudia “Lady Bird,” 158
Johnson, James Weldon, 137
Johnson, Lyndon B.: ARBC created by, 154; civil rights legislation signed by, 70, 109–10; declining popularity of, 117–18; early political career of, 109; hawkish foreign policies of, 205; and the Kerner report, 75; in The Making of the President: 1968, 117–18; My Hope for America, 70; and the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders report, 123; and PBS, 83; Promises Made, Promises Kept, 117; in Seven Days in the Life of the President, 109–10; and the Southeast Asia, 117–18; and Wolper Productions, 34, 36–37, 108–9. See also Great Society
Johnson, Nicholas, 75
Johnson, Rafer, 2, 27–29, 59, 118–19, 133, 213n34
Jones, Barbara O., 195
Jones, Booker T., 130–31
Jones, Carolyn, 168
Jones, James Earl, 123
Jones, Pamela, 101
Jones, Quincy, 168
Joplin, Scott, 196
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, 133
The Journey of Robert F. Kennedy (Schlesinger), 118–19
Julien, Max, 130
Kael, Pauline, 42
Kahana, Jonathan, 8
Kaminsky, Marc, 185
Karenga, Maulana Ron, 128
KaSandra, John, 129
Kaufman, Robert, 44, 50, 50fig7
KCET (L.A. PBS TV station): Booker at, 89–90, 95, 182; establishment of, 83; Human Affairs department of, 85, 91–92; L.A. Collective at, 85–86; Littman at, 91–95, 183–87; Mexican American programming by, 84; Number Our Days broadcast by, 186; Treviño at, 84–85, 95, 179, 182; Wolper as founder of, 83
Kelly, Gene, 26
Kennedy (Sorensen book), 39
Kennedy, John F.: acceptance speech of, in L.A., 23, 203; The Age of Kennedy, 39; Alliance for Progress program of, 63; on American Indians, 54; assassination of, 10, 33, 107–8, 114; and Crisis, 110; and documentary films, 15–40; and Drew Associates, 110; election campaign of, 10, 23, 33–35, 212n27; John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums, 39, 65–66; Kennedy-Nixon debates, 23, 34–35; photo of, 36fig4; and The Race for Space, 19–20; space exploration initiatives of, 110–11; and TV, 23–25, 35; and the USIA, 61–62; and Wolper Productions, 10, 15–40, 107–8, 114; in World War II, 212n28. See also Faces of November; Four Days in November; New Frontier; Primary
Kennedy, Robert F., 73, 114, 118–19, 213n34
Kentucky Flood (Bourke-White photograph), 81
Kerner Commission Report, 8, 75, 84
Kershner, Irvin, 42
KGFJ (L.A. radio station), 91
Kidd, Paul, Jr., 91
Killer of Sheep (Burnett feature): cast and characters of, 195; and civil rights, 198–99; and crew members of, 135; distribution of, 200; documentary style of, 195–96; financing of, 195; and Louis Armstrong, 196–98; and Roots, 200–201; social issues as topics in, 195–96, 198–200; soundscape of, 196–98; as South Central portrait, 195–96, 199–201; stills from, 196fig27, 199fig28; structure of, 195–96; and Watts, post-Uprising, 199–200
“Kin and Communities” symposium, 186
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 75, 114, 129, 130–31, 137, 171
Kinloch, John, 43
Kites and Other Tales (Ohashi/VC documentary), 191
The Klansman (Stax/Columbia feature), 147
Klein, Norman, 53
Kluge, John, 107
KNBC (L.A. TV station), 182
Knoxville: Summer 1915 (Barber symphony), 196
KNX (L.A. radio station), 76
KNXT (L.A. TV station), 75–78
Korea: The 38th Parallel (Wolper TV documentary), 112
Kramer, Robert, 79
Krim, Arthur, 36–37
KTLA (L.A. TV station), 69
KTTV (L.A. TV station), 19, 55, 107, 227n3
Kunta Kinte (Haley ancestor; Roots protagonist), 153, 168, 173, 200
Kuramoto, June, 189–90
Kurashige, Scott, 156
labor issues, 26, 84, 88, 93, 180–81, 217n19
L.A. Collective (KCET nonfiction division), 85–86
Lady Sings the Blues (Paramount/Berry Gordy feature), 136, 167
Landsburg, Alan, 10, 22, 22fig2, 24fig3, 58, 108, 111, 160–61
Lang, Fritz, 43
Langlois, Henri, 160
Lapenieks, Vilis: as Biography of a Rookie cinematographer, 28, 59, 213n37; in Deinum’s seminars, 44; on Fallguy production crew, 59; as Four Days cinematographer, 38; as Hollywood series cinematographer, 27; as Little Shop of Horrors cameraman, 59; and Mackenzie, 50; as Night Tide cameraman, 59; as Seven Days cinematographer, 109–10; as Wolper Productions cinematographer, 22, 24fig3, 59
La Raza History (Treviño/Torres TV documentary vignettes), 85
La Raza Unida Party, 88–89, 179
L.A. Rebellion (African American filmmakers group): and blaxploitation films, 194; Burnett in, 102–3, 194, 198; and Ethno-Communications, 101; film styles and characteristics of, 101–3; industry jobs of filmmakers in, 245–46n40; social issues as topics of, 174; and UCLA, 135, 194
Last Days (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 164
The Last Picture Show (BBS Productions feature), 176
“L.A. Thirteen” (Treviño newsreel), 84
Latin America, 63, 82, 96–97, 187, 194, 204
Lawlor, Robert, 155
The Learning Tree (Parks, Sr. feature), 167
leftist community and filmmaking, 8, 78, 82, 97, 103, 122–23, 243n11. See also New Left
Legacy of Exiled NDNZ (Peters documentary), 216n4
The Legend of Marilyn Monroe (Wolper documentary), 33
The Legend of Nigger Charley (Paramount feature), 132
Leigh, Janet, 230–31n48
LeRoy, Mervyn, 198
liberalism: at AFI, 98; and Black on Black, 78; Black Power movement vs., 134; in Bradley coalition, 155; and The Confessions of Nat Turner, 119, 122; in crisis, 108–9; in I Will Fight No More Forever, 172; of Mackenzie, 40, 66; and neoliberalism, 202–6; and the New Frontier program, 203; Newsreel vs., 82; in Roots, 171; of Saltzman, 74; and Stax Records, 130, 133–34; of Styron, 119; of Wolper Productions, 6, 16, 27, 33, 63, 106, 115–19, 149, 160–61. See also Cold War
Library of Congress, 18, 24fig3, 42, 160
“Life Not Death in Venice” (multimedia event series), 186
A Light for John (Daarstad thesis documentary), 1, 217n16
Lions Love (Varda feature), 92
Lipman, Ross, 58
Lipscomb, James, 32
Little Fugitive (Engel and Orkin feature), 56
The Little Shop of Horrors (Roger Corman feature; Lapenieks, cameraman), 59
Little Tokyo (L.A. neighborhood): commercial development in, 157, 188, 193; in Cruisin’ J-Town, 189–90; Hiroshima jazz-fusion band in, 189–90, 190fig24; Koyasan Buddhist Temple and Hall in, 100, 191; Little Tokyo Service Center, 194; and Manzanar, 100–101, 188; People’s Rights Organization in, 193; in Something’s Rotten in Little Tokyo, 193; VC films screened in, 191
Littman, Lynne: at ABC, 187–88; Airwoman, 92; as Black Journal associate producer, 91; Come Out Singing, 92; as Diary of a Student Revolution associate producer, 92; as feminist, 92–93; Fortune in Singles, 92–93; In Her Own Time, 245n31; as Human Affairs member, 10; at KCET, 91–95, 183–87; In the Matter of Kenneth, 92; in the National Organization for Women, 92; as NET Journal associate producer, 91–92; and New Wave cinema, 91; Number Our Days, 12, 183–86; Once a Daughter, 245n31; Power to the Playgroup, 93; Testament, 245n31; Till Death Do Us Part, 183; and UCLA, 92; and Varda, 92; at WNET, 91–92; Womanhouse Is Not a Home, 10, 93–94; and the Woman’s Building, 95
The Longest Day (Ryan book; Zanuck historical fiction film), 30–31
Los Angeles: overview, 40–66; Chicano Moratorium march in, 86; as commercial film/TV industry center, 15, 20, 23, 63, 71, 78; Community Redevelopment Agency, 45; Democratic National Convention in, 23; Downtown Businessmen’s Association of, 45–46; downtown development of, 40–66; Greater Los Angeles Plans Incorporated, 45–46; as industrial center, 22–23; JFK’s acceptance speech in, 23; JFK’s nomination in, 118; minorities marginalized in, 2, 42, 66, 69–106, 201, 206; and Newsreel, 8, 78–83, 177; Olympics of 1984 in, 9, 12, 154, 202–6, 238–39n30; as portrayed in Wattstax, 128; Robert Kennedy’s assassination in, 118; as TV production center, 23, 63, 71; as a world/transnational city, 12, 156, 203. See also African Americans; American bicentennial; American Indians; Bradley, Tom; Chicanos; Ethno-Communications program; Japanese Americans; KCET; leftist community and filmmaking; Little Tokyo; Mackenzie, Kent; Number Our Days; South Central L.A.; Story of . . . ; UCLA; USC; Watts; Wattstax; Watts Uprising; Wolper Productions
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 93, 157
Los Angeles Free Press, 80
Los Angeles Housing Authority, 45
Los Angeles International Film Exposition, 158
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, 11, 23, 127, 202–3, 212n27
Los Angeles Museum of Science and Industry, 157
Los Angeles Music Center, 142–43
Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee (LAOOC), 203–4
Los Angeles Plays Itself (Andersen documentary), 41–42, 216n4
Los Angeles: Portrait of an Extraordinary City (Sunset Books travel book), 116
Los Angeles: Where It’s At (Wolper TV documentary), 116, 228–29n19
Losers Weepers (Stuart Schulberg documentary), 73
Los Mascarones (Mexican musical band), 180
Lowenthal, David, 162
Luján, Gilbert “Magú,” 85
Lumet, Sidney, 124
Lynch, David, 98
Lynch, Kevin, 53
MacDonald, Scott, 208n7
Mackenzie, Kent: Apache Indian documentary (proposed), 49; as auteur/film author, 51, 61; and Daarstad, 2, 50, 59–60; documentary style of, 58; in educational film studios, 48; as film student, 43; as Ford Foundation grant recipient, 221n63; liberalism of, 40, 66; photo of, 50fig7; and Prelude to War, 59; A Skill for Molina, 61, 64–65; and Story of . . . , 59–60; and The Teenage Revolution, 60–61; and TV documentaries, 58; at USC, 40, 43–44; and the USIA, 10, 42, 61; at Wolper Productions, 10, 24fig3, 42, 58–61. See also Bunker Hill-1956; The Exiles
Mafundi Institute (Watts cultural nationalist center), 133
Magnificent Montague (KGFJ DJ), 91
The Making of Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song (Van Peebles book), 131
The Making of the President: 1960 (Theodore White book), 34, 62, 109
The Making of the President: 1960 (Wolper documentary), 10, 15, 33–36, 36fig4, 62, 109, 119
The Making of the President: 1964 (Wolper TV documentary), 109, 117–19
Malick, Terrence, 98
Mancini, Henry, 230–31n48
Mann, Delbert, 55
Manzanar (Nakamura/VC documentary), 10, 95, 99–100, 99fig12, 187
March of Time (Time-Life TV series), 109
March on the Pentagon, 78–79, 118
Margolis, Melvin, 78
Marquez, Rosamaria, 88
Marshall, William, 178
Martinelli, Bill, 60
Martin Luther King Jr. General Hospital, 133
Martinson, Leslie H., 212n28
Massood, Paula, 195
Maurice, Bob, 233–34n28
McCarran Internal Security Act (U.S.), 97
McCarthy, Anna, 25
McCarthy, Eugene, 118
McCone, John, 70
McCullough, Barbara, 101
McGovern, George, 118
McWilliams, Carey, 39
Meany, Don, 72–73
Media Urban Committee (UCLA), 97
Melinda (MGM feature), 132
Mellon, Louis, 46–47
Mendoza-Nava, Jaime, 64–65
Men in Crisis (Wolper documentary), 33
Menstruation Bathroom (Judy Chicago Womanhouse installation), 94
Meriwether, Louise, 122–23
Merv Griffin Productions (TV production company), 148
Metromedia (communications conglomerate), 83, 107–8, 114, 227nn2–3
Mexican American Cultural Center (UCLA), 95
Mexican Americans: and the Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional, 88; discrimination against, 85; as filmmakers, 206; historical roots of, 85, 87–88; in Hunger in America, 176; League of Mexican American Women, 85; Mexican American Cultural Center (UCLA), 95; stereotypes of, 65, 85; in the Vietnam War, 84. See also ¡Ahora!; Alonzo, John; Chavez, Cesar; Chicanos; Huerta, Dolores; La Raza Unida Party; Treviño, Jesús Salvador
MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) (film production company), 24fig3, 114, 132
Milestone Film and Video (film distribution company), 41–42, 207n3, 216n1, 216n4
minority liberation movements, 3–4, 10, 66, 119, 154, 173, 175
minority marginalization in L.A., 2, 42, 66, 69–106, 201, 206
Miura, Koshiro, 187
Moana (Flaherty documentary), 44
Model Cities program (U.S.), 88
the Monkees (pop music band), 176
Montalbán, Ricardo, 124
Monterey Pop (Pennebaker documentary), 134
Moore, Tom, 168
Moorman, Mary, 38
Moreno, Ed, 84–85
Mori, Johnny, 189
Morris, Greg, 230–31n48
Moses, Gilbert, 167
The Most Typical Avant-Garde (David James book), 5–6
Motown Records (soul music record label), 130, 133
Moyers, Bill, 110
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 70
Mrs. Lincoln’s Husband (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 163
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Capra feature), 158
Muller, Robert, 177–79
Murase, Mike, 96
Murphy, Mike, 80–81
Museum of Broadcasting (New York), 160
Myerhoff, Barbara, 12, 183–86, 245n31
My Hope for America (Lyndon Johnson book), 70
Mystic Warrior (Wolper TV docudrama), 205
Nakamura, Harukichi, 187–89
Nakamura, Robert: and America’s Concentration Camps exhibit, 97; in the Ethno-Communications program, 98; and Gidra, 96; Manzanar, 10, 95, 99–101, 99fig12, 187; and the Nehru exhibition, 96; as a photographer, 95–96; at UCLA, 96; and Visual Communications, 98; Wataridori, 12, 187–89, 193
The Naked City (Wald, writer), 59
Nanook of the North (Flaherty documentary), 44
Napoli, Nicholas, 17
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders report, 75, 123
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 122
National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference, 84
National Educational Television network, 83
National Endowment for the Arts, 206
National Endowment for the Humanities, 98, 101, 187, 206
National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act (1965) (U.S.), 70
Nation of Islam, 91
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 29
Nat Turner (Wolper film proposal), 123–26, 125fig14, 165
Nat Turner: A Troublesome Property (Charles Burnett documentary), 231n52
NBC (National Broadcasting Company): The Age of Kennedy, 39; David Brinkley’s Journal, 72; documentary output of, 15; The Glorious Fourth, 159, 238–39n30; and Losers Weepers, 73; NBC White Paper, 25; Project XX, 18, 29; and The Race for Space, 19; Sandburg’s Lincoln, 11, 163–64, 171; Wolper Productions as documentary rival to, 58
Nehru: His Life and His India exhibition, 96
Neighbors of Watts (NOW), 124, 126
NET Journal (WNET documentary series), 91–92
NET Playhouse (TV docudrama series), 161
New Deal (Roosevelt social program), 45
New Frontier (Kennedy social program): overview, 13–66; announced in Los Angeles, 118, 203; and civil rights, 23; and Hollywood, 25; liberalism of, 203; and the Soviet Union, 23; and the space race, 19; and Wolper Productions, 10, 15–40, 31, 106
Newhall, Nancy, 95
New Hollywood, 11, 98, 135, 148
New Left, 79, 118. See also leftist community and filmmaking
New Right, 9, 205. See also conservatism
Newsreel (film collective), 8, 78–83, 177
The New Voices of Watts (Stuart Schulberg documentary), 74
New Wave cinema, 40, 49–50, 91
Nez Perce Indian tribe, 164–65, 172
The Night They Raided Minsky’s (Friedkin feature), 114
Night Tide (Harrington feature; Lapenieks, cameraman), 22, 59
Nine from Little Rock (USIA documentary), 63
Nishio, Alan, 97
Nix, Orville, 38
Nixon, Richard: and the American bicentennial, 154–55, 237n5; black capitalism supported by, 129–30; Nixon-Kennedy debates, 23, 34–35; in presidential campaign of 1968, 118; resignation of, 154–55
Noriega, Chon, 85
North and South (Wolper TV docudrama), 205
NOW (National Organization for Women), 92, 95
NOW (Neighbors of Watts), 124, 126, 230–31n48
Number Our Days (Myerhoff book; Littman/Myerhoff documentary), 12, 183–86
The Nursery (Wollenman Womanhouse installation), 94
Nurturant Kitchen (Hodgetts/Weltsch Womanhouse installation), 93–94
O’Connell, P. J., 33–34
Office of Economic Development (L.A.), 157
Office of Economic Opportunity (U.S.), 84
Off the Pig (Newsreel documentary), 79–80
Olympics (1960), 28
Olympics (1980), 203
Olympics (1984), 9, 12, 154, 202–6, 238–39n30
Once a Daughter (Littman documentary), 245n31
Ongiri, Amy Abugo, 131
On the Bowery (Rogosin feature), 56–57
Operation Breadbasket Choir, 91
Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), 144–45
Organization of African Unity, 146
Orgel, Sandra, 94
Orkin, Ruth, 56
Oscar (Academy Award): Brando’s refusal of, 164; to Harold Mirisch, 230–31n48; to Heart and Minds, 178; to In the Heat of the Night, 121; to The Longest Day, 31; Man in Space nominated for, 210–11n16; to Number Our Days, 186; The Race for Space nominated for, 19, 210–11n16; to World Without Sun, 113
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 37–39, 114
The Outsider (Mann feature), 55
Outterbridge, John, 90
Paley, William, 160
Palmer, Charles “Cap,” 49
Pan-Africanism, 102
Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra, 90
Paramount News (newsreel film library), 33
Paramount Pictures Inc. (film production company), 4–5, 20, 43, 114, 130, 132, 147
Parker, William, 70
Parks, Gordon, Jr., 167
Parks, Gordon, Sr., 95, 130, 230–31n48
Parks, Trina, 147–48
Parthenon Pictures (film production company), 48–50
Patton, George, IV, 177
payola (record air-play scheme), 148
PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), 9, 83, 86, 89, 155–56, 179–80, 206. See also KCET; WNET
Peace and Freedom Party, 184
Penick, Thomas, 101
Penn, Arthur, 233n27
The Peoples Bicentennial Commission, 242n2
People’s Republic of China, 25
People’s Rights Organization (Little Tokyo), 193
The People vs. Paul Crump (Friedkin TV documentary), 111
Perlman, Allison, 75–76
Personal Environment (Huddleston Womanhouse installation), 94
Peters, Pamela, 216n4
Peterson, Louis, 123–24
Petetan, Donnell, 76–77
Pickett, Wilson, 134
Pieces of a Dream (Eddie Wong/VC documentary), 189, 191
Playhouse 90 (TV drama series; Wald, writer), 59
Plaza de la Raza (L.A.), 88
Poulson, Norris, 45
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 122
Power and the Land (Ivens documentary), 44
Power to the Playgroup (Littman/KCET documentary), 93
Prairie Lawyer (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 163
Prelude to War (Wolper TV documentary; Mackenzie, editor), 59, 112
Primary (Drew Associates documentary), 33–35
Project Apollo (lunar landing mission), 110–11
Project One (UCLA student film assignments), 97, 99–100, 103, 106
Project XX (NBC documentary series), 18, 29
Promises Made, Promises Kept (Wolper documentary), 117
Proposition 13 (L.A. ballot initiative), 204
Proposition 14 (L.A. ballot initiative), 71
Pryor, Richard, 11, 127, 136, 141–42, 146, 148
PT 109 (book and Warner Bros. film), 115, 212n28
Public Broadcasting Act (U.S.) (1967), 70, 83
Public Historian (journal), 7, 208n13
public history, 6–10, 85, 106, 153, 161, 174–75, 208n13
public housing, 45, 55, 90, 217n19
public television: and Cold War liberalism, 83; documentary films advanced by, 6, 10; early docudramas on, 161; ethnic diversity in programming by, 84; government support for, 83–84, 179; and the Kerner Commission Report, 84; Littman on, 186; minority communities served by, 95; Nixon’s attacks on, 179; and political climate shifts, 179–80; Wolper Productions inroads into, 123; women in, vs. commercial TV, 183. See also Corporation for Public Broadcasting; KCET; PBS
Public Television: A Program for Action (Carnegie Commission report), 83–84
Pulido, Laura, 80
QB VII (Uris novel), 167
Queen of Blood (Arkoff feature; Lapenieks cameraman), 22
The Quest for Peace (Wolper documentary), 37
The Quiet One (Meyers documentary), 44
The Race for Space (Wolper documentary), 2, 16–20, 22, 210–11n16
The Race for the Moon (Wolper documentary), 110–11
racism/racial discrimination: and American mass media, 75–76; in blaxploitation films, 194; Bradley vs., 156; in commercial television, 102; and Darktown Strutters, 148; and economic exploitation, 81; in the entertainment industry, 76–77, 101–3, 119; Ethno-Communications vs., 102; in Hollywood, 65, 101–2, 194; independent documentaries on, 71; and The Klansman, 147; at KNXT, 75; in L.A., 117; and Proposition 14, 71; and Soledad, 89; at WLBT, 75–76; and Wolper Productions, 9, 27–28. See also African Americans; Asian Americans; Mexican Americans
Radford, J. Allen, 184
Radical History Review (journal), 7
Rado, Jim, 92
Rafelson, Bob, 175–76
The Rafer Johnson Story (Wolper TV documentary), 2, 27–29, 59, 118–19, 133
Ragni, Jerry, 92
Raíces de Sangre (Roots of Blood) (Treviño feature), 180–82
Rainbow Pictures (film production company), 178
Raksin, Ruby, 29
Ralph Story’s Los Angeles (KNXT TV series), 75
Raybert Productions (film production company), 176
La Raza Nueva (Treviño documentary), 84
Reagan, Ronald, 7, 12, 118, 202–4
The Rebels (KNBC series), 182
Redding, Otis, 234n38
Red Power movement, 164
Reed, Rex, 178
Reir, John, 101
religion, 77, 91, 140–41, 169, 198, 217n19
Renov, Michael, 79
Repression (Hicks/Murphy documentary), 81–82
Revolution in the Three R’s (Wolper TV documentary), 111
Reynolds, Tommy, 51
Richardson, Donald K., 169
Rich Man, Poor Man (Irwin Shaw novel; ABC docudrama), 167–68
“La Rielera” (Mexican Revolution song), 88
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (Wolper documentary), 112
Robertson, Cliff, 115
Rocha, Glauber, 194
“Rodeo” (Copeland composition), 202
Rogosin, Lionel, 56–57
Rohauer, Raymond, 113
Romero, Ned, 164–65
Romney, George, 118
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 31
Roots (Haley novel; Wolper/ABC docudrama): overview, 153–74; and the American bicentennial, 149, 153–54, 167, 173–74; in American melodrama tradition, 165; book vs. docudrama titles of, 170; cast and characters of, 168, 171–72; on the cover of Time magazine, critics’ reviews of, 169, 171–74; and the debates on the bicentennial, 149; as docudrama innovator, 153; as Emmy award winner, 169; and ethnic white revival, 173; and Killer of Sheep, 200–201; as media event, 165–74; and minorities in America, 200–201; origins of, 165–67; plot of, 153, 168, 171; premier of, 153; production crew of, 167–68; publicity for, 169, 200; ratings/share of, 169; and slavery, 154, 168–69, 171–73, 200; stills from, 172fig22; target audience for, 200–201; as Time magazine cover story, 170–71, 170fig21; women in, 168
Rose, Barbara, 80
Rosen, Morrie, 185–86
Rostow, Walt, 177–78
Ruby, Jack, 37–39
Rush to Judgment (Lane book), 114
Rusk, Dean, 110
Russell, Catherine, 53
Ryan, Cornelius, 30
Ryden, Hope, 32
Sad Figure Laughing (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 163
Saga of Western Man (TV docudrama series), 161
Salazar, Rubén, 86–87
Salt of the Earth (Biberman feature), 80
Saltzman, Joe, 71, 74–76, 78, 206. See also Black on Black
Sandburg, Carl, 11, 163–64, 171
Sandburg’s Lincoln (Wolper/NBC TV docudrama), 11, 163–64, 171
“The Sand-Clock Day” (Dolan autobiographical essay), 73
Sanders, Terry, 42
San Francisco Broadcasting Industry Award, 86
Sanjinés, Jorge, 194
Saul, Scott, 142
The Savage Eye (Meyers feature), 56
Savage World of the Coral Jungle (Wolper TV documentary), 113
A Scandal in Paris (Sirk feature; Deinum, research director), 43
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 98, 118, 120, 163
Schlesinger, John, 233n27
Schneider, Bert, 176–78
Schomburg Collection for Research in Black Culture (Harlem), 144
Schrader, Paul, 98
Schulberg, Stuart: The Angry Voices of Watts, 73–74; Cold War outlook of, 72; criticism of, 78; Losers Weepers, 74; The New Voices of Watts, 74; as public affairs programming producer, 71
Schwartz, Murray, 148
Scott, Johnie, 73
Screen Directors Guild of America, 50
Seale, Bobby, 80
Second Cinema, 97
The Second Oswald (Popkin book), 114
Sekka, Johnny, 146
Self-Leadership for All Nationalities Today (SLANT) (Watts), 128
The Selling of the Pentagon (Peter Davis/CBS TV documentary), 176
Senshin Buddhist Temple (L.A.), 190
Sesame Street (PBS series), 89
Seung-Hyun, Yoo, 216n4
Seven Days in the Life of the President (Wolper documentary), 109–10
77 Sunset Strip (TV series), 20
Several Friends (Burnett Project One film), 103–6, 104fig13, 195–96
Shadows (Cassavetes feature), 56, 57
Shaft (Parks Sr. feature), 126, 130–32, 234–35n42
Shaw, Irwin, 167
Shaw, Larry, 127, 131, 135, 135fig15, 142, 146, 148, 233n20
Sherman, Jimmie, 73
Shriver, Sargent, 28
Shuker, Gregory, 32
Sickle Cell Anemia Foundation, 133
Sieving, Christopher, 119, 126
Sifuentes, Frank, 84
Silver Streak (Pryor in cast of), 148
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 86–87
Sirk, Douglas, 43
The $64,000 Question (TV quiz show), 17
A Skill for Molina (Mackenzie documentary), 61, 64–65
slaves and slavery, 130, 134, 137, 162, 182, 206. See also The Confessions of Nat Turner; Roots
Smith, James McCune, 182
Soh, John, 24fig3
Soja, Edward, 199
Solanas, Fernando, 97
Soledad (Booker and Treviño documentary), 89
Something’s Rotten in Little Tokyo (Eddie Wong/VC documentary), 193
Sontag, Susan, 91
Sorensen, Theodore C., 212n27
Soul: America’s Most Soulful Newspaper (L.A. journal), 143, 145fig19
Soulsville U.S.A. (Stax Records), 129
Soul to Soul (Bock/Sanders documentary), 134
South Central L.A., 230–31n48; African Americans residents of, 69–72; Booker’s studio as social destination in, 90; in Killer of Sheep, 195–96, 199–201; mainstream media representations of, 71–72; and NOW, 124; racial inequality in, 148; social fracture in, 199–200; South Central Community Child Care Center, 124, 230–31n48; and Wattstax, 134–36, 143; and Watts Writers Workshop, 144
Southeast Asia: imperialist presence in, 177; independent documentaries on, 71; Johnson’s investment in, 117–18; liberation movements in, 96; in network TV specials, 25; Newsreel’s focus on, 81; resistance to American involvement in, 108; and The Selling of the Pentagon, 176–77; in Seven Days, 110. See also Vietnam war
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 122, 129
The Southerner (Renoir), 102
Soviet Union: 1984 Olympics boycotted by, 204–5; and The Bridge at Remagen, 115–16; in Cold War era films, 209n5; and the New Frontier program, 23; and The Race for Space, 2, 18; and tensions with the U.S., 204–5; threat posed by, 25; and the USIA, 42. See also communists and Communism; Sputnik
space race, 16–20, 22, 110–11, 209n5, 210–11n16
The Spanish Earth (Ivens documentary), 44
Speaking for Myself (Deinum book), 43–44
Special Report: Sputnik 1 (CBS news report), 18
Spector, Phil, 60
The Spirit of America (Daarstad documentary), 59
Sputnik (Soviet satellite), 10, 16–18, 48, 209n5
Stanton, Frank, 158
Staples, Roebuck “Pops,” 140
Staples, Yvonne, 140
Staple Singers (Soul and Gospel group), 127, 140, 234n38
Stax Records (black-owned, soul music record label): affiliates of, 142; artists of, performing in L.A., 236n63; in bankruptcy, 148; Bell as owner of, 129–30; and the Black Power movement, 129; and CBS Records, 148; Gulf and Western’s purchase of, 130; and The Klansman, 147; Memphis recording studio of, 129; Motown Records as competitor to, 130, 133; as Soulsville U.S.A., 129; and Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song, 130–31; TV ventures of, 148; and Wattstax, 135–36, 148; and Wolper Productions, 11, 127. See also Wattstax
Stax West (Stax Records Southern California Satellite), 133
Sterling Television (TV film production company), 26
Stern, Bert, 56
Stevens, George, Jr., 61–63, 159, 161
Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma, 102
Stewart, John J., 173
Storper, Michael, 20
Story of . . . (Wolper TV documentary series), 29–30, 59, 115
Story of a Rodeo Cowboy (Wolper TV documentary), 59–60
Stout, Bill, 111
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 165
Strong, Jimmy, 197
Stuart, Mel: and The Bold Men, 112; and Four Days, 37; and The Making of the President:1960, 35–36; photo of, 22fig2; and Project XX, 18; and The Race for Space, 22; and The Twentieth Century, 17–18; as Wattstax director, 127, 133–35, 146; on Wolper’s staff, 10, 17–18, 24fig3, 58, 108
Students for a Democratic Society, 78–81
Styron, William: The Confessions of Nat Turner, 11, 119–24; Lie Down in Darkness, 119; The Long March, 119
Sunset Strip, 15, 20, 21fig1, 107, 211n21
Super Fly (Parks Jr./Warner Bros. feature), 132, 167
Super Fly T.N.T (Paramount feature; Haley, co-author), 167
“Superman Comes to the Supermarket” (Mailer article), 34
Suzuki, Bob, 96
Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song (Melvin Van Peebles feature), 126, 130–32
tabloid television, 205
Take a Giant Step (Louis Peterson play), 123
Tapp, Jesse, 83
Tapscott, Horace, 90
Taylor, Clyde, 101
Taylor, Jeanne, 74
Taylor, Jim, 133
Taylor, Johnnie, 234n38
Tebbel, John, 36
Teenage Caveman (Corman feature; Daarstad cinematographer), 1
The Teenage Revolution (Wolper TV documentary), 60–61
television: African Americans as portrayed on, 27, 76–77; American Indians as portrayed on, 54, 55; changes in, 4, 42, 106; Daarstad and, 2–3; and documentary films, 8, 31, 33, 37, 84–85; east coast vs. L.A. productions of, 16; entertainment TV, 16; vs. the film industry, 26–27; filmmaking by TV studios, 4–5, 20; independent TV and filmmakers, 17, 20; inner-city issues as topics of, 77; and JFK, 23–25, 35; L.A. as industry center of, 23, 63, 71; Martin Luther King’s recommendations for, 75; Mexican American productions for, 84–85, 88–89; and minor cinema, 5; minorities as presented in, 43; Minow’s views on, 25; network renegades in, 72; Newsreel vs., 79; proliferation of, 2, 4, 20, 48, 210n7; racial stereotypes presented on, 76–77, 101; reality programming, 202; and Southeast Asia, 25; and the space race, 2, 16–20, 22; Stax Records’ ventures in, 148; tabloid television, 205; Watts Uprising covered by, 69; Wolper Productions status as TV producer for, 36; Wolper’s early encounter with, 17, 210n11. See also ABC; CBS; commercial television; educational television; Hollywood; Kennedy, John F.; KNXT; KTLA; KTTV; NBC; PBS; public television; Sterling Television; Wolper Productions
Television (trade publication), 20
Testament (Littman feature), 245n31
Thandeka (Sue Booker), 225n58
That’s Entertainment (Haley/Twentieth Century-Fox documentary), 160
The Dramatics (R&B group), 137
Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston novel), 165–66
They’ve Killed President Lincoln! (Wolper Productions docudrama), 162
The Thin Blue Line (Friedkin/Wolper TV documentary), 114
Third Cinema, 79–80, 97, 102, 105, 194
Third World Ethnic Bookstore (L.A.), 90, 182
Third World Film Club, 194
This America (Lyndon Johnson photo-book), 108
Thomas, Rufus and Carla, 127
The Thorn Birds (Wolper TV docudrama), 205
A Thousand Days (Schlesinger Jr. book), 39
A Thousand Days: A Tribute to John F. Kennedy (Wolper documentary), 37
Tijerina, Reies López, 87–88
Till Death Do Us Part (Littman/KCET documentary), 183
“Time Is Tight” (Booker T. and the MG’s song), 131
Time-Life, Inc., 109
The Time of the Blue Jay (Chew teledrama), 74
To Be Me: Tony Quon (Lau/Miller documentary), 191
Torre, Marie, 19
Torres, Luis, 85
Torres, Miguel, 180
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 87
Trendell, George, 177
Treviño, Jesús Salvador: Acción Chicano, 88–89; ¡Ahora! 84–85; América Tropical, 10, 86–87, 87fig10; awards and recognition received by, 86–87; Chicano Moratorium: The Aftermath, 86; and El Teatro Campesino, 179–80, 243n11; Image, 85; at KCET, 84–85, 95, 179, 182; La Raza History, 85; “L.A. Thirteen,” 84; leftist politics of, 243n11; Manzanar viewed by, 100; Mexican American satellite station established by, 85; Raíces de Sangre (Roots of Blood), 180–82; La Raza Nueva, 84; Ya Basta! 84; Yo Soy Chicano, 87–88, 181
Troops Patrol L.A. (Universal Newsreel coverage), 69
Truman, Harry S., 29
Truth, Sojourner, 182
Turman, Lawrence, 124, 230–31n48
Turman, Suzanne, 124
Turner, Ike and Tina, 134
Turner, Nat, 120, 173. See also The Confessions of Nat Turner; Nat Turner
The Twentieth Century (CBS documentary series), 18, 29
Twentieth Century-Fox (film production studio), 31, 43, 119–21, 123–26, 160
Tyler, Bruce M., 128
UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles): Burnett at, 102–3, 195; Center for Afro-American Studies at, 95; Ethnic Studies Centers at, 95; Ethno-Communications program of, 97–98, 101–2, 187; impact on local documentary filmmaking, 71–72; and Larry Clark, 148; Nakamura at, 96; Project One assignments at, 97, 99–100, 103, 106; and Roderick Young, 148; student film ownership at, 97–98; and VC, 187, 191
Ueberroth, Peter, 203
Uggams, Leslie, 168
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe novel), 165
The Undersea World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau (Wolper TV documentary), 113, 227–28n9
United Artists (film production company), 114, 124
United Farm Workers Union, 89
United in Progress (USIA documentary), 63
United States Information Agency. See USIA
United States v. Paramount Pictures Inc., 4, 20, 43
university involvement in filmmaking, 6–10, 71–72, 95–101. See also UCLA; USC
Unwilling Warrior (Sandburg’s Lincoln episode), 163
Uptight (Dassin/Paramount feature), 130–32
Uptown Saturday Night (Pryor in cast of), 148
Uris, Leon, 167
USA (Dos Passos novel), 167
USA ‘76—The First 200 Years exhibition, 157
USC (University of Southern California): and Bunker Hill-1956, 47; Daarstad at, 1–3, 44; Deinum on faculty of, 1, 40, 43; and The Exiles, 41–42; Haley Jr. at, 18; Mackenzie at, 40, 43–44; and Myerhoff, 183; Saltzman at, 74; Wolper at, 17
Ushio, David, 100
USIA (United States Information Agency): aims and purposes of, 62–64; film productions of, 62–63, 220n55; and the Great Society initiatives abroad, 65; independent filmmaking promoted by, 63–64; Invitation to India, 63; and JFK, 61–62; John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums commissioned by, 39, 65–66; and Mackenzie, 10, 42, 61; Murrow as director of, 2, 61–62; Nine from Little Rock, 63; The Rafer Johnson Story purchased by, 28; A Skill for Molina, 65; and the Soviet Union, 42; and Stevens Jr., 61–63; United in Progress, 63; and Wolper Productions, 22, 28, 58, 63
US Organization (black nationalist organization), 82, 128
Valdez, Daniel, 190–91
Vanishing Point (Sarafian/Spencer feature; John Alonzo, cinematographer), 115
Van Peebles, Melvin, 126, 130–32
Varda, Agnès, 92
Varney, William, 46–47
Vásquez, Esperanza, 84
VC. See Visual Communications
Venice (California), 12, 80, 95–96, 183–86
Venice (Italy) Film Festival, 19, 47, 56, 62
Venice Canal Association, 184
Venice West Café, 184
“Victory Will Be My Moan” (Booker Doin’ It episode), 90
Vietnam war: and the American bicentennial, 155; Chicano Moratorium’s protest against, 86; and Diary of a Student Revolution, 92; film collectives’ and documentarians’ protests against, 8–9; Johnson’s escalation of, 110; and Johnson’s popularity, 117–18; and The Making of the President: 1968, 117; and the March on the Pentagon, 118; Mexican American casualties in, 84; remembrance of, 175, 177–78; and Vietnamization, 177; Visual Communications’ protest against, 98; and Wolper Productions, 110, 114–15. See also Hearts and Minds; Southeast Asia
Violence in the City—An End or a Beginning? (Brown Commission on the L.A. Riots report), 70
Visions (KCET social drama series), 180
Visions of Eight (Wolper documentary), 133
Visual Communications (VC) (filmmakers collective): aims and purposes of, 98; Asian American engagement promoted by, 194; Asian immigrants’ rights promoted by, 187; Chinatown Two-Step, 189, 191; Cruisin’ J-Town, 190fig24, 191; Kites and Other Tales, 191; Nakamura at, 98; origins of, 98, 226n76; photography collections of, 12, 101; Pieces of a Dream, 191; and public universities, 95–101; Something’s Rotten in Little Tokyo, 193; and UCLA, 187, 191; Wataridori, 187, 191, 193
Viva (actress), 92
Vorkapić, Slavko, 34
Voting Rights Act (1965), 70
Walker, Algernon G., 45
Walker, Chris, 89
Walker, Margaret, 166
The Walt Disney Company, 4–5, 18
Warner, Jack, Jr., 31
Warner Bros. (film production company), 1, 4–5, 114, 132, 146, 178, 203
War Relocation Authority, 96
Warren Commission Report, 37, 38, 114
Washington, Dinah, 196
Wataridori (Nakamura/VC documentary), 12, 187–89, 191
Watergate scandal, 155
Watson, Mary Ann, 23
Watts (L.A. neighborhood): daily life in, 76–78; filmmaking in, 10; and Killer of Sheep, 199–200; and Neighbors of Watts, 124; as portrayed in Wattstax, 128, 136–42; post-uprising, 72, 138, 199–200, 221n2; religious diversity in, 77; in Several Friends, 103; Watts Summer Festival, 11, 126–29, 143. See also Black on Black; Watts Uprising
“Watts ‘68: So Young, So Angry” (Stuart Schulberg article), 74
Watts Happening Coffee House, 69, 72–73, 128
Watts Prophets (poetry performers), 90
Watts: Riot or Revolt (CBS Reports documentary), 70
Wattstax (Wolper/Stax documentary): overview, 127–49; advertising and promotion of, 134, 142, 144fig18, 146–47; Ahmanson Theater as opening venue for, 142–43; and the Black Power movement, 138; and Bradley, 143; Cannes Film Festival screening of, 146; charitable organizations receiving proceeds of, 133, 144–45; cinema verité style of, 11; Columbia Pictures as distributor of, 134–35; community-building functions of, 141–43, 146; critics’ reviews of, 143–47, 234n33; filmed in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, 11; fundraising for, 142, 230–31n48; initial proposals for, 133; International Jazz Festival screening of, 146; Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum location of, 127; Los Angeles Music Center as opening venue for, 142–43; music as an empowering language in, 128; production crew of, 11, 195; Pryor in, 136, 140–42, 148; Stax Records’ editorial control over, 135–36; and Stax’s highpoint/decline, 148; stills from, 139figs16–17; as Watts community portrait, 128, 136–42; Watts Writers Workshop screening of, 146; Wolper affiliates on, 142; as Wolper Productions pivot project, 148–49
Watts Uprising: and the Black Power movement, 4; causes of, 70–71; and civil rights, 70; commercial TV coverage of, 71–73; losses resulting from, 199–200, 221n2; mainstream media coverage of, 69–78; Pryor on, 136; Watts after, 72, 138, 199–200, 221n2; and the Watts Summer Festival (1972), 127, 128–29; and Wattstax, 127–29, 137–38, 141; and Wolper Productions, 107
Watts Writers Workshop, 72–74, 124, 144
Waxman, Stephanie, 80
Wayne, John, 31
The Way Out Men (Wolper TV documentary), 111
Welcome Back, Kotter (Wolper TV series), 240n49
Welcome Home Brother Charles (Fanaka feature), 195
Welcome to Los Angeles: Olympic City, 1984 (promotional film), 204
West, Eugene, 122
West, Mae, 26
West Africa Kumasi Drummers, 134
“West End Blues” (Louis Armstrong recording), 197–98
Westminster Neighborhood Association (Watts), 72
Westmoreland, William, 177
Weston, Kim, 137
Wexler, Sy, 56
WGN-TV (Chicago TV station), 19, 111
What Harvest for the Reaper (NET Journal episode), 92
What Is It (Booker/KNBC TV docudrama series), 182
White, Poppy Cannon, 73
White, Theodore H., 34–35, 62, 109, 117–18
Whitfield, Vantile, 122
Whitmore, James, 164
“Who Is a Chicano? And What Is It the Chicanos Want?” (Treviño article), 87
Widener, Daniel, 156
Wiegand, Dan, 43
Wilcots, Joseph, 167
The Wild Bunch (Peckinpah feature; Walon Green, writer), 115
Williams, Daniel Hale, 182
Williams, Linda, 165
Williams, Yvonne, 51
William Styron’s Nat Turner: Ten Black Writers Respond (Clarke, editor), 121
Wilson, Gertrude, 121
Wise, Robert, 230–31n48
WLBT (Jackson, Mississippi TV station), 75–76
WMS Associates (black marketing firm), 142
WNET (New York PBS affiliate), 91–92
Wolper, David: Adinolfi Jr. on, 209n4; as American Revolution Bicentennial Advisory Council chairman, 158; and Community Television of Southern California, 31–32; and educational TV, 31–32; and Flamingo Films, 17; and JFK, 15; as KCET founder, 83; as L.A. Olympics opening ceremony organizer, 202; as LAOOC vice chair, 203; and the Los Angeles International Film Exposition, 158; on Minow, 15; as Mr. Documentary, 15–16; and Nat Turner, 122, 126; photos of, 22fig2, 166fig20; and Roots‘s publicity, 169; and the South Central Community Child Care Center, 124, 230–31n48; at USC, 17; Walk of Fame Star dedicated to, 160; and Wattstax, 127, 146, 148–49, 230–31n48; working methods of, 32–33
Wolper, Dawn, 124
Wolper Productions (film production company): and the American bicentennial, 9, 158; awards and recognition received by, 29, 36, 62, 160, 164, 169; and the Black Power movement, 11; categories of, 26; and civil rights, 6, 16, 27, 133–34, 160–61; and The Confessions of Nat Turner, 119–26, 134; creation of, 17–18; Daarstad at, 1–2, 59–60; and Friedkin, 111–12; Great Society documentaries produced by, 106, 108–14; and The Green Berets, 115, 228n14; growth of, 15–16, 20, 31–32; and JFK, 10, 15–40, 107–8, 114; labor network of, 24fig3; as L.A. Olympics opening ceremonies producer, 202–3; and Lyndon Johnson, 34, 36–37, 108–9; and Metromedia, 83, 107–8, 114; minority subjects in, 240n49; and Nat Turner (formerly The Confessions of Nat Turner), 123–26; and the New Frontier program, 10, 15–40, 106; and New Hollywood, 11; and the Olympics of 1972, 233n27; political climate shifts threatening, 106; and public television, 123; social/political policies of, 25; and the space race, 16–20; and Stax Records, 11, 127; Sunset Strip location of, 21fig1; talent recruited by, 58–59, 111; and TV documentary production, 9, 15–22, 30–31, 36; Twentieth Century-Fox’s collaboration with, 119; and the USIA, 22, 28, 58, 63; and the Vietnam War, 110, 114–15; West Hollywood location of, 228n13; women in, 214n48. See also docudramas
Wolper Productions films, docudramas, and TV series: Appointment with Destiny, 162; And Away We Go, 112–13; Biography, 29; Biography of a Rookie: The Willie Davis Story, 27–28, 59, 133; The Bridge at Remagen, 115–16; Chico and the Man, 240n49; China: The Roots of Madness, 112; Crossing Fox River, 164, 171; D-Day, 30–31; The Devil’s Brigade, 115; The Epic of Flight, 113; Escape to Freedom, 28; Four Days in November, 10, 33, 37–39; France: Conquest to Liberation, 112; The General, 112; Get Christie Love! 240n49; Hollywood: The Fabulous Era, 26–27; Hollywood: The Golden Years, 26; If It’s Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium, 229n24; Japan: A New Dawn over Asia, 112; Korea: The 38th Parallel, 112; Last Days, 164; The Legend of Marilyn Monroe, 33; Los Angeles: Where It’s At, 116–17; The Making of the President: 1960, 10, 15, 33–36, 36fig4, 62, 109, 119; The Making of the President: 1964, 109–10, 117–19; The Making of the President: 1968, 117–18, 119; Men in Crisis, 33; Mrs. Lincoln’s Husband, 163; Mystic Warrior, 205; North and South, 205; Prairie Lawyer, 163; Prelude to War, 112; The Quest for Peace, 37; The Race for Space, 2, 16–20, 22, 210–11n16; The Rafer Johnson Story, 2, 27–29, 59, 118–19, 133; Revolution in the Three R’s, 111; The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 112; Sad Figure Laughing, 163; Sandburg’s Lincoln, 11, 163–64, 171; Savage World of the Coral Jungle, 113; Story of . . . series, 29–30, 59; They’ve Killed President Lincoln! 162; The Thin Blue Line, 114; The Thorn Birds, 205; A Thousand Days, 37; The Undersea World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, 113, 227–28n9; Unwilling Warrior, 163; Visions of Eight, 133; Wattstax, 127–49; The Way Out Men, 111; Welcome Back, Kotter, 240n49; Welcome to Los Angeles: Olympic City, 1984, 204; The World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, 113, 227–28n9; The World Turned Upside Down, 162; The Yanks Are Coming, 162
Womanhouse (art installation venue), 93–94
Womanhouse Is Not a Home (Littman/KCET documentary), 10, 93–94
Woman’s Building (L.A. artist’s venue), 95, 183, 225n69
women: Bradley’s job programs for, 155–56; in The Confessions of Nat Turner, 121, 123–24; in conservative political climates, 206; discrimination against, 71, 79, 93; documentarians addressing the needs of, 206; International Women’s Year, 183; League of Mexican American Women, 85; Los Angeles Council of Women Artists, 93; Mexican American women’s organization, 88; and sexism, 9, 71; at Wolper Productions, 214n48. See also The Confessions of Nat Turner; Womanhouse
Women for Equality in Media, 183
women in the film and TV industries, 83, 91–93, 183. See also Booker, Sue; Littman, Lynne; Roots
women’s liberation movement, 88, 91–92, 94, 114
women’s organizations, 85, 88. See also NOW (National Organization for Women)
Wong Sinsaang (Wong documentary), 100
Wood, Natalie, 116–17, 230–31n48
Woodstock (Warner Brothers documentary), 134, 146, 233–34n28
Workers’ Meeting (Siqueiros mural), 86–87
“The Workin’ Machine” (Sherman poem), 73
“The World of Franklin and Jefferson” (Eames’s exhibit), 157
The World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau (Wolper TV documentary), 113, 227–28n9
The World Turned Upside Down (Wolper TV docudrama), 162
WPIX (New York TV station), 19
Wright, Richard, 97
Ya Basta! (Treviño documentary), 84
Yamamoto, Danny, 189–90
Yang, C. K., 27–28
Yanki No! (Drew Associates TV documentary), 214n49
The Yanks Are Coming (Wolper TV docudrama), 162
Yellow Power movement, 95–96
Yniguez, Richard, 180
Yo’ People rhythm and blues ensemble, 90
“Yo Soy Joaquín” (Gonzales poem), 88
Young, A. S. “Doc,” 28–29, 121
Young, Charles, 95
Young, Colin, 98
Young, John, 97–98
Young, Roderick, 135, 148, 195, 245–46n40
Youngblood, Gene, 80
Youth International Party, 176
Zanuck, Darryl F., 30–31
Ziffren, Paul, 230–31n48
Z-J Associates (black marketing firm), 142
Zsigmond, Vilmos, 114–15