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Page numbers in italics denote information in maps.
71st Highlander Regiment, 197, 201–2
Acland, John, 139
Adams, Abigail, 23, 36, 60–1, 64, 202, 242
Adams, John, 19, 23, 41, 60, 70, 219, 245
on Battle of Long Island, 80
Lafayette’s meeting with in 1824, 242
and Treaty of Paris, 237
on Washington, 72
Adams, Samuel, 17, 20, 24, 133
Addison, Joseph, 147
Alexander, Sarah Livingston, 66–7
Alexander, William (Lord Stirling), 66–9, 74–8, 95, 126, 146, 154, 156, 239
Allen, Ethan, 28–31, 38, 111–12
Allen, Thomas “the Fighting Parson,” 119
American Revolution, battles and campaigns
Bemis Heights, Battle of, 117, 133, 135–41
Bennington, Battle, of, 116, 117, 118, 172, 194
Brandywine Creek, Battle of, 125–6, 128, 147, 163, 190, 207, 234, 239, 247
Bunker (Breeds) Hill, Battle of, 33–5
Camden, Battle of, 175–80
Canada, Invasion of, 39–54
Charleston, Siege of, 171–5, 180, 229
Cowpens, Battle of, 197–202
Dorchester Heights, fortification of, 59–64
Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 212–13
Fort Washington, Battle of, 96–8
Germantown, Battle of, 128, 128–9, 142, 207, 234
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of, 208, 210, 212, 216
Hobkirk’s Hill, Battle of, 210–11
Kings Mountain, Battle of, 192–4
Lexington and Concord, Battles of, 23–4, 27
Long Island, Battle of, 66–76, 76, 77–80
Monmouth Courthouse, Battle of, 153–6, 165, 181, 234, 239, 241
Paoli Massacre, 127–9, 166, 175
Philadelphia campaign, 123–8, 128, 129–30
Princeton, Battle of, 107–9
Pyle’s Defeat, 208
Quebec, Battle of, 48–54
Race to the Dan, 205–8
Saratoga, Battle of, 134–43
Saratoga campaign, 115–16, 117, 118–21, 131–43
Southern campaigns, 189–213
Stony Point, Battle of, 165–7
Sullivan campaign, 163–7, 168, 169–70
Trenton, Battle of, 103–7
Valcour Island, Battle of, 81–90
Waxhaws Massacre, 175
White Plains, Battle of, 95
Yorktown campaign, 215–31
Yorktown, Siege of, 223–4, 225, 225–31
André, John, 184
Arnold, Benedict, 73, 124, 152, 172, 215
and Battle of Saratoga, 135–40, 142
and Battle of Valcour Island, 81–90, 100, 111
and capture of Fort Ticonderoga, 28–31
death and later years, 246
death of wife (Margaret), 31
and invasion of Canada, 42, 43, 43–51, 52
marriage to Piggy Shippen, 182
physical appearance, 29
Atlee, Samuel, 75
battles. See American Revolution, battles and campaigns
Baum, Friedrich, 118–20
Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de, 149
Bemis Heights, Battle of, 117, 133, 135–41
Bennington, Battle, of, 116, 117, 118, 172, 194
Bernard, Francis, 17
Boston
1775–1776, 32
Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill, 33–5
British generals arrive in, 32–3
Boston Grenadier Corps, 21
Boston Massacre, 15–19
Boston Tea Party, 21
Cambridge, 25, 27, 32, 32–3, 35, 41, 57–8
fortification of Dorchester Heights, 59
land filling in, 32
as “Metropolis of Sedition,” 16
Pope’s Day protests, 16–17
and Townshend Acts, 17–19
Braddock, Edward, 5–14, 36, 39, 44, 55, 66, 97, 115, 133
Brandywine Creek, Battle of, 125–6, 128, 147, 163, 190, 207, 234, 239, 247
Brant, Joseph, 162
Breymann, Heinrich von, 119–20, 140–1
Brooklyn Heights, 68–9, 76, 94, 173
Buford, Abraham, 174–5, 193, 208
Bunker (Breeds) Hill, Battle of, 33–5
Burgoyne, John, 35, 59, 111–12
and Battle of Bennington, 115–18, 120–1, 194, 228, 246
and killing of Jenny McCrea, 112–13
physical appearance, 142
reputation of, 33
and Saratoga campaign, 131–7, 139–42
Butler, John, 162
Butler, Walter, 162
Cadwalader, John, 107
Camden, Battle of, 175–80
campaigns. See American Revolution, battles and campaigns
Canada, Invasion of, 39–54
Carleton, Guy, 41, 47–51, 81, 85–90, 235
Charleston, Siege of, 171–5, 180, 229
Chew, Benjamin, 129
Cilley, Joseph, 139
Clark, George Rogers, 157–61, 246
Clement, William, 120
Cleveland, Benjamin, 190
Clinton, Henry, 35, 66, 72, 80, 100, 112–13, 137, 141, 162, 205, 234–5
and Arnold, 184
on Battle of Cowpens, 202
on Battle of Kings Mountain, 194
and Battle of Monmouth Courthouse, 153, 155
knighthood awarded to, 112
and march from Philadelphia to New York, 151–3
physical appearance, 33
and Siege of Charleston, 170–4
and Sullivan campaign, 164–5, 167, 168
and Yorktown campaign, 215, 217, 219–21, 228–9
Continental Army
creation of, 35
desertions and mutiny, 95, 116, 182, 185–7, 207, 215–17, 226, 235–6
Morgan’s riflemen, 39–42, 44–5, 48, 50–2, 133, 136–7, 141
pay and pensions for, 235–7
size after Yorktown, 238
Virginia Regiment, 12
Washington appointed commander-in-chief of, 35
Conway, Thomas, 148
Cornwallis, Charles, 66, 125, 176, 245
and Battle of Camden, 178, 189
and Battle of Guilford Court House, 208, 210, 212, 216
and Battle of Long Island, 72, 77–8, 80
and Battle of Monmouth Courthouse, 153
and Fort Lee, 98–9
and New Jersey campaign, 107–10
and Pyle’s Defeat, 208
and Race to the Dan, 205–7
and Southern campaigns, 189–97, 202
and Yorktown campaign, 216–220, 222–4, 225, 228–9, 234, 242
Coulon de Villiers, Joseph (Jumonville), 3
Coulon de Villiers, Louis, 5, 12
Cowpens, Battle of, 197–202
Curry (Morgan), Abigail, 40
Custis (Washington), Martha Dandridge, 13, 59, 69, 146, 151, 219, 231, 242
Davis, Samuel, 14
Deane, Silas, 147
Dearborn, Henry, 34, 42–3, 133, 136, 139–40, 165
Declaration of Independence, 70–1, 245
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 243
DePeyster, Abraham, 192–3
desertions and mutiny, 95, 116, 182, 185–7, 207, 215–17, 226, 235–6
Dorchester Heights, fortification of, 59–64
Dudingston, William, 20
Eastman, Amos, 114
d’Estaing, Charles, 163–4, 172
Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 212–13
Ferguson, Patrick, 190–4
First Continental Congress, 23
First Delaware Regiment, 75
Fischer, David Hackett, 105
Flucker, Hannah, 63
Flucker (Knox), Lucy, 21, 25, 37, 56–7, 59, 63, 69–72, 105–6, 146–7, 203, 231, 243
Flucker, Thomas, 21
Forbes, John, 12
Fort Anne, 117
Fort Cumberland, 7–8
Fort Edward, 43, 112, 115–16, 117, 141
Fort Moultrie, 173
Fort Niagara, 162, 165, 168, 169
Fort St. John’s, 117
Fort Stanwix, 117, 168
Fort Stirling, 68
Fort Ticonderoga, 28–9, 43, 46, 68, 83, 89–90, 111, 115, 117, 124,
134
Fort Washington, 71, 94, 95–8, 101, 104, 108, 204
Franklin, Benjamin, 5, 8, 12, 22, 25, 57, 147, 150, 237
Fraser, Simon, 140–1
French and Indian War, 1–14, 16, 35, 66, 97, 114, 123, 133, 136, 142, 148
Gage, Thomas, 9–11, 17–18, 22–5, 28, 32–3, 35, 37
Gaspee Affair, 19–20
Gates, Horatio, 68, 73, 90, 100–1, 104, 113, 124, 163, 194–5, 204–5
and Battle of Bemis Heights, 135–42
and Battle of Camden, 176–80, 195
death and later years of, 246–7
and “Discipline of the Leggs,” 150
early years of, 9
as head of Board of War, 148
and Newburgh Conspiracy, 236
wounding of, 11
George II of Great Britain, 2
George III of Great Britain, 13, 17, 22, 66, 70, 112, 206–7, 234
Germantown, Battle of, 128, 128–9, 142, 207, 234
Gist, Mordechai, 75–7
Graves, Samuel, 223
Green Mountain Boys, 28–31, 111–12, 116, 119, 140, 191
Greene, Catherine “Caty” Littlefield, 22, 69, 100–1, 146–7, 203, 210–11
Greene, Christopher, 42
Greene, Nathanael, 32, 59, 62, 152, 154, 156, 196, 180–3, 230, 233–5, 247
and Battle of Brandywine Creek, 125–6
and Battle of Eutaw Springs, 212–13
and Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 208–10, 216
and Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill, 210–11
and Battle of Long Island, 69, 73–4, 78, 91
and Battle of Trenton, 106
death and later years of, 245
early life and education of, 15–16, 19–20, 69
and Gaspee Affair, 19–20
and Kentish Guards, 22
and New York campaign, 93, 94, 94–101
physical ailments of, 22, 19, 73, 78
as quartermaster general, 145–9
and Southern campaigns, 195–7, 200, 203–13
on Sullivan, 163–5
on Washington, 127
as youngest brigadier general in Continental Army, 25
Greene, Rufus, 19–20
Grey, Charles “No-Flint,” 127, 166
Guilford Courthouse, Battle of, 208, 210, 212, 216
Hamilton, Alexander, 70–1, 148, 165, 180, 183–4, 206, 216, 218, 227–8, 234, 245, 247
Hamilton, Henry “Hair-buyer,” 158, 160–1
Hancock, John, 17, 24, 40, 64, 70, 83
Hand, Edward, 107
Harlem Heights, 91, 93–4, 94, 238
Haskell, Caleb, 44
Haslet, John, 75, 103, 105, 109
Hazen, Moses, 164
Hobkirk’s Hill, Battle of, 210–11
Howard, John Eager, 195, 200–2
Howe, George, 68
Howe, Richard “Black Dick,” 71, 100
Howe, William, 32–5, 100, 103–4, 131, 137, 143, 151
and Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill, 246
and Battle of Germantown, 128–9
and Battle of Long Island, 70–4, 77–8
and fortification of Dorchester Heights, 59–64
knighthood awarded to, 112
and New York campaign, 70–4, 77–8, 92, 95–9
and Philadelphia campaign, 123–8
physical appearance, 33
Hudson-Champlain corridor, 38, 65, 81, 111, 157
Hutchinson, Thomas, 17
Iroquois, 3, 113, 162, 167, 169–70, 246
Irving, Washington, 243
Jackson, Andrew, 244
Jay, John, 237
Jefferson, Thomas, 194, 204, 216, 220, 243, 245
Jewett, Joseph, 78
Jones, David, 112
Jumonville. See Coulon de Villiers, Joseph; Coulon de Villiers, Louis
Jumonville Glen, 1–6, 64, 129, 161
Kalb, Johann de, 147, 175–80, 216, 244–5
Kellogg, Benjamin, 89
Kentish Guards, 22
Kings Mountain, Battle of, 192–4
Kips Bay, British landing at, 91–3
Boston Grenadier Corps organizer, 21
and Boston Massacre, 15–19
death and final years of, 242–3
early life and education of, 16
and fortification of Dorchester Heights, 59–64
hunting accident, 21
London Book-Store owner, 15, 20–1
marriage of, 21
and New Jersey campaign, 105–6, 109
and New York campaign, 92
noble train of artillery expedition to Ticonderoga, 55–9
physical appearance, 15
as secretary of war, 242
Knox, Lucy, 69
Knox, Lucy Flucker, 21, 25, 37, 56–7, 59, 63, 69–72, 105–6, 146–7, 203, 231, 243
Knyphausen, Wihelm von, 125–6, 153, 172
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz “Kos,” 133, 147
Lafayette, George Washington, 242, 247
Lafayette, Marquis de (Gilbert de Motier), 147–8, 152–6, 176, 181–3
physical appearance, 147
visit to U.S. in 1824–1825, 241–8
Washington on, 216–17
wounding of, 247
and Yorktown campaign, 215–20, 222, 234
Lake Champlain, 21, 31, 43, 82–3, 90, 112, 117, 121, 124, 246
Laurens, John, 234
Learned, Ebenezer, 140
Lee, Charles, 57, 62, 95, 172, 176, 207, 219
and Battle of Long Island, 65–8, 72, 74
and Battle of Monmouth Courthouse, 153–5
capture of, 101, 151–2, 174, 182
death of, 238–9
education and military training of, 9, 36–7
John Adams on, 36
physical appearance, 36
resists orders from Washington, 99–101
on Wayne, 124
Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry,” 189, 204, 206–8, 211–13, 245
Lee, Richard Henry, 40
Lee, Robert E., 245
Lewis, Meriwether, 161
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 161
Lexington and Concord, Battles of, 23–4, 27
Lincoln, Benjamin, 116, 137–8, 171–4, 176, 229–30
“Lincolnade,” 174
Littlefield (Greene), Catherine “Caty,” 22, 69, 100–1, 146–7, 203, 210–11
Livingston, Janet. See Montgomery, Janet Livingston
Livingston, Sarah. See Alexander, Sarah Livingston
Long Island, Battle of, 66–76, 76, 77–80
Louis XV of France, 3
Louis XVIII of France, 244
Magaw, Robert, 96–7
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 90
Marion, Francis “Swamp Fox,” 205, 207, 211–13, 245
Martin, Joseph Plumb, 92, 155, 226, 238
Massachusetts Committee of Safety,
28
Mawhood, Charles, 109
McCrea, Jane (Jenny), 112–13, 115, 132, 175
Meigs, Return J., 42
Mill, John Stuart, 243
Minuit, Peter, 65
Monmouth Courthouse, Battle of, 153–6, 165, 181, 234, 239, 241
Monongahela River, 4, 10–13, 18, 24, 36, 97, 133, 179
Montgomery, Janet Livingston, 47, 53–4, 66
Montgomery, Richard, 41, 43, 46–51, 52, 52–4, 56, 58, 66, 73, 81, 83, 107
Morgan, Abigail Curry, 40
Morgan, Daniel “the Old Wagoner,” 153, 165–6, 208–9, 217, 235
and Battle of Cowpens, 197–202, 204–5, 209–10
capture of, 53
death and later years of, 243–4
early years of, 6–7
and French and Indian War, 9, 12
and Invasion of Canada, 40–2, 44–6, 48, 50–3
marriage of, 40
and Morgan’s riflemen, 39–42
physical appearance, 7, 39, 44
release from captivity, 93, 132
and Saratoga campaign, 132–3, 135–42
and Southern campaigns, 194–202
volunteers for Continental Army, 39
Morison, George, 45
Motier, Gilbert de (Marquis de Lafayette), 147
Moultrie, William, 172
Murphy, Timothy, 140
mutiny and desertions, 95, 116, 182, 185–7, 207, 215–17, 226, 235–6
Napoleon Bonaparte, 243–4
Napoleonic Wars, 246
Native Americans
Iroquois, 3, 113, 162, 167, 169–70, 246
Lafayette’s meeting with in 1825, 245–6
Oneida, 162
Shawnee Indians, 158
Tanaghrisson (“Half King”), 1–4
Tuscarora, 162
Nelson, Thomas, 220
New York
Battle of Fort Washington, 96–8
Battle of Kings Mountain, 192–4
Battle of Long Island, 66–76, 76, 77–80
Battle of White Plains, 95
British landing at Kips Bay, 91–3
Brooklyn Heights, 68–9, 76, 94,
173
as commercial hub, 95
fighting around, 94
Harlem Heights, 91, 93–4, 94, 238
and Washington’s farewell to officers, 238–9
Newburgh Conspiracy, 236–7
North, Lord, 234
Oliver, Andrew, 17
Oneida, 162
Outrages, 12
Paddock, Adino, 17
Paoli Massacre, 127–9, 166, 175
Parker, John, 24
Penrose (Wayne), Mary (Polly), 123–4, 129, 146–7
Percy, Hugh, 24
Philadelphia campaign, 123–8, 128, 129–30
Pickens, Andrew, 197, 200–1, 207–8
Poor, Enoch, 114, 135, 139–40, 144, 165
Pope’s Day, 16–17
Prescott, William, 33
Preston, Thomas, 18–19
Princeton, Battle of, 107–9
Pulaski, Casimir, 147
Putnam, Israel, 27–8, 32–3, 59–60, 62, 68, 74–5, 77, 92–3, 97, 137
Putnam, Rufus, 60
Pyle, John, 208
Pyle’s Defeat (Pyle’s Hacking Match, Pyle’s Massacre), 208
Quebec, Battle of, 48–54
Race to the Dan, 205–7
redoubts (small forts), 25, 33, 35, 119–20, 137, 139–41, 224, 225, 228–9
Riedesel, Friedrich von, 136
Robertson, Archibald 62–3
Rochambeau, Comte de, 181–2, 219, 222–3, 225, 229–30
Rogers, Robert, 114
Rogers’ Rangers, 114
Royster, Charles, 235
Rugeley’s Mills, 177
Saratoga, Battle of, 134–43
Saratoga campaign, 115–16, 117, 118–21, 131–43
Schuyler, Philip, 41, 43, 47, 49, 58, 83–4, 111, 116, 131–2, 137
Second Continental Congress, 24
Seven Years’ War. See French and Indian War
Sevier, John, 190
Shawnee Indians, 158
Shelby, Isaac, 190–3
Shippen, Peggy, 182
Shirley, William, 66
Skenesborough, 84, 112, 115, 117
Smallwood, William, 75
Smith, Francis, 24
Southern campaigns, 189–213
St. Clair, Arthur, 111
St. Leger, Barry, 117, 132
Stamp Act, 16–17
Stark, John, 27, 31, 33–5, 132, 141, 172
and Battle of Bennington, 131, 141, 194
and Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill, 33–5, 42, 198
death and later years of, 246
resigns from Continental Army, 114
and Saratoga campaign, 113–16, 118–21
Stark, William, 114
Steuben, Friedrich von, 148–50, 152–4, 156, 176, 181, 208, 216, 237–9, 245
Stewart, Alexander, 212–13
Stirling, Lord (William Alexander), 66–9, 74–8, 95, 126, 146, 154, 156, 239
Stony Point, Battle of, 165–7
Stuart, Gilbert, 2
and Battle of Long Island, 73–4, 76, 77, 81–2
and Battle of Trenton, 104, 106
and Philadelphia campaign, 124–6
Sullivan campaign, 163–7, 168, 169–70
Sumter, Thomas “Carolina Gamecock,” 205, 207, 211–12
Tanaghrisson (“Half King”), 1–4
Tarleton, Banastre “Bloody Tarleton,” 101, 178, 224, 228, 230
and Battle of Camden, 180
and Battle of Cowpens, 196–202, 210
and Pyle’s Defeat, 208
and Race to the Dan, 205–6
and Waxhaws Massacre, 174–5
and Yorktown campaign, 216–18
Thacher, James, 227–9
Tilghman, Tench, 204
Tory, use of the term, 18
Townshend Acts, 17–19
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 3
Treaty of Paris, 237–8
Trenton, Battle of, 103–7
Trumbull, Jonathan, 104
Tuscarora, 162
ultima ratio regum (the last argument of kings), 56
USS Brandywine, 248
USS Constitution, 242
Valcour Island, Battle of, 81–90
Valley Forge, 128, 143–53, 170, 176, 220, 235
Vauban, Marquis de, 224
verloren hoop (detached troop), 50
Walloomsac River, 118
Warner, Seth, 112, 116, 118–20, 140
Warren, Mercy Otis, 18
Washington, George (“Old Fox,” “Old Man,” “Old Hoss”), 55, 57–8, 111, 116, 119, 194–5, 233–6, 243, 245–7
appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, 35–8
and Arnold’s defection, 182–5
and Battle of Long Island, 65, 68–74, 76–80, 89
and Battle of Monmouth Courthouse, 153–6
burial site of, 242
death of, 242
early life and education of, 2
farewell to officers, 238–9
and fortification of Dorchester Heights, 59–64
and French and Indian War, 1–14
and Invasion of Canada, 41–2
and Jumonville Glen battle, 1–6, 64, 129, 161
and Kips Bay, 91–3
on Knox, 238
on Lafayette, 216–17
on Lee, 65
marriage of, 13
on military discipline, 13
and Monongahela battle, 8–14
on Montgomery’s death, 53
and morale of troops, 185–7, 236–7
and New Jersey campaign, 103–7, 108, 109–10
and New York campaign, 91–3, 94, 94–101
Paine on, 37
and Philadelphia campaign, 123–30, 137
physical appearance, 2
on Stark, 121
and Sullivan campaign, 161–7
and Valley Forge, 143–56
visit to West Point, 182–4
and Yorktown campaign, 215, 219–20, 222–4, 225, 226, 228–31
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis, 13, 59, 69, 146, 151, 219, 231, 242
Washington, William, 195–6, 201–2, 204, 213
Waxhaws Massacre, 175
Wayne, Anthony (“Dandy,” “Mad Anthony”), 148, 184–6, 230, 233–5, 247
and Battle of Brandywine Creek, 124–7
and Battle of Germantown, 128–9
and Battle of Monmouth Courthouse, 152–7
and Battle of Stony Point, 165–7, 181
conflict with Morgan, 165–6
death and later years, 245
early life and education of, 123–4
marriage of, 123
and Paoli Massacre, 127–8
physical appearance, 123
on Washington, 148
and Yorktown campaign, 215, 217–19
Wayne, Mary “Polly,” 123–4, 129, 146–7
Webster, James, 209
Weeden, George, 223
Whig, use of the term, 18
White Plains, 94, 95, 99, 108, 172, 219
Whitman, Walt, 247
Wolff, James, 12
Yorktown campaign, 215–31