Tables

TABLE 2.1: Foreign aid and monitoring, 1975–2004

TABLE 2.2: Sanctions and monitoring, 1975–2004

TABLE 2.3: Mean values of government stability and corruption in the year before the election

TABLE 2.4: The activities of international monitoring organizations in national elections

TABLE 2.5: Mission characteristics, 1975–2004

TABLE 3.1: Thirty-four disputed elections, 1990–2004

TABLE 3.2: Strictest monitoring assessments when one organization is present versus when more are present

TABLE 4.1: Predicted probabilities of endorsement

TABLE 4.2: Election irregularities

TABLE 5.1: Main categories of irregularities

TABLE 6.1: Summary of mechanisms, observable implications, and modifying factors

TABLE 7.1: Distribution of election quality

TABLE 7.2: Coding and distribution of the “Problems” variable

TABLE 7.3: Distribution of elections in terms of quality and monitoring

TABLE 8.1: Monitoring effort

TABLE 8.2: Least and most effective areas of improvement as of 2009

TABLE 8.3: Primary factors affecting long-term results

TABLE A.1: Average intercoder reliability scores

TABLE A.2: Main categories of variables

TABLE A.3: Election quality variables

TABLE A.4: Election attributes other than quality

TABLE A.5: Mission attributes

TABLE A.6: Country variables

TABLE B.1: Determinants of most critical overall assessment by monitors

TABLE C.1: Ordered logit of monitors’ overall election assessment

TABLE D.1: Determinants of the three different measures of election quality

TABLE D.2: Predicted values for Table D.1, Model 2

TABLE D.3: The effect of quality monitoring on election outcomes

TABLE D.4: Alternative subsets

TABLE D.5: Model 1 specifications: Election quality

TABLE D.6: Model 2 specifications: Problems

TABLE D.7: Model 3 specifications: Turnover

TABLE D.8: Model 4 specifications: Election quality

TABLE D.9: Model 5 specifications: Election quality

TABLE D.10: Model 6 specifications: Problems

TABLE D.11: Model 7 specifications: Problems

TABLE D.12: Model 8 specifications: Turnover

TABLE D.13: Model 9 specifications: Turnover