1. Neolithic, Minoan, and Mycenaean periods
2. Areas of Indo-European language groups
3. Phoenician and Greek colonization, c. 800–c. 500 B.C.
4. Magna Graecia, Greece, and Anatolia
7. Alexander’s route of conquest, 334–323 B.C.
8. The Hellenistic world, c. 240 B.C.
1. Attica showing Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.) and Battle of Salamis (480 B.C.)
2. Athens near the end of the fifth century B.C.
1. Examples of words in Linear B script
2. Examples of letters from early alphabets
1.1 Fifth-century B.C. Athenian inscription
1.3 Neolithic sculpture of a man
2.2 Gold “Death Mask” of Agamemnon from Mycenae
2.3 Fortification wall and gate at Mycenae
3.1 Sculpted metal bands from Nimrud, showing trade goods and timber
3.2 Dark Age model of grain storage containers
3.3 Dark Age figurine of a centaur
4.1 Theater and temple of Apollo at Delphi
4.3 Archaic Age marble statue of an unmarried girl wearing finery
5.1 Vase painting of trade at Cyrene
5.2 Temple of Apollo at Corinth
5.3 Vase painting of a wedding procession
6.2 The Parthenon temple on the Acropolis at Athens
7.1 Painting of preparations for an animal sacrifice
7.3 Vase painting of a symposium, including a hetaira
8.1 Both sides of a silver coin (an “owl”) of Athens
8.2 Vase painting of a comic actor
9.1 Mosaic scene of Plato’s Academy
9.2 Reconstructed head of Philip II of Macedonia
9.3 Gold medallion with portrait of Alexander the Great
10.1 Sculpture of a queen or goddess from Hellenistic Egypt