Index

Page numbers in bold denote figures.

abductive logic 2089, 211, 213, 220

acceleration: social acceleration 33, 36, 120, 122, 139; acceleration of time 346

adolescence 51, 83, 90; leisure as existential adolescence 51, 122, 172

aesthetics 4, 6, 82, 10910, 112, 1246, 162, 1736, 188, 190, 197, 212, 2201

affect 86, 171, 1835, 204, 227; affect attunement 878, 134, 142; affective resonance hypothesis 134, 179

Ahmed, Z.U. 106

Alma, H.A. 68

Appiah, K. 107

Aquinas, T. 18, 19

Arendt, H. 156, 178

Argyle, M. 1921

Aristotle 4, 17, 23, 64, 96, 1012, 108, 122, 172, 219, 22730

art 20, 124, 139, 1434, 150, 154, 190, 192, 201; shock art 124, 1747, 1802

art of life 96, 10810, 112, 122, 1246, 128, 163, 16970, 179, 1845, 188, 192, 195, 21921, 22931

aura 139, 150, 1745

authenticity 2, 5, 23, 301, 49, 67, 69, 108, 119, 139, 150, 1734, 181

Backman, K.F. 158

Bacon, F. 20, 117, 1367, 139

Baggini, J. 99

Bailey, E. 155

Bairner, A. 216

Barkow, J. 137

Barnett, L.A. 69

Barret, C. 3, 16

Bartky, S.L. 66

Bate, P. 2034, 207, 211

Bataille, G. 228

Batteau, A.W. 97

Baudrillard, J. 119

Bauman, Z. 302, 47, 107, 140, 224

Baumeister, R.F. 61, 108

beauty 67, 72, 10910, 112, 139, 159, 163, 1746, 231

Beck, U. 32

Bedeutung 61

Begum, S. 101

being 14, 235, 345, 65, 71, 73, 956, 102, 104, 108, 110, 1212, 1257, 136, 215, 224, 2278, 230; see also Dasein

Benjamin, W. 1389, 14950, 1735

Bentham, J. 21

Berger, B.M. 489

Berger, H.M. 181

Bergson, H. 123, 163

Berlin, I. 228

Berntzen, H. 17981

Best, S. 103

Bevolo, M. 208

Bigné, J.E. 8990

Bildung 1901

Bingham, T. 146

black metal 174, 17685

Blackshaw, T. 26, 23, 301, 36, 478, 534, 60, 62, 72, 74, 1078, 112, 120, 122, 124, 140, 147, 150, 1612, 169, 173, 225, 228

body 43, 803, 102, 141, 156, 1634, 173, 1812, 189, 205; embodiment 7, 823, 8690, 1278, 1345, 13940, 142, 1447, 14950, 163, 176, 1789, 185, 205, 212, 214, 2256

Bolter, J.D. 144

Bond, C. 70

Boomkens, R. 1723, 180

boredom 69, 119, 123

Borsay, P. 53

Boswijk, A. 645, 678

Bouwer, J. 12, 8, 46, 50, 60, 62, 75, 84, 1612, 164, 192, 196, 228

Brackenridge, C. 104

brain 434, 812, 127, 1378, 163

Brandom, R. 88

Bransen, J. 88

Breda 91, 202

Bregha, F.J. 5, 23, 53

Bretherton, D. 141

Brown, L. 102

Bruce, S. 155

Brymer, E. 181

Bull, C. 13, 20, 103

Burns, G.L. 107

Burns, R.P. 989

Burton, T.L. 4, 1619

Caldwell, L. 24

Calvin, J. 19

Cameron, M. 61

care 18, 42, 71, 101, 10910, 112, 122, 1256, 128, 229, 231; see also healthcare

Carr, N. 133

Casanova, J. 154

Castañeda, Q. 106

category mistake 44

catharsis 54, 1801, 207

celebration 14, 23, 72, 185, 2067, 209, 211, 215, 219

Cenite, M. 146

centre-out-there 69

Chalip, L. 205, 207

Chandler, C.K. 15960

Chester, A. 141

Chick, G. 2256

christianity 24, 118, 156, 158, 1758, 180, 189

Cicero 18

citizenship 17, 32, 48, 103, 154, 192, 230

city see urban environment

civil society 179, 219

Clark, A. 127

Coalter, F. 1, 59, 60, 206, 218

co-creation 2, 7, 545, 146, 184, 188, 1913, 1967, 199201, 2034, 207, 20912, 212, 214, 216, 21820

Coetzee, H.K. 162

cognition 29, 43, 64, 83, 856, 8890, 125, 1378, 171, 179, 183, 185, 198, 218; embedded cognition 823, 86, 134, 163, 173, 225; embodied cognition 823, 86, 127, 134, 1634

Cohen, E. 69, 74

Cohen, J. 198

Cohen, S. 97

coherentism 66

Cokal, S. 176

commodification 31, 119, 173

communitas 2067, 219

community 56, 21, 28, 62, 71, 74, 98, 1256, 1447, 149, 154, 157, 171, 179, 182, 189, 199, 2012, 205, 2079, 216, 21821

compatibilism (about free will) 436

complex adaptive system 146, 1936, 201, 203, 212, 21215

conceptual analysis 4, 15, 60, 73, 1612, 165, 195, 229

connectedness 68, 74, 139, 15660, 1645, 181

consequentialism 99100, 102, 111

constraints 31, 423, 4850, 52, 72, 226

consumption 29, 48, 105, 11920, 144, 163, 172, 1901, 193; conspicuous consumption 21, 121

contemplation 2, 1720, 223, 102, 162, 227, 230

Cooper, W. 4

Copernicus 117

copyright infringement 1434

cosmopolitanism 107, 112

Crane, A. 98

Crawford, G. 141

creativity 3, 1920, 55, 123, 144, 146, 178, 181, 1912, 196; see also remediation

Cross, G.S. 103

crowdsourcing 143, 145, 148, 193, 196

Csikszentmihalyi, M. 78, 138, 171

culture: cross-cultural interaction 147, 14950, 184, 21520, 225; cultural diversity 97, 216

Cunningham, P.H. 108

customer journey 203

D’Angour, A. 17

Damásio, A.R. 88, 135

Damásio, B.F. 68

Darwin, C. 117

Dasein 1257, 136, 228

Davidson, I. 137

Davies, W.H. 231

Dawkins, R. 51

De Grazia, S. 2, 18, 23, 41, 104, 190, 2278

DeGrazia, D. 84, 200

De Jaegher, H. 89

Deleuze, G. 95

De Leeuw, J. 107

DeLisle, L.J. 13, 1516

Delle Fave, A. 62

De Montaigne, M. 20

Den Hartogh, G. 96

Dennett, D. 446, 50, 84

deontology 99, 102, 105, 111, 122, 211, 213

Derrida, J. 198

Descartes, R. 20, 43, 81, 117, 137

design 49, 196, 2034, 20714, 212

desire 5, 45, 47, 156, 171, 173

DesJardins, J. 968

determinism 426, 97

development: child development 514, 83, 858, 198, 218; cognitive development 1378, 142, 198, 218; self-development through leisure 1618, 106, 10912, 126, 128, 155, 160, 162, 172, 18990; zone of proximal development 198; see also evolution

Diener, E. 78, 171

Dietz, K-M. 224

Dijksterhuis, E.J. 136, 138

Dik, B.J. 68

Dilthey, W. 59, 1224, 127

Dingle, G.A. 181

Di Paolo, E.A. 89

disability 107, 111, 158, 1823, 195, 205

Disney 90

Dohmen, J. 109

Doolan, C. 160

Dretske, F. 645

dualism 43, 80

Dumazedier, J. 190

Durkheim, E. 153

dynamical systems theory see complex adaptive system

Eagleton, T. 63

Eco, U. 218

economy 668, 1067, 190

edgework 51, 124, 17284

Edginton, C.R. 5, 15, 22, 158

Edginton, S.R. 5, 15, 22, 158

education 5, 1718, 62, 109, 1489, 189

EEG 43

Efteling, De 90

Eichmann, A. 178

Elkington, S. 24

embodiment see body

emotions 64, 67, 73, 823, 8792, 1345, 138, 154, 156, 161, 1712, 179, 181, 1835, 1934, 204, 207

empiricism 20, 29, 117, 136

enactivism 825, 127

enlightenment 21, 28, 42, 11718, 136, 154

entertainment 1819, 69, 133, 140, 1723, 180, 1901, 230

Epicurus 109

epistemology 6, 29, 656, 70, 734, 99, 125, 20810

Erfahrung 356, 645, 67, 723, 123, 139; see also experience, momentous experience

Erlebnis 356, 645, 67, 724, 119, 123, 139; see also experience, momentary experience

Erlebnisgesellschaft 119, 139; see also experience economy

escapism 478, 53, 182

ethics: applied ethics 99100; body-based ethical theory 1634; business ethics 100, 1056, 111; cosmopolitan ethics 107, 111; environmental ethics 100, 103, 105, 107; ethical naturalism 1345, 179; ethical normativity 46, 489, 51, 545, 96, 98, 101, 124, 134, 1439, 17681, 188, 205, 210, 216; intercultural ethics 14750, 21519; major ethical positions 97102; meta-ethics 99, 101; mode 1

ethics 101; mode 2

ethics 101; mode 3

ethics 110; practical ethics 99100; sports ethics 105, 189; theoretical ethics 99100; virtue ethics 99100, 102, 109, 111, 189

eudaimonia 64, 1012, 108, 11012, 122, 163, 169, 1712, 184, 188, 210, 219, 231; see also flourishing

Europe 3, 19, 109, 11718, 180, 199, 218, 227

event 51, 55, 57, 64, 912, 143, 1902, 1957, 20121, 212

evil 1819, 17781

evolution 52, 56, 87, 117, 133, 1368, 140, 185, 198

existentialism 3, 25, 51, 612, 69, 110, 117, 122, 127, 139, 157, 1723, 185, 226

experience: experience as exploitation 121, 122; experience as state of consciousness 71, 74; immediate experience 64, 67, 73; meaningful experience 60, 6575, 912, 1214, 139, 212; modes of experience 65, 73; momentary experience 1235, 139, 173 (see also Erlebnis); momentous experience 123, 139 (see also Erfahrung); normal and ordinary experiences 30, 153; pressure of experience 1213; spectator experience 174, 176, 219; subjective quality of experience 645, 73; subjectivisation of experience 73

experience economy 667, 119, 139, 16970, 173, 193; see also Erlebnisgesellschaft

experiment: leisure as experimentation 51, 54, 69, 74, 96, 110, 1212, 125, 133, 1412, 144, 206, 228; scientific experimentation 33, 434, 136, 1778; thought experiment 812, 1989

exploitation see experience, experience as exploitation

exploration see leisure, leisure as exploration

Facebook 142, 214

Fain, G.S. 3, 1034

fairytale 86, 90, 199

Feio, J.D.B. 207

feminism 66, 73, 105

Fennell, D.A. 106

festival 19, 91, 197, 209

FIFA World Cup 21718

fitness 17, 164

Fitzgerald, H. 2045

Flanagan, K. 157

flourishing 56, 17, 245, 623, 1002, 111, 164, 171, 219, 228; see also eudaimonia

flow 13, 82, 171

fluidity: psychological fluidity 1403, 147; social fluidity 1403, 147; see also leisure, liquid leisure

football 21718

Ford, D. 29, 623, 228

Fosl, P.S. 99

Foucault, M. 109

Frankfurt, H. 456, 50

Frankl, V. 67

Franssen, M. 136

free will 426, 57

freedom 23, 31, 4157, 120, 124, 146, 228

Freire, T. 24

frenetic standstill 34, 36, 122, 229

Freud, S. 11718, 153

Friedman, M. 182

Frigg, R. 199

Fulford, R. 199

fun 48, 501, 53, 56, 79, 90, 134, 138, 1478, 172, 1845, 192, 206, 214

funeral 207

Gable, S.L. 171

Gadamer, H.-G. 54, 59, 73

Gallagher, S. 86, 135

Gallese, V. 138

game 212, 4950, 536, 89, 135, 141, 184, 198

Gärdenfors, P. 137

Gardner, S. 174

Gehlen, A. 1367

Gerring, J. 225

Giddens, A. 32, 110, 226

Gilmore, J.H. 667, 119

Giordan, G. 157

Gjesdal, K. 59

globalisation 154, 216

Godbey, G. 13, 16, 20, 155

good life 5, 1619, 245, 34, 36, 62, 957, 1014, 10812, 163, 16970, 2245

Goodale, T. 13, 16, 20, 155, 2278

goth scene 1789

Gould, S.J. 56

Graham, G. 154

Gras-Dijkstra, S. 99100

Gray, C.B. 22

Gray, T. 181

Greenfield, S. 133

Greenhalgh, T. 193, 203

Grouden, M.E. 612

Grusin, R. 144

Gumbrecht, H.U. 163

Guru, S. 32

Heraclitus 197, 224

Habermas, J. 312, 60

Hadot, P. 109

Haidt, J. 171

Hall, J.R. 29

Haldane, J. 100

happiness 1617, 235, 28, 36, 47, 634, 712, 96, 1002, 158, 1712, 225, 2278, 230

Hayborn, D.M. 64

health 1718, 71, 74, 189, 1926, 2035; spiritual health 159

healthcare 1926, 2035

heavy metal 143, 174, 17685

hedonic treadmill 1835

hedonism 64, 70, 102, 109, 111, 121, 1713, 1835, 190, 227

Heidegger, M. 122, 1257, 136, 228

Heintzman, P. 23, 155, 15861, 165

Helprin, M. 134, 143

Hemingway, J.L. 227

Henderson, K.A. 12, 105

Heo, J. 158

hermeneutics 2, 31, 54, 5960, 72, 100, 125, 1423, 147

Hickerson, B. 226

Hirstein, W. 81

Holba, A. 34, 14, 1821, 23, 230

Hoffman, J. 95

Hoffman, L. 29

holy 23, 31, 1613

Homo ludens 2, 22

horror 176, 180

hospitality 107, 111

hsiao yao 225

Huizinga, J. 2, 22, 190

Hume, D. 20, 117, 164

Hunnicut, B.K. 14, 1617

Hurd, A.R. 6

Huta, V. 102

Hutto, D. 856, 198, 217

hyperreality 119

idealism 18891, 195, 20811, 217, 2201

identity: cultural identity 80, 189, 2168; personal identity 50, 7885, 88, 92, 135, 142, 147, 204; see also personality

idleness 1821, 23

IKEAization 120, 147, 169

Ildefonso, G.M. 18

illegal downloading 1434

imagination 55

imagineering 195

important, the 36, 62, 72, 745, 96, 110, 22831

industrial revolution 201, 136, 181

information and communications technology 1345, 138

informatisation 138

innovation 175, 1926, 216, 220

internalisation 48

internet 119, 133, 135, 13950, 193, 203; deep web 146; dark web 146

Iriki, A. 137

Iso-Ahola, S.E. 78

Iwasaki, Y. 72, 158

Jackson, E.L. 4, 1619

Johnson, M. 88

Jones, E.H. 29

Jose, P.E. 612

Joseph, S. 24

Jupp, P.C. 157

justice 56, 105, 111

Kannekens, J. 107

Kant, I. 21, 99, 117

Kaplan, M. 104, 108

Keenan, T. 83

Keijzer, F. 45

Kekes, J. 63, 74

Kelly, J.R. 59, 6970

Kerr, A. 141

King, L.A. 172

Kirk, D. 2045

Kleiber, D.A. 78, 80, 159, 170

Knoepffler, N. 98, 101

Korea: North Korea 201; South Korea 171, 218, 225

Korfmacher, C. 80

Kosmin, B.A. 155

Kraus, R. 223

Kross, E. 142

Kruithof, J. 61

Kuhn, T.S. 119

Kunneman, H. 32

labour 1820, 139; see also work

Lakoff, G. 88

Larsen, R.J. 171, 1834

Layard, R. 101

Lee, J. 225

leisure: charter for leisure 189; dark leisure 51, 1789 (see also edgework); extreme leisure 134, 176, 184 (see also edgework); history of leisure 1325; leisure as commodity 20; leisure as contemplation 2, 1720, 102, 162, 227, 230; leisure as devotional practice 23, 31, 36, 162; leisure as end in life 3, 5, 18, 21, 23, 25, 1013, 108, 11011, 185, 202, 229; leisure as experimentation 51, 54, 69, 74, 96, 110, 1212, 125, 133, 1412, 144, 206, 228; leisure as exploration 49, 51, 54, 567, 1223, 1256, 140, 147; leisure as human thriving 234; leisure as optimal human well-being 24, 35, 109; leisure as practical metaphor 56, 202, 206; leisure as relaxation 14, 20, 230; leisure as spiritual attitude 15366; leisure as state of mind 24, 71, 74, 227; leisure-based tools 173, 192, 196, 202, 212; leisure class 21; leisure ethic 21, 97, 10810, 112; leisure ideal 7, 16, 18, 227; leisure policy 195, 206, 20810, 220; leisure related to the very essence of being or becoming human 25, 956, 110; leisure skills 142; leisure studies 1, 2, 46, 1415, 5960, 227; leisure through and with experience 70; liquid leisure 2, 1078, 112, 14050, 224; neighbourhood leisure 209, 216; phenomenal, contextual, temporal and valuational meanings of leisure 70; philosophical leisure 3, 4, 14, 230; serious leisure 4, 31, 41, 47, 51, 56, 84, 172, 185, 190; transformative leisure experience 207, 208, 211; virtual leisure 13350; see also skholē; otium

Lengkeek, J.L. 22, 69

Levinas, E. 228

libertarianism (about free will) 43

Libet, B. 434

life: life politics 110; life satisfaction 5, 142, 1702, 185; quality of life 24, 103, 220; see also good life

liminality 30, 2056, 215, 219

Lindijer, C.H. 2930

Linley, A. 24

liquid modernity 2, 31, 120, 140; see also postmodernity

literature 127, 197200

Little, D.E. 1601

Liu, H. 59

Locke, J. 20, 81, 117

Lord, E. 158

Lovelock, B. 96, 1067

Lovelock, K.M. 1067

Luckmann, T. 155

Lucy, N. 29

Luther, M. 19

luxury 201

Lyas, C. 174

Lynn, W. 97, 1001

Lyotard, J.-F. 29, 118

McAdams, D.P. 83

McDonaldization 120, 147

McDowell, K.L. 66

McGinn, C. 180, 200

McLean, D.J. 105

McLean, D.L. 59

McNamee, M. 1045

McNamee, S. 210

Main, R. 1545

Malloy, D.C. 106

Mannell, R.C. 159

Mängelwesen 136

Maravita, A. 137

Marcus Aurelius 18

Marx, K. 11718, 139, 153

Mathews, N. 137

Matten, D. 98

Maxmin, J. 193

meaning: absence of meaning 227; authentic meaning 13; contextualised meaning 5960; everyday meaning 623, 723; horizontal dimension of meaning 73; inner meaning 212; making meaning 68; meaning as continuum of experiences 70, 74; meaning experientialism 71; meaning holism 71; meaning of life 13, 23, 623, 67, 73, 75, 161, 164; meaning in life 62, 68, 73, 1589, 1612, 164; meaning is a dynamic concept 73; ontological meaning 72, 161, 224; pluralism of meanings 74

mechanistic conception of reality 1368

Merleau-Ponty, M. 127, 164

metaphor 56, 69, 88, 120, 147, 1967, 2002, 206, 212, 21213, 215, 217; generative metaphor 2001; interactive metaphor 201; leisure as a practical metaphor 56, 202, 206

metaphysics 51, 63, 70, 989, 208, 210

methodology 79, 126, 210

modernity 2836, 153; four core processes of modernity 33; hypermodernity 29; late modernity 29, 32; ‘modernity 130; ‘modernity 230; radical discontinuity with modernity 29, 36, 153; run-away-modernity 33; supermodernity 29; see also liquid modernity

Moen, O.M. 102

Mogilner, C. 101

Mommaas, H. 1

Moorhouse, H. 6

morality 33, 63, 979, 111, 119, 134, 1437, 1634, 17781, 189, 207; minimum conception of morality 98; moral relativism 211; moral value synchronisation 211; Western morality 109, 112

murderball 1823, 192, 205

Muthert, J.K. 68

mysticism 139, 1602, 165

Naess, A. 95

Nagel, T. 127

narrative 49, 51, 846, 889, 912, 1224, 126, 142, 196202, 2046, 21119, 212, 226, 228; see also story; see also storytelling

narrative practice hypothesis 856, 198

Nawijn, J. 24, 158

Netherlands, The 91, 192, 21415

network society 1901

network: online social network 91, 142, 1456, 148, 150 (see also social media); social support network 47, 91, 145, 1924, 196, 201, 204, 206, 208, 212, 21516, 21819

Neulinger, J. 46, 50

Neville, R.D. 701, 734

Nichols, S. 134, 179

Nietzsche, F. 11718, 121, 124, 153, 154, 1634, 180

nihilism 121, 1756

Nijs, D. 195, 213

Nintendoization 1478

Nisbett, R.E. 217

Noble, W. 137

Noë, A. 83

normativity 48, 55, 78, 83, 99, 124, 134, 1467, 149, 176, 179

Oksala, J. 66

Olympic Ideal 189, 195, 217, 220

Olympic Games 218

ontology: leisure as an ontological category 14, 161; ontological foundation of leisure ethics 99, 112; ontological meaning 70, 72, 161

Opaschowski, H.W. 103

openness 23, 35, 912, 125, 139, 198, 200, 202, 206, 209, 212, 217; see also Dasein; see also liminality

optimism 24, 171, 193, 196, 206

O’Regan, K. 83

Osbeck, L.M. 110

Oshlag, R.S. 201

otium 17; see also leisure

Ott, H. 155

pain 102, 1801, 184

Painter-Morland, M. 956

Paloutzian, R.F. 164

panta rhei 224

Parfit, D. 812

Pargament, K.I. 157

Park, C.L. 62

Parker, S. 47

Parr, M.G. 23, 108

participation society 193

Patterson, I. 158

Pawelski, J.O. 102

Peirce, C.S. 208

person 446, 501, 62, 79, 81, 85, 88, 92, 125, 191, 215

personality 54, 789, 84; see also identity

Peters, F. 195

Peters, K. 216, 218

Peterson, C. 24, 102

Petrarch 20, 230

Petrie, H.G. 201

phenomenology 41, 45, 48, 50, 523, 70, 125, 127, 139, 156, 160, 163

philosophy: analytical philosophy 1268; ancient Greek philosophy 1618, 10910, 197, 224 (see also Aristotle; Epicurus; Heraclitus; Plato; Socrates;stoics; Thales); ancient roman philosophers 1718; continental philosophy 1268, 1367; moral philosophy 104;

philosophy of cognition 83, 85, 127

phronesis 100, 110

Picard, R. 101

Pieper, J. 2, 4, 223, 162, 190

Pine, J.B. 667, 119

Plato 1617, 81, 96, 109, 175

play 2, 1617, 212, 49, 536, 92, 125, 142, 229

playfulness 556, 106, 108, 111, 123, 144, 147, 191, 202, 206, 212

pleasure 1617, 19, 212, 71, 8990, 102

Plsek, P.E. 193, 203

positivism 2, 59, 1267, 209

Possamai, A. 154

Post, P. 158

postmodernity 2836, 48, 11621, 139, 143, 148, 153, 169, 1723, 1756, 197; second postmodernity 323; see also liquid modernity

Pott, H. 154

Prizmic, Z. 171, 1834

protestantism 19, 108, 153

Przelecki, M. 60

psychology 601, 67, 808, 118, 127, 137, 1403, 147, 157, 1701, 1778; developmental psychology 51, 54, 56, 837; embodied psychology see body, embodiment; evolutionary psychology 137; folk psychology 856; positive psychology 234, 171

Puchalski, C.M. 156

Puett, M. 8, 164

punishment 145

Purrington, A. 226

qualia 127

quality of life see life

Rachels, J. 978

Rademakers, L. 3, 41, 190

Ragheb, M.G. 60

Rahner, K. 22, 155

Ramberg, B. 59

Rand, A. 102

rationalism 20

Rauchaudhuri, U. 2256

readiness potential 43

recognition 21719

recreation 23, 14, 202, 1035, 111, 160, 162, 227, 230

reductionism 81, 127

reformation 1921

reframing 56, 91, 2002, 207, 211, 21315

Reker, G.T. 61, 67

Reinhard, R. 163

relaxation 20, 230

religion 15366

remediation 144

renaissance 1920

research: empirical research 712, 1589, 1624, 185, 220; phenomenographic research 70; qualitative, phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches 70

Richards, G. 191

Ricoeur, J.P.G. 11718

ritual 1723, 205, 207

Ritzer, G. 32, 120

Robert, G. 2034, 207, 211

Roberts, K. 4, 712, 74, 84

Robertson, B. 96

Robinson, D.N. 110

Rochberg-Halton, E. 138

Rojek, C. 1, 3, 4, 14, 1617, 22, 301, 36, 47, 71, 103

Roman Catholic Church 19

romanticism 1812, 215

Roothaan, A. 156

Rorty, R. 119

Rosa, H. 336, 122, 229

Rosenkrantz, G. 95

Rousseau, J.J. 21, 117

Rowlands, M. 164

Rubin, H. 182

Rückenstein, M. 22

rules 42, 4950, 52, 98

Russell, D. 120

Russell, V. 1719, 25

Ryle, G. 44

sacralisation 160, 163

sacred 154, 1567, 1613, 165, 1756

Sager, A. 5

Samdahl, D.M. 225, 227

satanism 1768, 180

satisfaction: leisure satisfaction 170; life satisfaction 5, 142, 1702, 183, 185

Scalise Sugiyama, M. 86

Scheuerman, W. 334

Schleiermacher, F. 59

Schmid, W. 109

Schmidt, C. 158, 1601, 165

Schneider, I.E. 158

Schnell, T. 68

Schön, D.A. 200

Schulz, J. 70

Schulze, G. 34, 11920, 139, 173

scientific models 199

Scott, J.W. 66

Scruton, R. 5, 23, 1756, 181

Searle, J. 210

secularisation 1545, 165

self: self-actualisation 5, 68, 110, 227;

self-care 10910, 229; self-construal 83, 170, 181, 185; self-determination 71, 173; self-development 1620, 109, 1623, 172; self-knowledge 53, 109; self-management 84, 200; self-organisation 147, 191, 1945, 207, 213; self-realisation 223, 10910, 231; self-responsibility 109; self-transcendence 17, 68; see also identity; personality

Seligman, M. 171

semantics 199200

Seneca 18

Shapiro, D. 182

shared space of the adjacent possible 198

Sharman, L. 181

Sheldrake, P. 163

Shivers, J.S. 2, 13, 1516

Singer, P. 97

Sinn 61

Sirgy, M.J. 64

situatedness 31, 123, 125, 1367

skholē 4, 17, 46, 71, 96, 108, 110, 122, 162, 165, 225, 22830; see also leisure

Skorupski, J. 98

Smaling, A. 68

Smith, S.H. 103

social constructivism 20910

social innovation 1956, 216, 220

social media 54, 121, 133, 135, 14050

sociology 4, 323, 59, 72, 1545, 157, 2267

Socrates 109

sofia 110

Solmsen, F. 22930

Solomon, R. 156

Sonck, N. 142

Sorge 122, 1256; see also care

soul 14, 22, 43, 801, 162

Spiel 54

Spinoza, Baruch de 42

spiritual tourism 1589

spirituality 223, 109, 150, 15366, 205

sport 106, 1812, 184, 189, 2056, 21420; extreme sports 1812

Spracklen, B. 178

Spracklen, K. 34, 1415, 1718, 212, 312, 36, 60, 116, 178, 226

Stanford prison experiment 1778

Stausberg, M. 158

Stebbins, R.A. 34, 1415, 1718, 24, 41, 47, 102, 172, 190

Steenbergen, J. 189

Steger, M.F. 68

Stern, D.N. 87

Stewart, I. 198

stoics 109

Stoker, W. 61, 62

story 49, 86, 902, 118, 139, 142, 149, 170, 196202, 207, 220; see also narrative

storytelling 49, 856, 902, 149, 200, 214

Stuart Mill, J. 228

Suh, E.M. 1701

Suler, J. 145

Surrency, D. 163

Sutton-Smith, B. 556

Sylvain, R. 155

Sylvester, C. 5, 1617, 64, 71, 96, 101, 103

Tamboer, J. 189

Taylor, C. 217, 219, 228

technology 33, 133, 1358

teleology 989

Ten Have, H.A.M.J. 98

Ten Kate, L. 228

Ter Borg, M.B. 612

Thales 155, 197

theme park 49, 8990

theory of mind 856, 91, 198, 21617

Thompson, E. 127

Thompson, M. 6, 96, 100, 102

thought experiment 812, 1989

thriving 234, 64

time: free time 13, 15, 345, 41, 71, 112, 120, 190; short-short time 35;

temporality 34, 36, 70, 1224

Tollestrup, B.N. 182

tools 1358

Torkildsen, G. 1617, 1920, 22, 25

tourism 69, 74, 1067, 111, 1589, 182; spiritual tourism 1589; sustainable tourism 107; tourism ethics 1067, 111; tourist gaze 107

Trainor, B.J. 97

transcendence 3, 17, 22, 68, 109, 157, 161, 163, 165, 176, 181, 205, 228

transformation: inner transformation 20, 153; spiritual transformation 164; transformation in society 19, 324, 14150, 154, 1926, 2008, 21121, 212; transformative power of leisure 91, 20221, 212; transformative power of narratives 91, 196202, 212, 21215

Trifonas, P. 218

truth 16, 312, 54, 65, 11719, 163, 198

Turkle, S. 141

United States 22, 100, 103, 171, 218, 225, 227

universal declaration of human rights 189

urban environment 11920, 139, 173, 200

Vaesen, K. 137

values 56, 79, 98, 188, 192, 202, 2045, 211, 21314

Van der Poel, H. 22

Van der Sijde, N. 1978, 200

Van Engelen, J. 195

Van Hout, M.C. 146

Van Leeuwen, M. 12, 8, 46, 50, 60, 75, 84, 88, 1056, 123, 127, 140, 146, 14950, 164, 192, 196, 213, 2256, 228

Van Tongeren, P. 109

Van Woudenberg, R. 61

Varela, F.J. 83, 127

Veblen, T. 21, 121

Veenhoven, R. 24

Veno, A. 207

Veno, E. 207

Venter, J.C. 95

Vilhauer, M. 54

virtuality see leisure, virtual leisure

virtues 5, 18, 71, 99102, 184, 189

Visser, G. 1212

vita activa 223

vita contemplativa 22

volition 45, 57

volunteer work 148, 170

Von Foester, H. 34

Vygotsky, L. 198

Waaijman, K. 1556

Warner, G. 204

Watkins, M. 5960, 70, 74

Weber, M. 153

Weiss, P. 5

Welten, R. 107

well-being 234, 35, 64, 74, 102, 1256, 142, 15861, 16972, 1815, 1923, 1956, 202, 204

wheelchair rugby see murderball

Wille zur Macht 118, 124, 180

Willson, G.B. 158, 161, 165

Winnifrith, T. 3

wisdom 16, 18, 10910

Wise, J.B. 6, 17, 28

Wittgenstein, L. 173

Wittmann, M. 123

Wolf, S. 613

Wong, P.T.P. 61, 74

work 25, 1415, 1723, 35, 42, 478, 512, 712, 108, 118, 120, 148, 153, 190, 2256, 229; see also labour

World leisure organization 189

worship 18, 22

Wright Mills, C. 153

Yacobi, B.G. 95, 102

Yoder, D.G. 105

Zimbardo, P. 177

Zinnbauer, B.J. 157

Zipes, J. 199

Zowisło, M. 227

Zuboff, S. 193