-
Calas, Jean, 171
-
Calcar, Jan van, 132
-
Caligula, 68
-
Calixtus III, Pope, 91
-
Calvin, John, 155
-
Calvinism, 177
-
Cambodia, 325–26, 331
-
Cambridge, University of, 143, 263
-
Camilla (in Aeneid), 33
-
Can You Forgive Her? (Trollope), 292
-
Candide, or Optimism (Voltaire), 166–67, 179
-
Canterbury Cathedral, 61
-
Canterbury Tales, The (Chaucer), 124
-
Canticle for Leibowitz, A (Miller), 336–37
-
Carlile, Jane, 185
-
Carlile, Mary Ann, 185
-
Carlile, Richard, 184–85
-
Carnie, Ethel, 243
-
Carolingian minuscule script, 59, 80
-
Carpenter, Edward, 215–16, 216
-
Cārvāka school, 9, 11, 344
-
Cassirer, Ernst, 317, 318, 319
-
Castel Sant’Angelo (Rome), 99, 117, 336
-
Castiglione, Baldassare, 77–78, 80, 82, 117, 145
-
Catholicism
-
and Comte, 273, 275
-
and Erasmus, 155–56
-
and French Enlightenment, 177–78
-
and French Revolution, 271
-
and humanist morality, 175–76
-
and Italian Fascism, 309
-
and Miller, 336
-
and Protestant–Catholic division, 149, 155
-
and sack of Rome (1527), 117
-
and Spinoza’s writings, 173
-
and Stephen’s worldview, 259
-
and Voltaire’s deism, 171–72
-
Celtis, Conrad, 136–37, 144
-
censorship, 175, 178–79, 185
-
Center for Inquiry, 350–51
-
Cereta, Laura, 73
-
Cesariano, Cesare, 110
-
Cestius (Gaius Cestius Gallus), 67
-
Chang, P. C., 334
-
Charlemagne, 58–59, 66
-
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 116
-
Chartres Cathedral, 21, 60–61, 271, 322, 337–38
-
Chase, Thomas, 163
-
Châtelet, Émilie du, 196
-
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 124, 165
-
Chauliac, Guy de, 43
-
Chaumette, Pierre-Gaspard, 182
-
Chekhov, Anton, 356–57, 359
-
chiasmus, 213
-
Childhood’s End (Clarke), 365–67
-
“Choir Invisible, The” (G. Eliot), 274
-
Christianity
-
and Academicians, 97–101
-
and anatomy research, 127
-
and anti-humanism, 18–19
-
and apocalypticism, 364
-
and Black Death, 45
-
and blasphemy laws, 348–49
-
and Boccaccio’s friendship with Petrarch, 38–39
-
and Ciceronians, 94–97
-
and conflicts over papacy, 25–26
-
and conquest of Constantinople, 84
-
Creation story, 17, 57, 97, 105, 197, 248, 264
-
and Darwin, 256–57
-
and The Decameron, 37
-
destruction of pre-Christian works, 54, 56–57
-
and Douglass, 212
-
and enemies of humanism, 357
-
and Erasmus, 141, 147–48
-
humanist elements in, 197–98
-
and humanist religion, 272, 275
-
and Hume, 187
-
and Inquisitions, 90–93
-
and J. S. Mill, 292
-
and key principles of modern humanism, 14
-
and M. Arnold, 239
-
and Montaigne, 156
-
orthodoxy, 172
-
and Platonic Theology, 104
-
and promotion of humanism, 354
-
in Robert Elsmere, 266–68
-
and secular religion, 268–77
-
Trinity concept, 90
-
and Voltaire, 172
-
See also Catholicism; Church of England; Protestantism
-
Christine de Pizan, 72–74, 208
-
Chrysoloras, Manuel, 63
-
Church of England, 262, 264, 351
-
Cicero
-
on benefits of human studies, 32, 74
-
on citizenship rights, 32, 244
-
and Douglass’s oratory, 211, 213
-
and Ingersoll’s education, 287
-
and Italian book collections, 26, 27, 31–34, 48–50
-
and key principles of modern humanism, 16
-
and Montaigne, 157
-
and Pico della Mirandola’s writings, 105
-
and Renaissance scholars and writers, 61, 65, 73–75, 77
-
and Rhetorica ad Herennium, 94
-
Ciceronians and Cicerolatry, 94–98, 153
-
Cinzio (Cincius), 70
-
City College of New York, 300–301
-
City of God (Augustine), 197–98
-
city planning, 358–59
-
civil disobedience, 297, 339
-
Civil War, U.S., 286
-
civility, 150–51
-
Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, The (Burckhardt), 222
-
Clapham Junction (railway station), 207
-
Clarke, Arthur C., 365–67
-
Clement V, Pope, 25
-
Clement VI, Pope, 43
-
Clement VII, Pope, 117
-
Cleopatra, 146
-
climate change, 363–64
-
Cluny Abbey, 64–65
-
Cobbett, William, 184
-
Codro (Antonio Urceo), 78–79
-
Cola di Rienzo, 98
-
Cold War, 324
-
Colet, John, 144
-
Colombo, Realdo, 133–34
-
colonialism, 196, 330, 350
-
Colonna, Francesco, 81
-
Colonna, Giovanni, 47, 67
-
Colonna, Prospero, 71
-
Colonna, Vittoria, 74–75, 78, 117
-
Colosseum (Rome), 66
-
Columbian Orator, The (Bingham), 212–13
-
comets, 176, 176–77
-
“Coming Victory of Democracy, The” (T. Mann), 316
-
communism, 20, 112, 344
-
Como, Lake, 118
-
compassion, 174, 347, 371. See also empathy; sympathy
-
Complaint of Peace, The (Erasmus), 150
-
Comte, Auguste, 273, 276, 345
-
Condorcet, Nicolas de, 169–70, 174, 182, 196, 199
-
Confessions (Augustine), 33
-
Confucian philosophy, 14, 18, 325, 334
-
Confucius. See Kongzi (Confucius)
-
Congregationalists, 286
-
Congreve, Richard, 274, 275
-
consolatory genre, 48–49
-
Constantine I, Emperor of Rome, 86, 88, 92. See also Donation of Constantine
-
Constantinople, 39–40, 84
-
Convent of San Marco (Florence), 30, 63, 111–12, 115
-
copying of manuscripts, 59, 60, 145, 185
-
Corradi, Sofia, 152
-
Corti, Matteo, 130
-
Cosimo I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 118
-
cosmology, 39
-
Cosmos (A. von Humboldt), 223
-
Cotton Factory Times (newspaper), 243
-
Council of Constance, 64
-
Courtauld, Samuel, 320
-
Courtauld Institute, 320
-
courtiers, 77–79
-
COVID-19 pandemic, 255
-
Creation stories, 17, 57, 97, 105, 197, 248, 264
-
Creed of a Modern Agnostic, The (Bithell), 257
-
Cristofano dell’Altissimo, 118
-
critical thinking, 199, 207–8
-
Croce, Benedetto, 307–9, 308, 331–32
-
Cult of the Supreme Being, 272
-
cults of personality, 20
-
cultural revival, 335–36
-
Cultural Revolution, 324, 325
-
Culture and Anarchy (M. Arnold), 238–39, 241–42, 262
-
Curia (papal court), 91, 99
-
Curtius, Ernst Robert, 83
-
Cyriac of Ancona, 67