LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  1. “Help!” by Moor. Poster Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

  2. Alekseev.

  3. Kornilov with young volunteers.

  4. Denikin.

  5. A Latvian rifleman. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

  6. Posters announcing the Red Army’s capture of Kazan. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

  7. Kolchak.

  8. A demobilized officer of the Russian Army.

  9. Trotsky and Commander in Chief S. S. Kamenev. Boris S. Sokolov Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

10. Trotsky and Vatsetis.

11. Makhno. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

12. Anti-Trotsky White propaganda poster.

13. Shchepkin.

14. Barricades in Petrograd, October 1919. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

15. Latvian troops about to be dispatched to the Southern front, 1919. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

16. Budennyi and Egorov. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

17. Budennyi’s Red Cavalry.

18. Evacuation of White troops on British ships in Novorossiisk, early 1920. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

19. Denikin in the Crimea. The Library of Congress.

20. Wrangel. The Library of Congress.

21. Stalin in Tsaritsyn, 1918. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

22. Sultan-Galiev.

23. Ordzhonikidze. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

24. Radek on the eve of World War I.

25. The capitalist pig squirming. Poster Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

26. Lenin in May 1920.

27. Brusilov during World War I. The Library of Congress.

28. Tukhachevskii. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

29. Lenin and his secretary, Stasova. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

30. John Reed and Louise Bryant. Reed Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.

31. Von Seeckt.

32. Lunacharskii.

33. Krupskaia. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

34. Agitational theater. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

35. Street theater. David King Collection, London.

36. Scene from Tretiakov’s Do you hear, Moscow?

37. Agitational train. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

38. Alexander Rodchenko in his own design for a worker’s suit.

39. Agitational streetcar. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

40. The novelist Saltykov-Shchedrin by N. Zlatovratskii.

41. Moscow youths, 1924.

42. Besprizornye. David King Collection, London.

43. Nicholas Bukharin. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

44. Alexandra Kollontai.

45. Patriarch Tikhon.

46. Soldiers removing valuables from Simonov Monastery. David King Collection, London.

47. Metropolitan Benjamin on trial.

48. Inventory of valuables. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

49. The antireligious play Heder. YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York.

50. Torah scrolls from desecrated synagogues.

51. Peasant “bag men” peddling grain. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

52. Alexander Antonov. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

53. Captured Antonov partisans. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

54. A typical street scene under War Communism. Boris F. Sokolov Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

55. Muscovites destroying houses for fuel. Boris F. Sokolov Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

56. Red Army troops assaulting Kronshtadt. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

57. After the assault. David King Collection, London.

58. A “food detachment.” Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

59. The Sukharevka Market in Moscow. Hoover Institution Library.

60. A Moscow produce market under the NEP. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

61. In the middle, Dzerzhinskii; on his right, Demian Bednyi. Alexander Meledin, Moscow.

62. The reading of the charges at the SR trial, 1922. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

63. One victim of the 1921 famine.

64. Starving mother and child. The Library of Congress.

65. Corpses of starved children. The Library of Congress.

66. American Relief workers feeding Russian children during the 1921–22 famine. Courtesy Hoover Institution Archives

67. Chicherin in Genoa. Courtesy of the Central Museum of the Revolution, Moscow.

68. Germany and Russia reemerging united.

69. A new elite in the making. Boris F. Sokolov Collection, Hoover Institution Archives.

70. Shliapnikov.

71. Inessa Armand.

72. Trotsky, 1918.

73. The “troika,” from left to right: Stalin, (Rykov), Kamenev, Zinoviev.

74. Lenin at Gorki. RTsKhIDNI Moscow.

75. Stalin viewing Lenin’s body. David King Collection, London.

MAPS

Main Fronts of the Civil War

Critical Battles Oct.–Nov. 1919

Polish-Soviet War, 1920 Polish Offensive (April–May 1920)

Polish-Soviet War, 1920 Soviet Counteroffensive and Polish Breakthrough (July–August 1920)