INDEX

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abduction, 224

absolute time, 254, 297, 365

accelerating expansion of universe, 7, 9, 177, 181–83, 205–16, 288, 365

acceleration, 261–65, 280

“aces,” 112

Acta Mathematica (journal), 41–43

Adams, John Couch, 187–88

aging, 262–64

air, and elements, 79, 84

air resistance, 66, 276

algebra, 86–87, 374, 375–76

algorithms, 337–38, 366

Alhazen, 189

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll), 153

Allen, Paul G., 347

Allen, Woody, 301

Allen Institute for Brain Science, 347–48

Alpha Centauri, 178

alpha particles, 96, 96–97

alpha wave, 314–15, 315

al-Sufi, Abd al-Rahman, 194

altitude sickness, 204

alzahr, 23

Alzheimer’s disease, 313

Amiot, Lawrence, 277

amplitude, 129, 130, 133, 139–40

Analyst, The (Berkeley), 84

ancient Greece. See Greeks, ancient

Anderson, Carl, 99–100

Andromeda nebula, 194–95

anesthesia, 334, 335, 339, 345–46

angle trisection, 375

angular momentum, 282

animal consciousness, 317–19, 322

Aniston, Jennifer, neuron, 324–27

ant and the band, 207–9, 208

anthropic principle, 222

antimatter, 99–100

aphasia, 307

Apple computers, 322

Aquinas, Thomas, 295, 394–95, 410

Arago, François, 188

Arcadia (Stoppard), 21, 54

archeological digs, 22–23

Archimedes, 83

Aristarchus of Samos, 179

Aristotle, 3, 4

actual and potential infinity, 393–94

brain and senses, 305

categories of events, 23–24

concept of matter, 79, 83–84, 92

light and vision, 189

rhetoric and, 368

Arithmetica (Diophantus), 372, 376

Armstrong, Karen, 172, 417

artificial brain and consciousness, 351–52

artificial intelligence, 277–78, 313, 425

Ascent of Man (Bronowski), 4

Asteroids (computer game), 196–97, 200–201

Astronomer Royal, 186, 187, 192

asymmetrical twins, 263–64, 280

atheism, 416–18

atomic algebra, 86–87

atomic clocks, 244, 263

atomic number, 87

atomic theory, 79–86, 88–95

atoms, 76–77, 79, 90–95

attractors, 62

Augustine of Hippo, Saint, 24, 241, 294, 395

Avatar (movie), 330

axioms, 368, 380–81

Babylonians, 80–81, 243

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 75, 114

backgammon, 23

Bacon, Francis, 403

banking system, 55

Bank of England, 55

barber paradox, 383

Barbour, Julian, 297–98

Barrow, John, 227–32, 234

baryons, 104, 108

Beit Guvrin, 22

Bell, John, 162

Bell’s theorem, 162, 164

Berger, Hans, 314

Berkeley, George, Bishop, 84

Berlin Observatory, 187–88

Bessel, Friedrich, 191–92

Besso, Michele, 294

beta waves, 314–15, 315

Big Bang, 9, 210–13, 217, 226–27, 228, 240, 260, 274, 287–93

Big Ben, 244

Big Dipper, 180, 181

billiards, 39, 45–46, 134–35

biology, 5–6, 49, 57–61

Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, 377

black hole information paradox, 285–87

black holes, 269–70, 272–74, 274, 278–82, 284–87

Black Swan, The (Taleb), 13

black swans, 230–31

Blair, Tony, 53

Body in Question (Miller), 4

Bohr, Niels, 99, 153, 169, 426

Boltzmann, Ludwig, 89

Bombelli, Rafael, 372–73

Book of Optics (Alhazen), 189

Borges, Jorge Luis, 177

boundedness, 198–202

Boyle, Robert, 84

Bradwardine, Thomas, 395

Brady, Nicholas, 85–86

Brahmagupta, 372

Brahman, 320

brain

consciousness and, 304–13, 320–23

free will and, 335–39

Jennifer Aniston neuron, 324–27

neural telescopes, 5, 313–16, 323

sleep and, 339–45

brain cells, 311, 313, 348

brain function, 306–7

brain plasticity, 307

Braudel, Fernand, 55–56

Brief History of Time, A (Hawking), 10, 273

Broca, Paul, 307

Broca’s area, 307, 308, 352

Bronowski, Jacob, 4, 427

Brown, Robert, 90–91

Brownian motion, 89, 90–92

Bruno, Giordano, 182

Bulgarian state lottery, 60

butterfly effect, 46–48, 64

calculus, 32–34, 37, 84–85

California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 99, 101, 165, 286, 321–23, 324

Cambrian period, 59

Cambridge University, 32, 69, 165, 227

Candelas, Philip, 148

“Can One Hear the Shape of a Drum?” (Kac), 216

Cantor, Georg, 396–405

Cardano, Girolamo, 24–26

Carrey, Jim, 196

Carroll, Lewis, 153

cascade particles, 105

Case for God, The (Armstrong), 172, 417

Cassini, Giovanni, 189–90

Castro, Patricía, 217

cathode rays, 93, 93–95

celestial sphere, 180–83, 190–91, 196

cello, 75–76, 78, 114–15, 119–20, 130–31, 133, 216

celluloid, 88

cellulose acetate, 88

Center for Sleep and Consciousness, 339–40

Cepheid stars, 193–95

cerebellum, 305, 344–45

cesium fountain, 244

Chadwick, James, 98

Chalmers, David, 347, 348

Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 271

chaos, 21–71

Chaos (journal), 66–67

chaos theory, 46, 234, 406, 426

discovery of, 44, 49

evolutionary biology and, 59–60

evolutionary tree and, 61–63

policy decisions and, 52–57

religion and God, 68–71, 169–70

chemistry, 6, 79

chess, 369, 378

chimpanzees, 318

Chinese Room, 338–39

Chomsky, Noam, 390–91

Christmas crackers, 363–64, 390–91, 393–94

Church, Alonzo, 420–21

Cicero, 178

City of God (Augustine), 395

Clairaut, Alexis, 31

Cleverbot (app), 301–2, 317, 332, 337–38

climate change, 54

cloud chambers, 99–101

Cohen, Paul, 404–5, 407

comets, 186

Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, A (Penrose), 292

computers, 241, 345–47

Comte, Auguste, 11–12, 193, 415

Confessions (Augustine), 241

Connes, Alain, 298

consciousness, 149, 301–59, 407, 414, 426–27

continuous theory of matter, 79–80, 83–84, 86, 89, 92

continuum hypothesis, 404, 407–8

convergence, 62

Copenhagen interpretation, 169

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 183, 197–98, 202, 229

corpus callosotomy, 307–10

corpuscular theory of light, 85

cosmic light horizon, 212–13, 214, 218

cosmic microwave background radiation, 212, 217–19, 220–21, 285, 291

cosmic rays, 99, 101–2, 135–36

cosmic speed limit, 188–90

cosmological constant, 205, 215–16

cosmological inflation, 7, 219–23, 225

cosmology and religion, 226–30

Cosmos (Sagan), 4

Coulson, Charles, 17

craps, 21, 23, 68

Crick, Frances, 321, 348

Curtis, Heber, 194–95

curvature, 200–202, 201

Cusanus, Nicolaus, 182

cyclical models, 285–91

Cygnus X-1, 272–73

Dalai Lama, 227, 353–54

Dalton, John, 86

Darboux, Gaston, 41

dark, 215

dark energy, 214, 215, 225, 365

dark matter, 9, 218

Darwin, Charles, 57–58, 221

da Vinci, Leonardo, 305

Dawkins, Richard, 15, 17, 227, 229

death, consciousness after, 353–55

death-awareness, 318

de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile Lecoq, 88

de la Rue, Warren, 12

Delta baryon, 104

delta waves, 314–15, 315

Dennett, Daniel, 357–58

Descartes, René, 189, 302, 306, 331, 359, 373, 410

Dhammapada, 333

dice, 21–27

atomic matter of, 76–77, 80, 88

chance and natural selection, 57–58

dynamical systems and rolling, 65–68

patterns in rolls, 22, 24–25, 55–56

predicting roll of, 21–27, 37–38, 46

quantum physics and, 157–58

speed of, 32, 35

digital technology, 241

Diophantus, 372, 376

Dirac, Paul, 99–100, 165

discrete theory of matter, 80, 86, 88–89

division by zero, 32–34, 84, 119

DNA, 5–6, 57, 62

Doctor Who (TV series), 144–45

dodecahedron, 178, 200

“Does the Flap of a Butterfly’s Wings in Brazil Set off a Tornado in Texas?” (Lorenz), 48

dogs, 318–19, 322, 359

dolphins, 59, 318

dopamine, 224

Doppler effect, 204, 262

double-slit experiment, 126–28, 135–46, 155–56, 161, 164

doubling the cube, 375

Douspis, Marian, 217

dualism, 331

du Bois-Reymond, Emil, 384–85

Earth, 79, 179–80, 183–85, 185, 218

rotation, 36, 243–44

shape of, 197–98

speed of light, 189–90

stars and, 191–92

earth moon sun triangle, 179–80, 180

echolocation, 59

Eddington, Arthur, 265–66, 273–74

“Edges,” 14

EEG (electroencephalography), 313–16, 323, 340

Egypt, ancient, 243, 366

Ehrsson, Henrik, 329–30, 331

eightfold way, 107–8

Einstein, Albert, 205, 294

atomic theory and, 116, 124

Brownian motion, 89, 90–92

cosmological constant, 205, 215–16

electromagnetic radiation, 133–35

general relativity, 9, 12, 219, 260, 261, 262, 263–67, 271–74, 278

mass–energy equivalence, 103

photoelectric effect, 136

special relativity, 100–101, 133–35, 240, 244, 247, 248, 254–56, 294

“spooky action at a distance,” 163–64

uncertainty principle, 161–64

Einstein’s Dreams (Lightman), 269

electromagnetic field, 221–22

electromagnetic force, 102–4, 270

electromagnetic radiation, 129–32, 129–35, 355

electromagnetic theory of light, 129–32

electromagnetism, 37, 99–100

electrons, 77, 92–95, 93, 96, 98, 99–100, 102–3, 112, 118–20, 129, 132–34, 136–42, 155–57

electrostatics, 37

Elements (Euclid), 368, 394

Elkies, Noam, 377

elliptical orbit, 184–85

embodied cognition, 424–25

emergent phenomenon, 298, 331,

End of Time, The (Barbour), 297–98

entropy, 282–84, 290

epileptic seizures, 308, 324–25

epistemology, 70, 162, 168, 170, 418–19, 425

equilateral triangles, 79, 177–78, 374–75

equivalence principle, 261, 262

Erdős, Paul, 379–80

Euclid, 380, 381, 382, 394

Euclidean geometry, 368, 380–82, 405

Euler, Leonhard, 36

Euler’s theorem, 36, 422–23

event horizon, 272, 273, 274, 279, 280, 281–82, 284–85

Everett, Hugh, 149

evolution, 4, 9, 56, 57–63, 221, 354

evolutionary biology, 57–61

evolutionary tree, 61, 61–63

expansion of space, 205–7

false hand illusion, 329–30

Fermat, Pierre de, 26–29

Fermat’s Last Theorem, 6, 376–77, 416

Fermi, Enrico, 102

Fermilab, 115

Ferreira, Pedro, 217

Feynman, Richard, 4, 114, 123, 124, 151, 153, 165, 272, 304

fine-tuned universe, 221–22

Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 111

fire, and elements, 79, 84

first law of motion, 34–35

Fitch, Frederic, 420

Flanagan, Owen, 350

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), 5, 315–16, 323, 333–37, 350–51, 356, 357

Foerster, Heinz von, 277

Fourier, Joseph, 36

fractal evolutionary tree, 61, 61–63

fractals, 61–62

Franklin, Melissa, 115–18, 231–32

Franklin, W. S., 48

free will, 24, 70, 164–65, 335–39

friction, 35, 66, 276

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, 374

galaxies, 213–14

Galileo Galilei, 26, 31, 183, 189, 197–98, 226, 250, 297, 395–96, 398

Galle, Johann Gottfried, 188

gallium, 88

Gallup, Gordon, 317–19

Galois, Evariste, 375–76

gamma waves, 314–15, 315

Gamow, George, 4, 143

Gardner, Martin, 5

gas equations, 39

Gastineau, Mickael, 64–65

Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 396

Geiger, Hans, 96–97

Gell-Mann, Murray, 104–5, 108–12, 118–19, 165

general relativity, 9, 211, 219, 260, 261, 262, 263–67, 271–74, 278, 281–82, 288

tests of, 265–67

genes (genetics), 5–6, 57, 62

gene therapies, 423

geometric proofs, 366–69

geometry, 23, 32–33, 80, 119, 255

George III of England, 186

Gettier, Edmund, 418–19

glissando, 76, 78, 80, 119

globes, 178

God, 15–17, 24, 171–72, 182

consciousness and, 319–20, 349

as imaginary number, 415–18

mathematics and, 397, 410–11

Pascal’s wager, 29–30, 232, 234

playing dice, 68–71, 162

relation to time, 293, 294–95

“God of the gaps,” 16–17, 416–17, 418

God Delusion, The (Dawkins), 15, 17

Gödel, Kurt, 258–59, 364, 386–91, 405–6

Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, 379–80, 386–90, 406–7, 420–21

“going into the red,” 372

Goldbach’s conjecture, 377

Golgi’s method, 311

Gordon, Carolyn, 216

Gould, Stephen Jay, 62

GPS (Global Positioning System), 263, 423

Grabski, Juliusz, 66–67

graphene, 6

grasshopper, 48

gravitons, 288

gravity (gravitation), 31, 35, 36–37, 39–40, 103, 215, 261–67, 270, 271–72

Great Debate (astronomy), 194–95

Greeks, ancient

astronomy and, 178, 189, 190–91, 211

mathematics and, 23–24, 366, 368, 369–70, 371–72, 376, 393–94

matter and, 78–79, 82, 83–84

Gregory, James, 183–84

Grishchuk, Leonid, 217

group theory, 375–76

Guth, Alan, 219–20

Haldane, Andrew, 55

half-life, 252

Halley, Edmond, 184–85

hard problem of consciousness, 302–4, 347–48, 350

harmonic series, 181–82, 209

Harrington, Leo, 390

Harvard College Observatory, 193

Hawking, Stephen, 10, 150, 173, 260, 273, 274, 282, 285–87, 296, 427

Hawking radiation, 285–87

Haynes, John-Dylan, 335–36, 337, 338

hearing the shape of a drum, 216

heat flow, 36

heel bones, 22–23

Heisenberg, Werner, 107, 124, 153–54

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, 125, 153–54, 156–65, 170–71, 172–73, 234–35, 260, 270

helium, 95, 97, 270

Heron of Alexandria, 189

Herschel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 186–87, 191

Hertz, Heinrich, 94

Higgs boson, 5

Higman, Graham, 377–78

Hilbert, David, 384–86, 402, 404

Hilbert’s problem, 384–86

Hinduism, 320

Hippasus, 81

holographic principle, 287

Homer, 320

homogeneity, 220, 226, 303

Hooker telescope, 101, 195

Hubble, Edwin, 195, 202, 205–6

Human Brain Project, 351–52

Hume, David, 422

Hyatt, John Wesley, 88

hydrodynamics, 37

hydrogen, 77, 88, 95, 270

I Ching, 29

icosahedron, 79, 177–78

idleness, 31

ignorabimus, 384, 386, 389

Iliad (Homer), 320

imaginary numbers, 369, 373–74, 415–16, 424–25

indivisibility, 98

induction, 407

infinite complexity, 65–68

infinite divisibility, 84–85

infinite numbers, 396–405

infinite regress, 120, 171, 406, 410

infinite universe, 9, 181–83, 196, 209, 216, 232–34, 235

infinity, 177, 393–411

inflation (cosmology), 7, 219–23, 225

Innes, Robert, 192

integrated information theory (IIT), 342–47, 344, 349–50, 352–53

International Congress of Mathematicians, 384

Internet, 345–46

inverse square law, 275

irrationality of square root of 2, 370–71, 374

irrational numbers, 81–84

“island universes,” 194

isolation, 32

Israeli Defense Force, 108

Jackson, Michael, 334

Jaynes, Julian, 319–20

Jennifer Aniston neuron, 324–27

Joyce, James, 111

Jupiter, 186–87, 189–90

Kac, Mark, 216

Kant, Immanuel, 137, 139, 194, 423, 425

kaons, 101, 102, 103, 106, 108

Kapitaniak, Tomasz and Marcin, 66–67

Karolinska Institute, 329–30

Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, 12, 13

Kennard, Earle, 157

Kepler, Johannes, 31, 36, 183–84

Khayyam, Omar, 203

kinetic energy, 66, 89, 173, 215

Klein-Gordon equations, 114

Knowledge and Its Limits (Williamson), 420–21

known knowns, 8, 13

known unknowns, 8–14

Koch, Christof, 321–22, 325–26, 328, 347–55, 359

Kronecker, Leopold, 402–3

Kurzweil, Ray, 10, 277–78

Lakatos, Imre, 422–23

Lamb, Willis, 102

Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 82–83

language, 303–4, 356–57, 415

Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 36–37, 65, 71, 125, 271–72

Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 5, 97, 113–14

Lascaux caves, 22, 241–43, 242

Laskar, Jacques, 64–65

law of inertia, 34–35

law of octaves, 87

laws of motion, 34–40, 85, 94, 245–46

Leavitt, Henrietta, 193–94, 195

Lectures on Physics (Feynman), 151

Leibniz, Gottfried, 71, 245

Lemaître, Georges, 205, 210, 226–27

Les Atomes (Perrin), 91

Leverrier, Urbain, 187–88

Liber de Ludo Aleae (Cardano), 26

Library of Babel, The (Borges), 177

light, 199–202, 204–7

speed of, 188–90, 245–48

theories of, 126–32

Lightman, Alan, 269

Linde, Andrei, 220

Lippershey, Hans, 183

Lloyd, Seth, 378–79

locked-in syndrome, 334

logistic map, 50–52

longitude, 189, 381

Lord of the Rings (Tolkien), 369

Lorenz, Edward, 46–48

lottery, 60

Louis XI of France, 24

Lucas, John, 389–90

Lucretius, 90

Luminet, Jean-Pierre, 217

luminosity, 193–94, 213, 230

luminous matter, 230

lunar eclipses, 189

Lyapunov exponent, 64

McCabe, Herbert, 17, 172

McGurk effect, 328–29

Mach, Ernst, 89

Magellan, Ferdinand, 198, 202

magnetic deflection, 93–95

Major, John, 53

Mandelbrot, Benoit B., 364

Manhattan Project, 110

“many worlds” hypothesis, 149

Marino, Lori, 318

Markram, Henry, 351–52

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 46

mathematics, 295–96

of nature, 30–34

physics and, 150–51, 408–10

science vs., 364–66

of symmetry, 99, 105–9, 118–19

mathematical crackers, 363–64, 390–91, 393–94

mathematical infinities, 393–406

mathematical proofs, 366–74, 381, 422–23

mathematical set theory, 383–84

mathematical statements, 364, 369–80, 379, 386–87

Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH), 295

mathematical unknowns, 6, 9–10

Mathematician’s Apology, A (Hardy), 83

matter, 75–120

Matter and Motion (Maxwell), 49

Max Planck Institute, 217, 327–28

Maxwell, James Clerk, 37, 49, 128, 135, 427

May, Robert, 49–57

Meditations (Descartes), 302

Mendeleev, Dmitri, 86–88, 102, 103, 109

Mephistopheles, 117

Mercury, 64–65, 184–85

Méré, Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de, 26–28

Mermin, David, 147, 148

Messiaen, Olivier, 304

Metaphysics (Aristotle), 3, 4

Michell, John, 271–72

Michelson, Albert, 12, 245, 248–49, 272

microscopes, 76–77, 90, 303

Midnight’s Children (Rushdie), 239, 257

Milky Way, 194–95

Miller, Jonathan, 4

Mill Hill telescope, 203

Millikan, Robert Andrews, 135–36

mind-body problem, 331

“Minds, Machines and Gödel” (Lucas), 389–90

Minkowski, Hermann, 254–56

Minkowski spacetime, 255–56

mirror self-recognition test, 317–19

Mittag-Leffler, Gösta, 42–43, 195, 403

mixed state, 144

Möbius strip, 363–64

moon, 179–80, 243

Moore’s law, 10, 277

Mora, Patricia, 277

Morley, Edward, 245, 248–49, 272

Mother Teresa, 227

Mount Baldy, 321–22

Mount Cook, 269

Mount Wilson telescope, 101, 195

Mr. Tompkins in Paperback (Gamow), 142

multiverse, 219–21, 222–26

muons, 100–101, 251–52

musical harmony, 78–79

mysterianism, 349–50

National Physical Laboratory, 244

National Weather Service, 48

natural selection, 57–59

Nature (journal), 10

Navier-Stokes equations, 37

Necker cube, 321, 321

Neddermeyer, Seth, 100

Ne’eman, Yuval, 108–9

negative curvature, 201, 201

negative numbers, 372–73

Neptune, 188, 218

neurons, 324–25

neuron theory, 311–13

neuroscience, 5–6. See also brain

neutrinos, 100, 212, 414

neutrons, 77, 87, 97–98, 99

Newlands, John, 87

New Scientist, 4, 5

Newton, Isaac, 7–8, 30–38, 70–71, 84–85, 275

law of universal gravitation, 35, 186

laws of motion, 34–40, 85, 94, 245–46

Principia Mathematica, 31, 34–36, 37, 85, 245–46, 250

theory of light, 85, 126

Nishijima, Kazuhiko, 104–5

no-hair theorem, 282

North Pole, 381

number theory, 396–405, 408

number 31, 223

observable universe, 83

observation effect, 160–65

observer effect, 142–50

“Ode to Saint Cecilia” (Brady), 85–86

Odyssey (Homer), 320

On the Infinite Universe and Worlds (Bruno), 182

On the Nature of Things (Lucretius), 90

ontology, 70, 162, 168, 170, 418–19, 425

Opticks (Newton), 85, 126

Oresme, Nicolas, 180–81, 209, 226, 395, 397, 398

origin of life, 60–61, 62–63

origins of universe, 9, 210–13. See also Big Bang

Oscar II of Sweden, 40, 41

out-of-body experiences, 330–32

Owen, Adrian, 333–34

Oxford University, 291–92

Pais, Abraham, 104–5

paper globe, 177–78

paper telescopes, 322–23, 327, 328

Papplewick Pumping Station, 129–31

paradox of unknowability, 420–21

parallax, 191–92

parallel postulate, 380–82

Paris, Jeff, 390

Parkinson’s UK Brain Bank, 306, 313

particle horizon, 212–13, 214, 218

particle theory of light, 126–29, 135

Pascal, Blaise, 26–30, 393

Pascal’s triangle, 28–29

Pascal’s wager, 29–30, 232, 234

Penrose, Roger, 274, 287–93, 390

pentagons, 200

pentaquarks, 113, 117

Penthouse (magazine), 273, 281, 286

Pepys, Samuel, 38

perceptronium, 355–56

Perelman, Grigori, 377

periodic table, 87–88, 102, 109

Perrin, Jean Baptiste, 91

phase transition, 346, 355

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Newton), 31, 34–36, 37, 85, 245–46, 250

Philosophical Essay on Probabilities (Laplace), 37

Philosophical Investigations (Wittgenstein), 356–57

philosophy of space and time, 241–42, 245

photoelectric effect, 133, 135–36

photons, 211, 212, 219–20, 288–89

physical constant, 221–22

pions, 101, 103, 106, 108

Planck, Max, 131–32

Planck constant, 132, 157

Planck length, 414

planetary motion, 31, 36, 183–85

planets, 179–80, 183–84

detection of, 186–88

Plato, 79, 178, 200, 302, 418

Podolsky, Boris, 163

Poincaré, Henri, 38–44, 45, 63

Poincaré conjecture, 6, 40–42, 45, 377

Poisson, Siméon-Denis, 36–37

politics of chaos, 52–57

Polkinghorne, John, 69–70, 165–70, 354–55

pollen, 90–92

polyhedron, 422

polynomial equations, 51, 377

Popper, Karl, 224, 230–31, 422

population dynamics, 49–54

population growth, 277, 278

PORC conjecture, 377–78, 427

positive curvature, 200–201, 201

positrons, 100

power of 2, 241

Preskill, John, 286–87, 290

prime numbers, 9–10, 150, 394, 408, 422

principle of relativity, 250, 253, 261

Private Eye (magazine), 273, 281, 286

probabilistic method, 26–30, 39, 151

probability, mathematics of, 26–30, 414

proof, 366–74, 381

Proofs and Refutations (Lakatos), 422–23

proprioception, 424

protons, 77, 87, 96–98, 99, 112

Proxima Centauri, 178, 192

pulsating stars, 193–95

punctuated equilibria, 62

puzzle books, 5

Pythagoras, 78–79, 80, 363, 376

Pythagorean theorem, 80–81, 247–48

Pythagorean triple, 80–81

quadratic equations, 366, 377–78

qualia, 325–26

quantum, 129

quantum entanglement, 163–64

quantum fluctuation, 173, 174, 220, 285

quantum gravity, 9

Quantum Mechanics and the Particles of Nature (Sudbury), 114

quantum physics, 9, 12, 123–74, 414

quarks, 77, 110–20

Question Mark and the Mysterians (band), 350

Rabi, Isidor, 101

radioactive decay, 103–5

radioactivity, 96–98

Rainbow Serpent, 226

Ramón y Cajal, Santiago, 310–13

randomness, 10, 60, 124, 125–26, 136–37, 151, 164–65

real numbers, 373–74

redshifting, 206, 207, 213

reductionism, 168

Rees, Martin, 426

reincarnation, 354

Reiss, Diana, 318

relativistic velocity-addition formula, 246

relativity, 250, 253–58. See also general relativity; special relativity

Relativity Dogs (movie), 253–54, 256

religion, 15–17, 171–72. See also God

cosmology and, 226–30

relation to time, 293, 294–95

science vs., 166–68, 226–30

rhetoric, 368

Riemann, Bernhard, 255

Riemann hypothesis, 255, 377, 379–80, 405–6, 408, 419

Robertson, Howard, 157

Robinson, Julia, 405

Rømer, Ole, 189

Rome Science Festival, 115

Rosen, Nathan, 163

Rovelli, Carlo, 298

Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, 4

Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 41–42

Rubaiyat, The (Khayyam), 203

rubber band and the ant, 207–9, 208

Rufus of Ephesus, 305

rule of eight, 87

Rumsfeld, Donald, 13

Rushdie, Salman, 239, 257

Russell, Bertrand, 383–84, 418–19

Rutherford, Ernest, 96–98

Sagan, Carl, 4

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 337

Saturn, 186–87

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 75

Schrödinger, Erwin, 124, 139–40, 147

Schrödinger equation, 147, 168

Schumacher, Heinrich Christian, 396

Schwarzschild, Karl, 271

Schwarzschild limit, 271

science

chaos theory and, 52–57

importance of, 3–4

math vs., 364–66

religion vs., 166–68, 226–30

Scientific American, 4

scientific classification, 102–3

scientific inquiry, 224–26, 229

scientific progress, 10–11

scientific theory, 224–26, 230–31, 365, 409

Searle, John, 338–39

second law of motion, 35, 39

second law of thermodynamics, 282–84, 287, 290

self-awareness, 317–19

sense of self, 317, 319, 331, 342, 343

Serber, Robert, 110–11

Shakespeare, William, 211

shape of universe, 196–202, 228, 258

Shapley, Harlow, 194–95

Shull, Clifford, 159–60

silo mentality, 167–68

Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, 6, 7, 15

singularities, 274–78

Singularity Is Near, The (Kurzweil), 27778

Singularity movement, 10, 277–78

61 Cygni, 191–92

size of universe, 194–95, 228

Skeptical Chymist, The (Boyle), 84

sleep, 339–42

Small Magellanic Cloud, 193

Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, 194

Socrates, 418

solar eclipses, 189

solar system, 64–65, 419–20

stability of, 39–44, 63–65

solipsism, 350

space-time, 198, 255–67, 294

special relativity, 133–35, 240, 244, 247, 248, 250, 253–58, 294

special unitary group, 106–7

speed of light, 188–90, 245–48

Sphinx Observatory, 203–4

spiral nebulae, 194–95

split brains, 308–10

“spooky action at a distance,” 163–64

square numbers, 395–96, 398

square root of 2, 82–83, 370–74, 425

squaring the circle, 374–75, 376

stability of solar system, 39–44, 63–65

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 112–13

stars, 11–12, 178, 180–81, 190–95, 203–7, 213–16, 270

static universe, 180–81

stellar distance, 206–7

stellar parallax, 191–92

stellar pulsations, 193–95

stem cells, 3

Stoppard, Tom, 21, 54

strangeness theory, 103, 104–6

string theory, 225

strong nuclear force, 103–5

Strzalko, Jaroslaw, 66–67

SU(3), 106–9

SU(6), 113–14

subatomic particles, 92–95

Sudbury, Anthony, 114

sun, 12, 179–80, 183–85, 218, 243

supernovae, 213

Surrogate (movie), 330

symmetry in mathematics, 99, 105–9, 118–19

synapses, 7, 312–13, 324–25, 378

synesthesia, 304, 326–27

Taleb, Nassim, 13

Tartaglia, Niccolò Fontana, 27

technology, 5–6

Tegmark, Max, 295

telescopes, 179–80, 183–90, 186, 191, 203–4, 212, 303

telomeres, 6

Templeton, John, 227, 228

Templeton Prize, 227–28, 229

tennis, 333–35

tests of general relativity, 265–67

tetrahedron, 79, 107

thalamocortical system, 343–44

Thales of Miletus, 366–67

Thale’s theorem, 366–68, 367

Theory of Everything (ToE), 10, 36, 37

theory of knowledge, 418–19

theory of relativity, 250, 253–58. See also general relativity; special relativity

thermal time hypothesis, 298

thermodynamics, 282–84, 287, 290

theta waves, 314–15, 315

Things We Cannot Know, 11–13

third law of motion, 35

Thomson, J. J., 92–95

Thorne, Kip, 273, 286–87, 290

Thorne-Hawking bet, 273

Thorne-Hawking-Preskill bet, 286–87, 290

thought experiments, 247, 338

three-body problem, 40–42, 45

time, 239–98

defining, 241–42

measuring, 241–44

slowing down, 247–51

speeding up and living longer, 251–53

time-energy uncertainty principle, 172–74

time standard, 243–44

TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), 339–40

Tolkien, J.R.R., 369

Tononi, Giulio, 339–44, 352

torus, 197, 198

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Wittgenstein), 427

transcendence, 15–17

transit, 184

trigonometry, 179, 184, 191–92

trisecting the angle, 375

Truman Show, The (movie), 196–97

trumpet, 119–20

Turing, Alan, 144, 145, 338

Turing test, 338

twinkling stars, 193–94

twin primes conjecture, 377

type 1a supernovae, 213

unconscious, 13, 335–37, 339–40

unit of time, 243–44

universe, 3–4, 177–235

unknown unknowns, 8, 13, 232

Uppsala University, 40

uranium, 96–97, 123–26, 153, 154, 171

Uranus, 186–87, 191

variable stars, 193–95

Vedic tradition, 320

vegetative state, 333–34

ventricles, 305

Venus, 65, 180, 184–85, 185, 203

Vilenkin, Alexander, 220

virtual reality goggles, 330

viscous fluids, 37

vision, 322–23, 329–30, 346

vitalism, 358

Wallis, John, 396

water, and elements, 79, 84

wave function, 139–40, 142–43, 146–50, 169

wavelengths, 200, 204–7, 216–17

wave-particle duality, 136

wave theory of light, 126–29, 134–35, 141

weak nuclear force, 103–5

weather forecasting, 46–48

Weeping Angel, 144–45

Weil, André, 389

Well, David, 216

Wernicke, Carl, 307

Wernicke’s area, 307, 308

What Is the Name of This Book? (Smullyan), 364

Wheeler, John, 272

white dwarf, 270–71

Wigner, Eugene, 296

Wiles, Andrew, 376–77, 416, 428

Williamson, Timothy, 420–21

Wiseman, Richard, 327

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 356–57, 422, 427

Wolpert, Scott, 216

Woodin, Hugh, 408

Wright, Thomas, 194

Yajnavalkya, 419–20

Yorke, Jim, 51, 52

Young, Thomas, 126–27

Young’s interference experiment. See double-slit experiment

Zel’dovich, Yakov, 217

Zeno of Elea, 84

zero, 119

division by, 32–34, 84, 119

equals one minus one, 172–74

zero curvature, 200–201, 201

Zizek, Slavoj, 13

Zweig, George, 112