Page numbers in bold denote figures.
abductive logic 208–9, 211, 213, 220
acceleration: social acceleration 33, 36, 120, 122, 139; acceleration of time 34–6
adolescence 51, 83, 90; leisure as existential adolescence 51, 122, 172
aesthetics 4, 6, 82, 109–10, 112, 124–6, 162, 173–6, 188, 190, 197, 212, 220–1
affect 86, 171, 183–5, 204, 227; affect attunement 87–8, 134, 142; affective resonance hypothesis 134, 179
Ahmed, Z.U. 106
Alma, H.A. 68
Appiah, K. 107
Aristotle 4, 17, 23, 64, 96, 101–2, 108, 122, 172, 219, 227–30
art 20, 124, 139, 143–4, 150, 154, 190, 192, 201; shock art 124, 174–7, 180–2
art of life 96, 108–10, 112, 122, 124–6, 128, 163, 169–70, 179, 184–5, 188, 192, 195, 219–21, 229–31
authenticity 2, 5, 23, 30–1, 49, 67, 69, 108, 119, 139, 150, 173–4, 181
Backman, K.F. 158
Baggini, J. 99
Bailey, E. 155
Bairner, A. 216
Barkow, J. 137
Barnett, L.A. 69
Bartky, S.L. 66
Bataille, G. 228
Batteau, A.W. 97
Baudrillard, J. 119
Bauman, Z. 30–2, 47, 107, 140, 224
beauty 67, 72, 109–10, 112, 139, 159, 163, 174–6, 231
Beck, U. 32
Bedeutung 61
Begum, S. 101
being 14, 23–5, 34–5, 65, 71, 73, 95–6, 102, 104, 108, 110, 121–2, 125–7, 136, 215, 224, 227–8, 230; see also Dasein
Benjamin, W. 138–9, 149–50, 173–5
Bentham, J. 21
Berger, H.M. 181
Berlin, I. 228
Best, S. 103
Bevolo, M. 208
Bingham, T. 146
Blackshaw, T. 2–6, 23, 30–1, 36, 47–8, 53–4, 60, 62, 72, 74, 107–8, 112, 120, 122, 124, 140, 147, 150, 161–2, 169, 173, 225, 228
body 43, 80–3, 102, 141, 156, 163–4, 173, 181–2, 189, 205; embodiment 7, 82–3, 86–90, 127–8, 134–5, 139–40, 142, 144–7, 149–50, 163, 176, 178–9, 185, 205, 212, 214, 225–6
Bolter, J.D. 144
Bond, C. 70
Borsay, P. 53
Bouwer, J. 1–2, 8, 46, 50, 60, 62, 75, 84, 161–2, 164, 192, 196, 228
Brackenridge, C. 104
brain 43–4, 81–2, 127, 137–8, 163
Brandom, R. 88
Bransen, J. 88
Bretherton, D. 141
Brown, L. 102
Bruce, S. 155
Brymer, E. 181
Burns, G.L. 107
Caldwell, L. 24
Calvin, J. 19
Cameron, M. 61
care 18, 42, 71, 101, 109–10, 112, 122, 125–6, 128, 229, 231; see also healthcare
Carr, N. 133
Casanova, J. 154
Castañeda, Q. 106
category mistake 44
celebration 14, 23, 72, 185, 206–7, 209, 211, 215, 219
Cenite, M. 146
centre-out-there 69
Chester, A. 141
christianity 24, 118, 156, 158, 175–8, 180, 189
Cicero 18
citizenship 17, 32, 48, 103, 154, 192, 230
city see urban environment
Clark, A. 127
Coalter, F. 1, 59, 60, 206, 218
co-creation 2, 7, 54–5, 146, 184, 188, 191–3, 196–7, 199–201, 203–4, 207, 209–12, 212, 214, 216, 218–20
Coetzee, H.K. 162
cognition 29, 43, 64, 83, 85–6, 88–90, 125, 137–8, 171, 179, 183, 185, 198, 218; embedded cognition 82–3, 86, 134, 163, 173, 225; embodied cognition 82–3, 86, 127, 134, 163–4
Cohen, J. 198
Cohen, S. 97
coherentism 66
Cokal, S. 176
community 5–6, 21, 28, 62, 71, 74, 98, 125–6, 144–7, 149, 154, 157, 171, 179, 182, 189, 199, 201–2, 205, 207–9, 216, 218–21
compatibilism (about free will) 43–6
complex adaptive system 146, 193–6, 201, 203, 212, 212–15
conceptual analysis 4, 15, 60, 73, 161–2, 165, 195, 229
connectedness 68, 74, 139, 156–60, 164–5, 181
consequentialism 99–100, 102, 111
constraints 31, 42–3, 48–50, 52, 72, 226
consumption 29, 48, 105, 119–20, 144, 163, 172, 190–1, 193; conspicuous consumption 21, 121
contemplation 2, 17–20, 22–3, 102, 162, 227, 230
Cooper, W. 4
Copernicus 117
Crane, A. 98
Crawford, G. 141
creativity 3, 19–20, 55, 123, 144, 146, 178, 181, 191–2, 196; see also remediation
Cross, G.S. 103
crowdsourcing 143, 145, 148, 193, 196
Csikszentmihalyi, M. 78, 138, 171
culture: cross-cultural interaction 147, 149–50, 184, 215–20, 225; cultural diversity 97, 216
Cunningham, P.H. 108
customer journey 203
D’Angour, A. 17
Damásio, B.F. 68
Darwin, C. 117
Davidson, I. 137
Davies, W.H. 231
Dawkins, R. 51
De Grazia, S. 2, 18, 23, 41, 104, 190, 227–8
De Jaegher, H. 89
Deleuze, G. 95
De Leeuw, J. 107
Delle Fave, A. 62
De Montaigne, M. 20
Den Hartogh, G. 96
deontology 99, 102, 105, 111, 122, 211, 213
Derrida, J. 198
Descartes, R. 20, 43, 81, 117, 137
design 49, 196, 203–4, 207–14, 212
desire 5, 45, 47, 156, 171, 173
development: child development 51–4, 83, 85–8, 198, 218; cognitive development 137–8, 142, 198, 218; self-development through leisure 16–18, 106, 109–12, 126, 128, 155, 160, 162, 172, 189–90; zone of proximal development 198; see also evolution
Dietz, K-M. 224
Dik, B.J. 68
Dingle, G.A. 181
Di Paolo, E.A. 89
disability 107, 111, 158, 182–3, 195, 205
Disney 90
Dohmen, J. 109
Doolan, C. 160
Dumazedier, J. 190
Durkheim, E. 153
dynamical systems theory see complex adaptive system
Eagleton, T. 63
Eco, U. 218
education 5, 17–18, 62, 109, 148–9, 189
EEG 43
Efteling, De 90
Eichmann, A. 178
Elkington, S. 24
embodiment see body
emotions 64, 67, 73, 82–3, 87–92, 134–5, 138, 154, 156, 161, 171–2, 179, 181, 183–5, 193–4, 204, 207
enlightenment 21, 28, 42, 117–18, 136, 154
entertainment 18–19, 69, 133, 140, 172–3, 180, 190–1, 230
Epicurus 109
epistemology 6, 29, 65–6, 70, 73–4, 99, 125, 208–10
Erfahrung 35–6, 64–5, 67, 72–3, 123, 139; see also experience, momentous experience
Erlebnis 35–6, 64–5, 67, 72–4, 119, 123, 139; see also experience, momentary experience
Erlebnisgesellschaft 119, 139; see also experience economy
ethics: applied ethics 99–100; body-based ethical theory 163–4; business ethics 100, 105–6, 111; cosmopolitan ethics 107, 111; environmental ethics 100, 103, 105, 107; ethical naturalism 134–5, 179; ethical normativity 46, 48–9, 51, 54–5, 96, 98, 101, 124, 134, 143–9, 176–81, 188, 205, 210, 216; intercultural ethics 147–50, 215–19; major ethical positions 97–102; meta-ethics 99, 101; mode 1
ethics 110; practical ethics 99–100; sports ethics 105, 189; theoretical ethics 99–100; virtue ethics 99–100, 102, 109, 111, 189
eudaimonia 64, 101–2, 108, 110–12, 122, 163, 169, 171–2, 184, 188, 210, 219, 231; see also flourishing
Europe 3, 19, 109, 117–18, 180, 199, 218, 227
event 51, 55, 57, 64, 91–2, 143, 190–2, 195–7, 201–21, 212
evolution 52, 56, 87, 117, 133, 136–8, 140, 185, 198
existentialism 3, 25, 51, 61–2, 69, 110, 117, 122, 127, 139, 157, 172–3, 185, 226
experience: experience as exploitation 121, 122; experience as state of consciousness 71, 74; immediate experience 64, 67, 73; meaningful experience 60, 65–75, 91–2, 121–4, 139, 212; modes of experience 65, 73; momentary experience 123–5, 139, 173 (see also Erlebnis); momentous experience 123, 139 (see also Erfahrung); normal and ordinary experiences 30, 153; pressure of experience 121–3; spectator experience 174, 176, 219; subjective quality of experience 64–5, 73; subjectivisation of experience 73
experience economy 66–7, 119, 139, 169–70, 173, 193; see also Erlebnisgesellschaft
experiment: leisure as experimentation 51, 54, 69, 74, 96, 110, 121–2, 125, 133, 141–2, 144, 206, 228; scientific experimentation 33, 43–4, 136, 177–8; thought experiment 81–2, 198–9
exploitation see experience, experience as exploitation
exploration see leisure, leisure as exploration
Feio, J.D.B. 207
Fennell, D.A. 106
Flanagan, K. 157
flourishing 5–6, 17, 24–5, 62–3, 100–2, 111, 164, 171, 219, 228; see also eudaimonia
fluidity: psychological fluidity 140–3, 147; social fluidity 140–3, 147; see also leisure, liquid leisure
Fosl, P.S. 99
Foucault, M. 109
Frankl, V. 67
Franssen, M. 136
freedom 23, 31, 41–57, 120, 124, 146, 228
Freire, T. 24
frenetic standstill 34, 36, 122, 229
Friedman, M. 182
Frigg, R. 199
Fulford, R. 199
fun 48, 50–1, 53, 56, 79, 90, 134, 138, 147–8, 172, 184–5, 192, 206, 214
funeral 207
Gable, S.L. 171
Gallese, V. 138
game 21–2, 49–50, 53–6, 89, 135, 141, 184, 198
Gärdenfors, P. 137
Gardner, S. 174
Gerring, J. 225
Giordan, G. 157
Gjesdal, K. 59
good life 5, 16–19, 24–5, 34, 36, 62, 95–7, 101–4, 108–12, 163, 169–70, 224–5
Goodale, T. 13, 16, 20, 155, 227–8
Gould, S.J. 56
Graham, G. 154
Gray, C.B. 22
Gray, T. 181
Greenfield, S. 133
Grusin, R. 144
Gumbrecht, H.U. 163
Guru, S. 32
Hadot, P. 109
Haidt, J. 171
Hall, J.R. 29
Haldane, J. 100
happiness 16–17, 23–5, 28, 36, 47, 63–4, 71–2, 96, 100–2, 158, 171–2, 225, 227–8, 230
Hayborn, D.M. 64
health 17–18, 71, 74, 189, 192–6, 203–5; spiritual health 159
hedonism 64, 70, 102, 109, 111, 121, 171–3, 183–5, 190, 227
Heidegger, M. 122, 125–7, 136, 228
Heintzman, P. 23, 155, 158–61, 165
Hemingway, J.L. 227
Heo, J. 158
hermeneutics 2, 31, 54, 59–60, 72, 100, 125, 142–3, 147
Hickerson, B. 226
Hirstein, W. 81
Holba, A. 3–4, 14, 18–21, 23, 230
Hoffman, J. 95
Hoffman, L. 29
hsiao yao 225
Hurd, A.R. 6
Huta, V. 102
hyperreality 119
idealism 188–91, 195, 208–11, 217, 220–1
identity: cultural identity 80, 189, 216–8; personal identity 50, 78–85, 88, 92, 135, 142, 147, 204; see also personality
Ildefonso, G.M. 18
imagination 55
imagineering 195
important, the 36, 62, 72, 74–5, 96, 110, 228–31
industrial revolution 20–1, 136, 181
information and communications technology 134–5, 138
informatisation 138
innovation 175, 192–6, 216, 220
internalisation 48
internet 119, 133, 135, 139–50, 193, 203; deep web 146; dark web 146
Iriki, A. 137
Iso-Ahola, S.E. 78
Johnson, M. 88
Jones, E.H. 29
Joseph, S. 24
Jupp, P.C. 157
Kannekens, J. 107
Keenan, T. 83
Keijzer, F. 45
Kerr, A. 141
King, L.A. 172
Kleiber, D.A. 78, 80, 159, 170
Korea: North Korea 201; South Korea 171, 218, 225
Korfmacher, C. 80
Kosmin, B.A. 155
Kross, E. 142
Kruithof, J. 61
Kuhn, T.S. 119
Kunneman, H. 32
labour 18–20, 139; see also work
Lakoff, G. 88
Layard, R. 101
Lee, J. 225
leisure: charter for leisure 189; dark leisure 51, 178–9 (see also edgework); extreme leisure 134, 176, 184 (see also edgework); history of leisure 13–25; leisure as commodity 20; leisure as contemplation 2, 17–20, 102, 162, 227, 230; leisure as devotional practice 23, 31, 36, 162; leisure as end in life 3, 5, 18, 21, 23, 25, 101–3, 108, 110–11, 185, 202, 229; leisure as experimentation 51, 54, 69, 74, 96, 110, 121–2, 125, 133, 141–2, 144, 206, 228; leisure as exploration 49, 51, 54, 56–7, 122–3, 125–6, 140, 147; leisure as human thriving 23–4; leisure as optimal human well-being 24, 35, 109; leisure as practical metaphor 56, 202, 206; leisure as relaxation 14, 20, 230; leisure as spiritual attitude 153–66; leisure as state of mind 24, 71, 74, 227; leisure-based tools 173, 192, 196, 202, 212; leisure class 21; leisure ethic 21, 97, 108–10, 112; leisure ideal 7, 16, 18, 227; leisure policy 195, 206, 208–10, 220; leisure related to the very essence of being or becoming human 25, 95–6, 110; leisure skills 142; leisure studies 1, 2, 4–6, 14–15, 59–60, 227; leisure through and with experience 70; liquid leisure 2, 107–8, 112, 140–50, 224; neighbourhood leisure 209, 216; phenomenal, contextual, temporal and valuational meanings of leisure 70; philosophical leisure 3, 4, 14, 230; serious leisure 4, 31, 41, 47, 51, 56, 84, 172, 185, 190; transformative leisure experience 207, 208, 211; virtual leisure 133–50; see also skholē; otium
Levinas, E. 228
libertarianism (about free will) 43
life: life politics 110; life satisfaction 5, 142, 170–2, 185; quality of life 24, 103, 220; see also good life
liminality 30, 205–6, 215, 219
Linley, A. 24
liquid modernity 2, 31, 120, 140; see also postmodernity
Liu, H. 59
Lord, E. 158
Luckmann, T. 155
Lucy, N. 29
Luther, M. 19
Lyas, C. 174
McAdams, D.P. 83
McDowell, K.L. 66
McLean, D.J. 105
McLean, D.L. 59
McNamee, S. 210
Malloy, D.C. 106
Mannell, R.C. 159
Mängelwesen 136
Maravita, A. 137
Marcus Aurelius 18
Mathews, N. 137
Matten, D. 98
Maxmin, J. 193
meaning: absence of meaning 227; authentic meaning 13; contextualised meaning 59–60; everyday meaning 62–3, 72–3; horizontal dimension of meaning 73; inner meaning 21–2; making meaning 68; meaning as continuum of experiences 70, 74; meaning experientialism 71; meaning holism 71; meaning of life 13, 23, 62–3, 67, 73, 75, 161, 164; meaning in life 62, 68, 73, 158–9, 161–2, 164; meaning is a dynamic concept 73; ontological meaning 72, 161, 224; pluralism of meanings 74
mechanistic conception of reality 136–8
metaphor 56, 69, 88, 120, 147, 196–7, 200–2, 206, 212, 212–13, 215, 217; generative metaphor 200–1; interactive metaphor 201; leisure as a practical metaphor 56, 202, 206
metaphysics 51, 63, 70, 98–9, 208, 210
modernity 28–36, 153; four core processes of modernity 33; hypermodernity 29; late modernity 29, 32; ‘modernity 1’ 30; ‘modernity 2’ 30; radical discontinuity with modernity 29, 36, 153; run-away-modernity 33; supermodernity 29; see also liquid modernity
Moen, O.M. 102
Mogilner, C. 101
Mommaas, H. 1
Moorhouse, H. 6
morality 33, 63, 97–9, 111, 119, 134, 143–7, 163–4, 177–81, 189, 207; minimum conception of morality 98; moral relativism 211; moral value synchronisation 211; Western morality 109, 112
Muthert, J.K. 68
Naess, A. 95
Nagel, T. 127
narrative 49, 51, 84–6, 88–9, 91–2, 122–4, 126, 142, 196–202, 204–6, 211–19, 212, 226, 228; see also story; see also storytelling
narrative practice hypothesis 85–6, 198
Netherlands, The 91, 192, 214–15
network: online social network 91, 142, 145–6, 148, 150 (see also social media); social support network 47, 91, 145, 192–4, 196, 201, 204, 206, 208, 212, 215–16, 218–19
Nietzsche, F. 117–18, 121, 124, 153, 154, 163–4, 180
Nisbett, R.E. 217
Noble, W. 137
Noë, A. 83
normativity 48, 55, 78, 83, 99, 124, 134, 146–7, 149, 176, 179
Oksala, J. 66
Olympic Ideal 189, 195, 217, 220
Olympic Games 218
ontology: leisure as an ontological category 14, 161; ontological foundation of leisure ethics 99, 112; ontological meaning 70, 72, 161
Opaschowski, H.W. 103
openness 23, 35, 91–2, 125, 139, 198, 200, 202, 206, 209, 212, 217; see also Dasein; see also liminality
optimism 24, 171, 193, 196, 206
O’Regan, K. 83
Osbeck, L.M. 110
Oshlag, R.S. 201
Ott, H. 155
Paloutzian, R.F. 164
panta rhei 224
Pargament, K.I. 157
Park, C.L. 62
Parker, S. 47
participation society 193
Patterson, I. 158
Pawelski, J.O. 102
Peirce, C.S. 208
person 44–6, 50–1, 62, 79, 81, 85, 88, 92, 125, 191, 215
personality 54, 78–9, 84; see also identity
Peters, F. 195
Petrie, H.G. 201
phenomenology 41, 45, 48, 50, 52–3, 70, 125, 127, 139, 156, 160, 163
philosophy: analytical philosophy 126–8; ancient Greek philosophy 16–18, 109–10, 197, 224 (see also Aristotle; Epicurus; Heraclitus; Plato; Socrates;stoics; Thales); ancient roman philosophers 17–18; continental philosophy 126–8, 136–7; moral philosophy 104;
philosophy of cognition 83, 85, 127
Picard, R. 101
Pieper, J. 2, 4, 22–3, 162, 190
play 2, 16–17, 21–2, 49, 53–6, 92, 125, 142, 229
playfulness 55–6, 106, 108, 111, 123, 144, 147, 191, 202, 206, 212
pleasure 16–17, 19, 21–2, 71, 89–90, 102
Possamai, A. 154
Post, P. 158
postmodernity 28–36, 48, 116–21, 139, 143, 148, 153, 169, 172–3, 175–6, 197; second postmodernity 32–3; see also liquid modernity
Pott, H. 154
Przelecki, M. 60
psychology 60–1, 67, 80–8, 118, 127, 137, 140–3, 147, 157, 170–1, 177–8; developmental psychology 51, 54, 56, 83–7; embodied psychology see body, embodiment; evolutionary psychology 137; folk psychology 85–6; positive psychology 23–4, 171
Puchalski, C.M. 156
punishment 145
Purrington, A. 226
qualia 127
quality of life see life
Ragheb, M.G. 60
Ramberg, B. 59
Rand, A. 102
rationalism 20
readiness potential 43
recreation 2–3, 14, 20–2, 103–5, 111, 160, 162, 227, 230
reframing 56, 91, 200–2, 207, 211, 213–15
Reinhard, R. 163
remediation 144
research: empirical research 71–2, 158–9, 162–4, 185, 220; phenomenographic research 70; qualitative, phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches 70
Richards, G. 191
Robertson, B. 96
Robinson, D.N. 110
Rochberg-Halton, E. 138
Rojek, C. 1, 3, 4, 14, 16–17, 22, 30–1, 36, 47, 71, 103
Roman Catholic Church 19
Roothaan, A. 156
Rorty, R. 119
Rosenkrantz, G. 95
Rowlands, M. 164
Rubin, H. 182
Rückenstein, M. 22
Russell, D. 120
Ryle, G. 44
sacred 154, 156–7, 161–3, 165, 175–6
Sager, A. 5
satisfaction: leisure satisfaction 170; life satisfaction 5, 142, 170–2, 183, 185
Scalise Sugiyama, M. 86
Schleiermacher, F. 59
Schmid, W. 109
Schneider, I.E. 158
Schnell, T. 68
Schön, D.A. 200
Schulz, J. 70
Schulze, G. 34, 119–20, 139, 173
scientific models 199
Scott, J.W. 66
Searle, J. 210
self: self-actualisation 5, 68, 110, 227;
self-care 109–10, 229; self-construal 83, 170, 181, 185; self-determination 71, 173; self-development 16–20, 109, 162–3, 172; self-knowledge 53, 109; self-management 84, 200; self-organisation 147, 191, 194–5, 207, 213; self-realisation 22–3, 109–10, 231; self-responsibility 109; self-transcendence 17, 68; see also identity; personality
Seligman, M. 171
Seneca 18
Shapiro, D. 182
shared space of the adjacent possible 198
Sharman, L. 181
Sheldrake, P. 163
Singer, P. 97
Sinn 61
Sirgy, M.J. 64
situatedness 31, 123, 125, 136–7
skholē 4, 17, 46, 71, 96, 108, 110, 122, 162, 165, 225, 228–30; see also leisure
Skorupski, J. 98
Smaling, A. 68
Smith, S.H. 103
social innovation 195–6, 216, 220
social media 54, 121, 133, 135, 140–50
sociology 4, 32–3, 59, 72, 154–5, 157, 226–7
Socrates 109
sofia 110
Solomon, R. 156
Sonck, N. 142
Sorge 122, 125–6; see also care
Spiel 54
Spinoza, Baruch de 42
spirituality 22–3, 109, 150, 153–66, 205
sport 106, 181–2, 184, 189, 205–6, 214–20; extreme sports 181–2
Spracklen, B. 178
Spracklen, K. 3–4, 14–15, 17–18, 21–2, 31–2, 36, 60, 116, 178, 226
Stanford prison experiment 177–8
Stausberg, M. 158
Stebbins, R.A. 3–4, 14–15, 17–18, 24, 41, 47, 102, 172, 190
Steenbergen, J. 189
Steger, M.F. 68
Stern, D.N. 87
Stewart, I. 198
stoics 109
story 49, 86, 90–2, 118, 139, 142, 149, 170, 196–202, 207, 220; see also narrative
storytelling 49, 85–6, 90–2, 149, 200, 214
Stuart Mill, J. 228
Suler, J. 145
Surrency, D. 163
Sylvain, R. 155
Sylvester, C. 5, 16–17, 64, 71, 96, 101, 103
Tamboer, J. 189
Ten Have, H.A.M.J. 98
Ten Kate, L. 228
theory of mind 85–6, 91, 198, 216–17
Thompson, E. 127
thought experiment 81–2, 198–9
time: free time 13, 15, 34–5, 41, 71, 112, 120, 190; short-short time 35;
Tollestrup, B.N. 182
Torkildsen, G. 16–17, 19–20, 22, 25
tourism 69, 74, 106–7, 111, 158–9, 182; spiritual tourism 158–9; sustainable tourism 107; tourism ethics 106–7, 111; tourist gaze 107
Trainor, B.J. 97
transcendence 3, 17, 22, 68, 109, 157, 161, 163, 165, 176, 181, 205, 228
transformation: inner transformation 20, 153; spiritual transformation 164; transformation in society 19, 32–4, 141–50, 154, 192–6, 200–8, 211–21, 212; transformative power of leisure 91, 202–21, 212; transformative power of narratives 91, 196–202, 212, 212–15
Trifonas, P. 218
truth 16, 31–2, 54, 65, 117–19, 163, 198
Turkle, S. 141
United States 22, 100, 103, 171, 218, 225, 227
universal declaration of human rights 189
urban environment 119–20, 139, 173, 200
Vaesen, K. 137
values 56, 79, 98, 188, 192, 202, 204–5, 211, 213–14
Van der Poel, H. 22
Van Engelen, J. 195
Van Hout, M.C. 146
Van Leeuwen, M. 1–2, 8, 46, 50, 60, 75, 84, 88, 105–6, 123, 127, 140, 146, 149–50, 164, 192, 196, 213, 225–6, 228
Van Tongeren, P. 109
Van Woudenberg, R. 61
Veenhoven, R. 24
Veno, A. 207
Veno, E. 207
Venter, J.C. 95
Vilhauer, M. 54
virtuality see leisure, virtual leisure
virtues 5, 18, 71, 99–102, 184, 189
vita contemplativa 22
Von Foester, H. 34
Vygotsky, L. 198
Warner, G. 204
Weber, M. 153
Weiss, P. 5
Welten, R. 107
well-being 23–4, 35, 64, 74, 102, 125–6, 142, 158–61, 169–72, 181–5, 192–3, 195–6, 202, 204
wheelchair rugby see murderball
Winnifrith, T. 3
Wittgenstein, L. 173
Wittmann, M. 123
work 2–5, 14–15, 17–23, 35, 42, 47–8, 51–2, 71–2, 108, 118, 120, 148, 153, 190, 225–6, 229; see also labour
World leisure organization 189
Wright Mills, C. 153
Yoder, D.G. 105
Zimbardo, P. 177
Zinnbauer, B.J. 157
Zipes, J. 199
Zowisło, M. 227
Zuboff, S. 193