A number of people have provided constructive advice concerning the contents of this book and/or supplied the example data sets and unpublished material we have used throughout. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Mark Blades, Paul Boyle, Mike Bratt, Chris Chatfield, John Coshall, Nick Cox, Robin Flowerdew, Reg Golledge, Alastair Grant, Ian Gregory, Keith Halfacree, Robin Haynes, Phil Hubbard, Dan Jacobson, Nuala Johnson, Iain Lake, David Livingstone, Paul Longley, Andrew Lovett, David Mark, Dave Martin, Victor Mesev, Stan Openshaw, Julian Parfitt, Charlie Richards, Steve Royle, Ian Shuttleworth, John Spain, Bob Taft, Chris Taylor, Nick Williams, Peter Williams, Heather Winlow, Neil Wrigley, and the Cartographic Unit in the School of Geosciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, for the preparation of the figures; Mike Wood for the idea behind Figures 6.5/6.6.
The computer program GASP, used in Chapter 6, was developed and programmed by Mike Bratt and Rob Kitchin. We are grateful to Mike for his time and effort. We would also like to acknowledge the work and patience of Matthew Smith and Shuet-Kei Cheung at AWL, and Sally Wilkinson for commissioning the book.
This book was written while both authors were lecturers at the School of Geosciences, Queen's University of Belfast.
Rob Kitchin and Nick Tate
Belfast, September 1998
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:
Sage Publications Inc for figure 2.1 from p. 17 of C. Marshall and G.B. Rossman (1995) Designing Qualitative Research; Arnold for figure 2.2 from p. 85 of R.M. Downs (1970) 'Geographic space perception: past approaches and future prospects' in Progress in Geography 2: 65-108; Simon Jones and the data archive at the University of Essex for figure 3.6; Routledge for figure 3.7 from D. Martin (1996) Geographic Information Systems', the American Statistical Association for figure 5.6 from F.J. Anscombe (1973) 'Graphs in statistical analysis' in American Statistician 27: 17-21; John Wiley & Sons Inc for figure 6.1 from A.H. Robinson et al. (1995) Elements of Cartography, Humphrey Southall for figure 6.2; John Wiley & Sons Inc for figure 6.3 from chapter 8 by Mike Batty in P. Longley et al. (eds) (1998) Geocomputation: A Primer, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. for figure 6.4 from D. Dorling & D. Fairbairn (1997) Mapping: Ways of Representing the World; Addison Wesley Longman Ltd for figure 6.7 from C. Jones (1997) GIS and Computer Cartography, L.H. Systems Ltd for figure 6.9; Iain Lake and the Ordnance Survey for figure 6.17; the Ordnance Survey for figure 6.20; the Ordnance Survey and Taylor & Francis for figure 6.22 from S. Openshaw and S. Alvanides' chapter in A. Frank et al. (eds) (in press) Life and Motion of Socio-economic Units', Blackwell Publishers for figure 6.31 from D. Ebdon (1985) Statistics in Geography, M. Goodchild for figure 6.33 from M. Goodchild (1986) 'Spatial Autocorrelation' in Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography 47; the Ordnance Survey for figures 6.34 and 6.35; Allen & Unwin for table 3.3 from J. Silk (1979) Statistical Concepts in Geography, John Wiley & Sons Limited for table 3.4 from A.S.C. Ehrenberg (1975) Data Reduction: Analysing and Interpreting Statistical Data', Chris Dixon for table 3.5; the Economic and Social History Society of Ireland for table 4.3 from M. Turner (1984) 'Livestock in the agrarian economy of counties Down and Antrim from 1903 to the famine' in Irish Economic and Social History 11: 19-43; Pion Ltd for table 4.4 from A.D. Clif and J.K. Ord (1973) Spatial Autocorrelation', the Provincial Treasury and Government of Prince Edward Island, Canada for table 4.5; Blackwell Publishers for table 5.4 from D.Z. Sul and J.D. Wheeler (1993) 'The location of office space in metropolita' in Professional Geographer 45; the Royal Geographical Society for table 5.7 from N.J. Williams, J. Sewel and F. Twine (1986) 'Council house allocation and tenant incomes' in Area 18; the Royal Geographical Society for table 5.9 from P.R. Waylen and A.M. Snook (1987) 'Success in the football league, 1921-1987' in Area 22; Blackwell Publishers for table 5.7 from J. Coshall (1988) 'The nonparametric analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures in geography' in Professional Geographer 40; John Wiley & Sons Inc for table 6.1 and box 6.3 from P. Longley et al. (eds) (1999) Geographical Information Systems: Principles, Techniques, Management, Applications', the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for table 6.3 from V. Mesev (1998) 'The use of census data in urban image classification' in Photogrametric Engineering and Remote Sensing (PE & RS) 64(5): 431-38; Taylor & Francis for table 7.1 from R. Tesch (1990) Qualitative Research: Analysis Types and Research Tools', Sage Publications Inc for tables 8.2 and 8.3 from R. Kitchin (1997) 'Exploring spatial thought' in Environment & Behavior 29(1): 123-56; David Martin for box 3.12 from D. Martin (1993) The UK Census of Population 1991; NCGIA for box 3.14 from H. Calkins (1990) 'Unit 8 socioeconomic data' in M.F. Goodchild and K. Kemp (eds) NCGIA Core Curriculum', Kenneth E. Foote for box 6.5 from K.E. Foote and D.J. Hubner (1995) 'Error, accuracy and precision' in The Geographer's Craft Project at the University of Texas at Austin.
The census data used in the preparation of Figures 6.22 are © Crown copyright. The digital boundaries used in Figures 6.22 are Crown and ED-LINE Copyright and were provided as part of the ESRC/JISC 1991 Census of population initiative.
Portions of MINITAB Statistical Software input and output contained in this book are printed with permission of Minitab Inc. MINITAB is a trademark of Minitab Inc. in the United States and other countries and is used herein with the owner's permission.
Whilst every effort has been made to trace owners of copyright material, in a few cases this has proved impossible, and we would like to take this opportunity to apologise to any copyright holders whose rights we may have unwittingly infringed.