INDEX

aircraft, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2

airport architecture, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

air transport systems, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 10.1

Amoozegar, Cyrus

angle of refraction, 7.1, 7.2

animal locomotion, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

body architecture differences in

bones in, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2

changing speeds in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

common characteristics in types of, 3.1, 3.2

diversity of, 3.1, 3.2

efficiency of, 3.1, 3.2

falling forward phenomenon of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5

force outputs of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

golden ratio and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

gravity and, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6

as guided locomotion, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1

legs in, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1

mass density in

metabolic rate in

organ sizes and, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1

prediction of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2

rhythm of, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2

scale in, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1

scaling laws of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 9.1

size and speed correlation of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

speeds of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

terrestrial types of, 4.1, 4.2

unifying physics theory of

useful energy in, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

wheel and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Archimedes

area constructs

Aristotle, 6.1, 8.1

Army, U.S., 6.1, 6.2

art, see golden ratio

athletes, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1

height/thickness ratio of, 4.1, 4.2

predicting success of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

size and speed correlation of, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

successful, racial differences in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

true body height of, 4.1, 4.2

athletic programs, university, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

Atlanta International Airport, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.1

bacteria, 10.1, 10.2

basketball, 4.1, 4.2

college, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

beauty, itr.1, 9.1, 9.2

Bejan, Anghel, 2.1, 9.1, 10.1

Benford’s law

bicycle racers, 3.1, 8.1

Bikila, Abebe

biology, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 10.1

biomimetics, 4.1, 7.1

birds, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1

black markets

Blind Watchmaker, The (Dawkins)

blood vessels, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1

as round-duct channels, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1

scaling law of

boats, 1.1, 3.1

body architecture, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Bolt, Usain

bones, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2

bottlenecks, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1

brain, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

bridges, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1

Brooks, David

Burgess Shale

businesses, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 10.1

hierarchy of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

Cambridge, University of, 1.1, 8.1

Carnot, Sadi, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 10.1

celestial bodies

channels, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1, 10.1

actual

multiscale, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 10.1

round cross section, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Charles, Jordan, 3.1, 4.1

Chen, J. D.

circulatory system, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1

hearts in, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1

laminar flow in

see also blood vessels

cities, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.1

angle of refraction in

in antiquity, 7.1, 7.2

plans of, 7.1, 8.1

civilization, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

Clausius, Rudolf, 1.1, 10.1

closed system, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

Earth as

cognition, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

collective behavior

communist governments, itr.1, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2

complexity, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1

computers, itr.1, 2.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

see also cooling systems

computer simulations, 2.1, 10.1

conical shapes, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

constructal law:

central tendency captured by

constraints on, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1

definition of, itr.1, 4.1, 6.1

“designer” eliminated by

determinism of, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 10.1

discovery of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1

empirical support of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 2.1

as a first principle, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

individual and

as law of physics, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2

morphing mechanisms of

predictions of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

terminology of

as way of seeing

“Constructal Self-Organization of Research” (Bejan)

“Constructal Theory of Written Language” (Amoozegar)

cooling systems, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 7.1, 7.2

copying, see biomimetics

cosmos, see celestial bodies

creationism, itr.1, 1.1

Crozat, Pierre

culture, 7.1, 9.1

Danube River, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

dark networks

Darwin, Charles, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 10.1

recent scientific questioning of, itr.1, itr.2

struggle for survival posited by, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

Dawkins, Richard

dead state, itr.1, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2

deformable solid materials, mechanics of, 4.1, 4.2

demography, 6.1, 6.2

design:

flow, see flow design

freedom as good for, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1

harmony as central tendency of

as macroscopic phenomenon

as natural phenomenon, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

as noun vs. verb

persistence in time of

Design with Constructal Theory (Bejan and Lorente)

determinism, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, 10.1

nondeterminism vs.

De Toy, Brian

diffusion, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

diversity, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

DNA, itr.1, 2.1, 10.1

dog, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1

drag force, 3.1, 9.1, 10.1

Duke University, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1

Earth, 3.1, 10.1

climate of, 7.1, 10.1

as closed system

convection on, 10.1, 10.2

as engine-and-brake system, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7

history of, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2

interconnectedness of, 5.1, 5.2

solar energy on, itr.1, 1.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6

in steady state

uneven heating of, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1

see also global flow

economics, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 10.1, 5.1

economies, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

black markets in

globalization of, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2

law of parsimony in

rational choice theory of

economies of scale

eddies, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 10.1

efficiency, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

egotistical behavior

Eiffel, Gustave

Eiffel Tower, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Eiffel Tree

Einstein, Albert

elemental construct, 2.1, 2.2

Elements (Euclid), 9.1, 9.2

empire building, individual vs.

empiricism, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 6.1, 8.1

energy, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 10.1

solar, itr.1, 1.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6

see also useful energy

energy conservation, law of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

engine-and-brake systems, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7

engines, 1.1, 3.1

piston and cylinder, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

steam, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1, 10.2

turbine, 1.1, 10.1

entrainment phenomenon, 1.1, 1.2

entropy, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

Entropy Generation Through Heat and Fluid Flow (Bejan)

environmental impact

environments, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1

desert

equilibrium with, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 5.1, 10.1

as tapestries, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1

of trees, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Epicurus

evolution:

adaptations in

constraints on

contingency in, itr.1, 3.1

convergent

Darwinian, see Darwin, Charles

directionality of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

mechanisms of

natural selection in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 8.1

phylogeny of

“replaying tape of”, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1

technology, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1

timescales of, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2

witnessing of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

exergy, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

see also useful energy

eye, see vision

fast and long vs. slow and short flows, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

in airport architecture, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

angle of refraction in, 7.1, 7.2

in broken-line vs. straight-line paths, 7.1, 7.2

in cities, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

comparable time in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.1

golden ratio and

in Pyramid construction

in river basins,

and two forms of movement, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 9.1

Faulkner, William

Fermat, Pierre

few large and many small, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.1

Fibonacci sequence

first construct, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

fish, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 10.1

flow

fast and long, see fast and long vs. slow and short flows

geography of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1

global, see global flow

of information, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

laminar, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 7.1, 10.1

as physical phenomenon

sources of

of stresses, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

transition in, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 7.1

turbulent, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

flow design

contrast in

drawings in, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 5.1, 7.1

experimental, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7

improvement over time of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

flow systems, 1.1, 1.2

architectural similarities in, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1

area-to-point, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

complexity generated by

configurations of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, itr.6, itr.7, itr.8, itr.9, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1

currents of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1

evolution over time of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1

finite-size, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1

imperfections needed by

intentionality lacked by, 1.1, 1.2

point-to-area, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 10.1

as preexisting and evolving

rhythm of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1

sizes of, 6.1, 6.2

steady state, 2.1, 10.1

fluid mechanics, 1.1, 1.2

flying, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 9.1

predicting design of, 3.1, 3.2

saw-tooth pattern of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

scale in, 3.1, 3.2

scaling laws for

V-shaped formations in, 3.1, 4.1

wing flapping in, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1

food chain

Ford Motor Company

forests, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1

see also trees

fossilized remains, itr.1, 10.1

fractal geometry, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 10.1, 10.2

Francis, W. Nelson

freedom, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1

as good for design, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1

as physics

friction, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1, 10.2

Futterman, Matthew,

Galileo Galilei, 2.1, 6.1, 10.1

GDP

genetics, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

geographical origin, see racial differences

geophysics, itr.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

George, Henry

getting lucky

getting smarter

global flow, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

churning and mixing n, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2

future of

human-and-machine species in, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5

of knowledge, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

resistances in

trees in, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

unifying theory of

globalization, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2

golden ratio, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

animal locomotion and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

beauty of, 9.1, 9.2

cognition and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

and fast and long vs. slow and short

of naturally emerging shapes, 9.1, 9.2

in publishing, 9.1, 9.2

symbol of

vision and, see vision

Gould, Stephen Jay, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 6.1, 10.1

governments, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2

communist, itr.1, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2

hierarchy of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7

gravity, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 6.1, 7.1

guided locomotion, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1

Haynsworth, Perry

heat, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 10.1

work created from, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

see also cooling systems; thermodynamics

heat-conducting materials

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Heron of Alexandria

Hess, Walter Rudolf

hierarchy, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

of bureaucracies, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

of businesses, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

of Catholic Church, 6.1, 6.2

of college basketball rankings, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

of English words

“few large and many small,” principle of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 10.1

of food chain

governmental, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7

harmony of

of human settlements, 6.1, 6.2

interdependence and

of Internet, 6.1, 6.2

military, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

multiscale channels of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 10.1

rigid vs. freely morphing, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 10.1

scale in

scientific knowledge and

of university rankings, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5

Hines, Jim

Hippodamus of Miletus

Hoppeler, Hans

Horton, Robert Elmer, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2

Howard University

human-and-machine species, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6

Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort (Zipf)

human relations, 8.1, 8.2

human settlements, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

see also cities

icebergs, itr.1, 1.1

idiosyncratic variation, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1

imperfections, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

distribution of, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 10.1, 10.2

reduction of, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2

individuals, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1

empire building vs.

Industrial Revolution, 1.1, 10.1, 10.2

information, itr.1, itr.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 10.1

flow of, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

movement of, from vision to brain, 9.1, 9.2

intelligent design, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1

Internet, itr.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1

interstices, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1

isolated systems, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

kinematics

knowledge, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 8.1

as culture

global flow of, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

human vs. natural

scientific, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1

Kucˇera, Henry,

laminar flow, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 7.1, 10.1

language, itr.1, 1.1, 4.1, 9.1, 10.1

written, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

Zipf’s law of, 6.1, 8.1

latent heat of solidification

lava flows, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

Lavoisier, Antoine

Lemaitre, Christophe

Leonardo da Vinci, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1

liberty, see freedom

life, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1

definition of, itr.1, itr.2, 6.1, 10.1

origin of, itr.1, 10.1

lightning bolts, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1

liquid droplets, splat vs. splash of, itr.1, itr.2

local roads, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1

logs, floating, itr.1, 1.1

Lorente, Sylvie, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1

Lotka’s law

lungs, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1

alveoli of, itr.1, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

bifurcated structure of, 1.1, 3.1, 6.1

breathing rhythm of, 1.1, 7.1

Marden, James H.

Marx, Karl

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1

mass conservation, law of

mechanical strength, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1

mechanisms, itr.1, 7.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

“Medium Is the Medium, The” (Brooks)

Mendel, Gregor, 1.1, 1.2

Merkx, Gilbert W.

Michelangelo

migration, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

Miller, Kenneth

momentum

horizontal, 1.1, 1.2

transfer of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1

Morris, Simon Conway, itr.1, itr.2

mud cracks, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 3.1

Murray, Cecil D.

Murray’s law

mutations, random, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 8.1

nanotechnology, 2.1, 8.1

National Academy of Engineering

National Basketball Association (NBA), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

Natural Theology (Paley)

NCAA basketball tournament, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

Newcomen, Thomas

Newton, Isaac, itr.1, 3.1, 6.1

Olympics, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

On Growth and Form (Thompson)

open systems, 1.1, 1.2

optimization,

Paley, William

Papin, Denis, 1.1, 1.2

Planck, Max, 6.1, 10.1

Prandtl, Ludwig

Pravda

Prigogine, Ilya, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1

Pyramids, Egyptian, itr.1, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1

racial differences, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Rankine, William Macquorn

rational choice theory

refraction

angle of, 7.1, 7.2

law of

refrigeration, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1

Reis, Heitor

resistances, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

resistivity, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1

respiratory system, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 6.1, 10.1

see also lungs

Reynolds number, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

Rhodes, 7.1, 7.2

rice, boiling, self-organization of, itr.1, itr.2, 4.1

river basins, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, itr.6, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

evolution over time of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

fast and long vs. slow and short movement in

resistance encountered in, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

scaling laws of, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2

soil erosion and, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2

rivers, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 3.1, 5.1

deltas of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 7.1

meander pattern of, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1

rainfall rivulets and, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 10.1

scaling laws of, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1

Romania, itr.1, 2.1

Romanian language

Romans, ancient, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1

Rome, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

round duct channels, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

rowing races

running, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1

scaling laws of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

speed of, 3.1, 3.2

stride frequency of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6

useful energy losses in, 3.1, 3.2

running, as sport

long-distance

see also sprinters

scale, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2

in animal locomotion, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1

scaling laws, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, 10.1

of animal locomotion, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 9.1

of blood vessels

of food requirements

of river basins, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2

of rivers, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1

of trees, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Schlumberger-Doll Research

Schumm, Stanley A.

scientific knowledge, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1

scientific method

self-organization, itr.1, itr.2, 4.1

self-preservation

sliding, 4.1, 7.1

slow and short, see fast and long vs. slow and short flows

snowflakes, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4

social constructs, itr.1, itr.2

social Darwinism

social dynamics, 8.1, 8.2

social systems, itr.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

civilization, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

constraints on

and oneness of nature, 6.1, 6.2

pattern generation phenomena in

scientific knowledge and

vascularization of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

soil erosion, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 8.1

solar energy, itr.1, 1.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6

solid-body conduction

solidification, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

crack formation of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 3.1

Soviet Union, itr.1, 4.1, 9.1

sports, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1

prediction of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

see also specific sports

sprinters, itr.1, 4.1

racial differences in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

size and speed correlation of, 4.1, 4.2

speed records of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6

true body height of, 4.1, 4.2

steady-state systems, 2.1, 10.1

steam engines, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1, 10.2

swimmers, athletic

racial differences in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

size and speed correlation of, 4.1, 4.2

speed records of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6

true body height of, 4.1, 4.2

wave generated by, 4.1, 4.2

swimming, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1

water displacement in, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 10.1

technology, itr.1, itr.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

nanotechnology, 2.1, 8.1

power-generation, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5; see also engines

wheel, 4.1, 4.2

technology evolution, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1

teleological argument

theft

thermodynamics, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 10.1

“ambient” or “environment” in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

equilibrium in, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 5.1, 10.1

as field, origin of

first law of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 10.1

second law of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

systems of, 1.1, 1.2

Thompson, D’Arcy

Thoreau, Henry David, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2

time arrow, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 9.1

Tinkerer’s Accomplice, The (Turner), itr.1

toilet paper, momentum transferred by, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

Tomescu, Constantina

trade routes

traffic design, 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 10.1

trains, high-speed

transportation systems, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

see also air transport systems

treelike patterns and structures, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1

of cities

of dried mud cracks, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 3.1

Eiffel Tower, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

of laminar flow, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

of lava flows, itr.1, 10.1

of lightning bolts, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1

of root systems

slow and short vs. fast and long regimes in, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

societal

of stress pattern lines, 4.1, 4.2

of water flows, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1

trees, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2

branches of, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

canopies of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

conical shapes in, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

environmental influences on, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Fibonacci sequence in

in global flow, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

mechanical strength of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1

necessary functions of

oneness of nature suggested by, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

roots of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8

round cross sections of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

scaling laws of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

size and distribution of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 8.1, 8.2

stress flow in, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5

trunks of, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8

two-spiral construction of

wind stresses of, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7

turbines, 1.1, 10.1

turbulence, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

Turner, J. Scott, itr.1, itr.2

“Two Hierarchies in Science” (Bejan),

universal design balance

universities, itr.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

as area constructs

athletic programs at, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

changing rankings of

hierarchy of

ideas generated by, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5

most-cited researchers at, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5

older, 8.1, 8.2

rankings of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 10.1

urban design

useful energy (exergy), itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

in animal locomotion, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

U.S. News & World Report, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5

vascularization, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

vegetation design, 5.1, 6.1

see also trees

Verstehen, Weber’s concept of, 6.1

viscous diffusion, 1.1, 1.2

vision, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

in guided locomotion, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1

horizontal field of, 9.1, 9.2

in movement of information to brain, 9.1, 9.2

Vitruvian man, 4.1, 4.2

volcanoes, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

lava flows of, itr.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

vortex street

V-shaped formations, 3.1, 4.1

Washington Monument

water, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 7.1

displacement of, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 10.1

in rainfall, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 5.1, 5.2, 10.1

treelike flows of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1

trees in movement of, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

see also river basins; rivers

Watt, James

wealth, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2

weather patterns, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

Weber, Max

Wechsatol, Wishsanuruk

Weibel, Ewald R.

wheel, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1

animal locomotion and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

cycloid of, 3.1, 10.1

Williams, C. B.

wind, itr.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 10.1

Wonderful Life (Gould), 3.1

work, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1

heat and, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

writing, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

Zipf, George Kingsley, law of, 6.1, 8.1