INDEX

Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.

 

12 Angry Men (1957), 178

1932 Code of Practice, 89

1968 Democratic National Convention, 166

2 Live Crew, 184–85

24 Hour Psycho (1993), 189

A&M Records, 190–91

Abel, Richard, 34

Abie’s Irish Rose (1922), 92; Nichols v. Universal, 104

Ace in the Hole, aka The Big Carnival (1951), 99

actualities, 27

adaptation, 12, 36, 42–45, 47–51, 55–56, 58, 84, 86, 91, 95, 139

Adobe Flash Player, 224

Adorno, Theodor, 68

Adrian, Gilbert, 94

Adventures of Rin Tin Tin, 103

The Adventures of Sam Spade, 103

Alfred A. Knopf, 103–104

Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore (1974), 188

Allen, Woody, 145–46, 150

Altman, Robert, 129

Amador, Charles, aka “Charlie Aplin,” 72, 74–75, 102, 108

Amazon.com, 219–20, 226

American Broadcasting Company (ABC), 103, 125, 170–71, 179; dispute with Monty Python, 137–43

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 234

American Graffiti (1973), 132

American Library Association, 240

American Mutoscope & Biograph, 19–21, 28–29, 33, 35, 37, 55, 80, 204; Biograph v. Edison, 62–67, 84

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), 88

American Writers Association, 89

American Zoetrope, 123

Anatomy of a Murder (1959), 125

Anger, Kenneth, 187–90

Antonioni, Michelangelo, 123

AOL, 221–22, 232

Apocalypse Now (1979), 123

Apple, Inc., 173, 205, 214–21; Macintosh computer, 215–17; Steve Jobs and, 173, 215, 217–20

Arnheim, Rudolph, 67

Artists and Models (1937), 106

The Asphalt Jungle (1950), 150

AT&T, 206

Au Telephone, 66

Audio Home Recording Act (1992), 209

Aufderheide, Patricia, 199, 225

auteurs/auteurism, 8, 110–11, 123–24, 126, 128; New Hollywood auteurs, 129–30, 133–37, 143–45, 149

authorship, 6–7, 15, 75, 82, 101, 111, 133, 136, 139, 143, 150, 235; theory of, 89–90, 110; work for hire, 112

Autry, Gene, 119–22; Autry v. Republic Prods., Inc., 120, 124–25, 128, 139

avant-garde, 185, 190, 192; artists, 182, 188–89, 196, 225; film, 185–86, 188, 190–91; found footage, 185

Azlant, Edward, 56

Backtrack (1990), 129

The Bad Seed (1956), 127

Baker, Senator Howard, 166

Ballet mécanique (1924), 70

Balshofer, Fred, 34

Balzac, Honoré de, 102

Band, Jonathan, 213

Barlow, John Perry, 227

Barney & Friends, 229

Batman Dracula (1964, unfinished), 186

Battlestar Galactica (TV series, 1978–79), 131–33, 135, 148

Bayh, Birch, 176

Beauty and the Beast (TV series, 1991), 171

Beban, George, 73

Behind the Door (1974), 134–35

Behind the Door II (1977), 134

Beister, Edward, 160

Belasco, David, 55, 80

Bell, Howard, 127

Belton, John, 149

Ben Hur, 47, 49–50, 52; on Broadway, 49, 54; Kalem v. Harper Brothers, 37–38, 45, 53, 55–58, 87, 107, 173; film, 45–47, 51; novel, 37, 45–46, 48

Benjamin, Walter, 68

Benny, Jack, 7, 105–107, 183

Bergman, Ingrid, 105–107

Berlin, Irving, 158

Bernbach, Doyle Dane (advertising agency), 170

Berne Convention, 44–45, 54, 113, 144, 146–48, 150

Betamax (Sony), 140, 160–62, 166–67, 169–70, 172, 206, 208, 233

Biograph. See American Mutoscope & Biograph

Birnbaum, Dara, 188

The Black Crook, 41; Martinetti v. Maguire, 42

Black Hole (1979), 131

Black Maria, 38

blacklist, 98, 116

Blackmun, Justice Harry, 159, 178

Blaustein, Julian, 100

Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographic Company (1903), 30, 32, 52, 54

Blockbuster Video, 181

blockbuster, 130, 134, 181

Blonde Venus (1932), 77

Blow-up (1966), 123

Bogart, Humphrey, 103

Bogdanovich, Peter, 123

Bolles v. Outing (1899), 25

Bone, Judge Homer T., 120–22, 125–26

Bordwell, David, 19

Bosworth Company, 55

Boucher, Rick, 211

Boyer, Charles, 85, 105

Boyle, James, 198

Brady, Matthew, 14

Brady, William A., 43

Brandeis, Louis, 60

Brenan, Justice William, 227

Brest, Martin, 129

Breyer, Stephen, 159–60

British Broadcasting Company (BBC), 137–38, 141, 143

Brooker, Will, 195

Bruzzone, Donald, 167–68

Buchwald, Art, 100

Buck Rogers, 130

Buffington, Judge Joseph, 30–32, 34, 57

Burkan, Nathan, 71–75

Burrows-Giles Lithographic Company v. Sarony (1884), 15, 17–18, 24–25, 41

Burton, Richard, 100

Bush, George W., 237

Business Software Alliance, 156

Caesar, Sid, 105–106, 182

Cahiers du cinéma, 123

Cain, James M., 7, 84–90, 97; James M. Cain v. Universal Pictures Co., 86–87

Capra, Frank, 77, 144–45, 150

Carlyle Productions, 124–25

Carol Burnett Show, 107

Carpenter, Karen, 189, 191

Carpenter, Richard, 189–91

Carr, Harry, 81

Carson, Johnny, 228–29

Carter, Judge James Marshall, 106–107, 182

Casablanca (1942), 103

Cawelti, John, 130

Center for Social Media, 241

The Champion (1915), 71

Chaplin, Charlie, 7, 67–77, 92, 102, 104, 105, 108; Chaplin v. Amador, 75–76; co-founder United Artists, 109; influence on avant-garde, 70; Little Tramp character, 70–72, 74, 76; as Romantic genius, 67–68, 74–75, 77

character copyright, 74, 76, 104–105, 185

Charles, Ray, 187

Cheyenne (1947), 103

Chinatown (1974), 130

Chip and Dale, 174, 178

Choy, Christine, 186

Christening and Launching Kaiser Wilhelm’s Yacht Meteor (1902), 23, 27, 30, 34–35

Christian Broadcasting Network, 230

Church of Scientology, 221–22, 228

Churchill, Winston, 74

cinema of attractions, 38, 40, 42

CinemaScope, 170

Citizen Kane (1941), 104, 144

CleanFlicks, 151, 153–54

ClearPlay, 151, 153

Clinton, Bill, 209

The Cohens and the Kellys (1926), 92

colorization, 144–46, 148–51

Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 103, 161, 166, 170, 179, 226, 234; Electronic Video Recorder (EVR), 161–62, 230

Columbia Pictures, 124–25, 182

Columbia University, 56, 160

Coming to America (1988), 100

Communications Decency Act of 1996, 222

Congress (U.S.), 2, 7–8, 18, 27, 30, 41, 43–45, 47, 48, 54, 56, 58, 110, 113–15, 146–50, 153, 155–57, 159–61, 163, 166, 174–77, 181, 202, 209, 212, 221–22, 237, 240, 242

Connor, Bruce, 185–86, 188

Constitution (U.S.), 3, 6, 40

Cooper, Drury, 63

Coppa, Francesca, 192

Coppola, Francis Ford, 123, 130; American Zoetrope, 123

copy protection, 179–80, 201–211, 218, 220

Copyright Act (1909), 30, 43–45, 47, 54, 56, 58

Copyright Act (1976), 48, 112, 159, 161, 163, 165–66, 175

Copyright Office, 13, 19, 23–24, 27, 37, 112, 146, 149, 212–14, 240

Copyright Term Extension Act (1998), 236–39

copyright terms, 3, 242

copyright wars, 5, 10, 236

Cornell, Joseph, 185, 188

Cosgrave, Judge George, 79–80

Courtney, Minerva, 68

Craven, Wes, 151

Crawford, Joan, 94

Creative Commons, 241

Crowther, Bosley, 85

Curwood, James Oliver, 109

da Vinci, Leonardo: Mona Lisa, 185

Daily Show (TV program), 225, 234

Dallas, Judge George Mifflin, 24, 26–31

Daly, Augustin, 66

Dastar v. Twentieth Century-Fox (2003), 143

David, Owen, 78

A Day at the Races (1937), 77, 98

Day of the Animals (1977), 134

Deady, Judge, 41–42

Dean, Howard, 237

Death of a Gunfighter (1969), 128

Delli Carpini, Michael X., 212

DeMille, Cecil B., 55, 77

Desny v. Wilder, 99–100

Dick, Kirby, 199

Dickson, W. K. L., 21

Dietrich, Marlene, 77

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 9, 200, 202, 212, 214–15, 221–22, 223, 224, 227–33, 235, 236, 237, 240; anticircumvention provisions, 210–11, 214, 218, 219; safe harbor provision, 223–24, 228, 231, 232; success of Apple Inc., 220

Digital Future Coalition, 237

Dill, Clarence, 114

Directors Guild of America, 128, 146–49, 152

Dishonored Lady (1930), 94–95

Disney, Walt, 68

Disneyland, 103, 171

documentary film, 182, 196, 198–200, 213–14

Don’t Look Back (1967), 197

Double Indemnity (1944), 88

Duchamp, Marcel, 185

Duffy, Bill, 115, 146

Duffy, Senator F. Ryan, 115

Dumas, Alexandre, 103

Dune (1984), 129

Dunne, Irene, 85

dupes/duping, 12, 19–20, 24, 26–29, 32–35, 58, 62–63

DVD, 151, 162, 201–202, 203, 205, 206, 209–211, 212–13; Content Scrambling System (CSS), 201, 210–11

DVD Copy Control Association (DVD-CCA), 210, 213

Dyer, Frank, 33–34, 44, 63

Dykstra, John, 131

E.T. (1982), 180

Easy Rider (1969), 123

Eckhardt, Joseph, 21

Éclair Company, 55

Edison, Thomas, 2, 6, 12–13, 19–20, 21–28, 30–35, 38, 41, 42–44, 55, 62, 64–66, 77, 102, 104, 181, 203–205, 210, 220–21, 234; dispute with Lubin, 21–35; patents, 21–23; Trust, 5, 7, 22, 34, 45, 47, 55

Edison Manufacturing Company, 5, 13, 19–29, 32–34, 37, 44, 64, 215; Black Maria, 38; registering films as photograph, 13, 32

Edison v. Lubin (1903), 18, 26–27, 30, 34–35, 37, 44, 50, 56–58, 62

Eldred v. Ashcroft, 238–39

Electronic Frontier Foundation, 6, 156, 212, 227, 229–31, 234, 237, 241

Electronic Video Recorder (EVR), 161–62, 230

Eliot, T. S., 70

Ellison, Harlan, 232

“Emancipation of Rodney,” 78–79, 82

EMI, 219

Encyclopedia Britannica v. Crooks, 167

end user license agreement (EULAs), 195

Erlanger, A. L., 45

errors and omissions insurance (E&O), 197–98

ESPN, 168–69, 174; SportsCenter, 168

Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, 71

The Exorcist (1973), 130, 134; Warner Bros. Inc. v. Film Venture International, 135

Faden, Eric, 157

fair use, 48–49, 143, 152–53, 155–69, 173–74, 176, 178, 182, 184, 200, 211, 213–14, 223–26, 229, 231, 234, 241; avant-garde and, 186–90; documentary film and, 196–99

Fairbanks, Douglas, 8, 108–109, 112–13, 119, 154; Fairbanks v. Winik, 108–110

Fairey, Shepard, 191

Family Move Act, 153

Fantasia (1940), 171

Faulkner, William, 96

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 179

Federal Communication Commission (FCC), 238; Financial Interest and Syndication (Fin-Syn), 170

Felix the Cat, 69

Ferguson, Judge Warren J., 172–75, 207–208

Film Culture, 124

The Film Integrity Act of 1987, 148 Film Ventures International (FVI), 134–36

First Amendment, 1, 58, 100, 107, 122

first-sale doctrine, 177, 180–81

Flash Gordon, 130

Flickr, 223

Foley, Thomas, 149

Fonda, Henry, 178

Fong, Kandy, 192–93

Ford, Gerald, 161

Ford, John, 123, 130

Fosselius, Ernie, 194

Fox News, 230, 234

Fox Studios, 5, 206

Fox v. Universal, 133

Frank, Barney, 223

Frankfurt School, 68

Free Press, 238–39

FreeCulture.org, 239

French New Wave, 123

The Freshman (1925), 77–82

Friedkin, William, 123, 129–30, 133–35

From Here to Eternity (1953), 105–106, 182–83

From Spikes to Spindles (1974), 187

Fuller v. Bemis, 41, 42, 62

Fuller, Loie, 41–42, 61–62, 80; Serpentine Dance, 41–42, 62, 80

Further Off the Straight and Narrow (2006), 197

Gaines, Jane, 19

Gaslight (1944), 105–107, 183

Gates, Bill, 216, 220

Gauntier, Gene, 45

Geller, Uri, 228–29

genre, 7, 38, 59, 60, 64, 76, 84, 87, 102, 107, 130, 134–36; chase film, 64; conventions, 134–35; exploitation, 34; homage, 130; horror, 134; parody, 106; science fiction, 130–34, 192

Gephardt, Richard, 148

Gibson, Mel, 151

Gilliam, Terry, 8, 137–41

Gilliam v. ABC, 137–43, 152

Gilmore, John, 227

Gilmore, William, 33

Ginsburg, Jane, 111

Godard, Jean-Luc, 123

Goettel, Judge Gerard, 183

Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933), 127

Goldman, Ben, 72, 74

Goldmark, Peter, 161

The Gold Rush (1925), 77

Gomery, Douglas, 206

Google, 220, 224, 226, 228, 232–33

Gordon, Douglas, 189

Gore, Al, 209

Gortikov, Stanley, 209

graphical user interface (GUI), 216–17

The Great Train Robbery, 34

Greene, Graham, 74

Griffin, Russell M., 192

Griffith, D. W., 66, 108–109

Grizzly (1976), 134

Grouper (video-sharing site), 225, 232

The Guardian (1990), 129

Gunning, Tom, 66

Gypsy (1962), 127

Gypsy in My Soul (1976), 143

Haber, Joyce, 124

Hal Roach Studios, 144–45

Hammett, Dashiell, 103–104

Hand, Judge Learned, 76, 90–92, 94–95, 97, 98, 104

Hardware Wars (1977), 192, 194, 196

Harper and Brothers, 45–46, 48–51, 54

Harrison, Judge Benjamin, 120

Harry Potter series, 36

Hawks, Howard, 123

Hayes, Howard, 22, 24–26, 34

Haynes, Todd, 189–91

Hays, Will, 94

Heard Over the Phone (1908), 66

Hegedus, Chris, 197–98

Hertzberg, Hendrik, 141

Hilderbrand, Lucas, 166

Hill, Judge Irving, 133

Hitchcock, Alfred, 189

Hogan’s Heroes (TV series, 1965–1971), 104–105

Hollywood Ten, 115–16

Hollywood, 3, 4, 8, 36, 59–61, 67–68, 76, 82, 84, 87, 92, 94–97, 101, 105–108, 116–18, 120, 124, 127–28, 133, 143, 148, 151–53, 157, 163–64, 170–71, 176–79, 181–82, 192, 201, 205–206, 209, 214, 222, 225, 231, 233, 235; blacklist, 116; New Hollywood, 130, 133–34, 136–37, 143–45, 149; self-regulation, 2; studio system, 8, 9, 59, 61, 74, 98, 109–110, 123, 128; studios, 1, 37, 67, 89, 96, 98, 102–103, 115, 118, 122–23, 134, 137, 144, 151–52, 170, 174–75, 177–79, 182, 185, 191, 202, 206, 208, 210–11, 214, 222, 232, 236, 237, 241; treatment of writers, 86–89, 115; and television, 101–105, 118–19, 120, 122, 124, 127

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr., 30, 32, 37, 52–55, 57–58, 174; The Common Law, 52

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Sr., 15

home video, 6, 8, 144, 151–52, 155, 157, 161–62, 168, 171–72, 174–75, 177, 180, 210; DVD, 151, 162, 201–206, 209–211, 212–16; rentals, 174, 177, 180–81, 208; sales, 180; VHS, 172, 177, 206–207, 213. See also Video Cassette Recorder

Hoover, Herbert, 114

Hoover, J. Edgar, 96

Hope, Bob, 68, 76

Hopper, Dennis, 129

horror film, 134

House Committee on Un-American Activities, 116

How a French Nobleman Got a Wife Through the New York Personal Columns, 64

Hoyt, Eric, 100

Hudner, Judge John, 74

Hughes, Howard, 158, 168

Huston, John, 150

I Am Curious Yellow (1969), 123

idea/expression dichotomy 60, 66, 81, 90, 97

idea protection, 99–100

In Living Color, 107

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), 146

Industrial Light and Magic (ILM), 131

intellectual property, 2–4, 6, 19, 53, 86, 101, 133, 168, 217, 223, 234–35, 241; extension of body, 121–22

internet, 4, 6, 122, 202, 211, 219, 221, 224–25, 227, 232, 236, 240; file sharing, 58, 233

iPad, 218–20

iPhone, 156, 218–20

iPod, 169, 211, 214, 218, 220

Iron Curtain (1948), 116–17

It’s a Wonderful Life (1946), 144–45

iTunes, 20, 205, 214, 218–19, 226

Jack and the Beanstalk, 28–29, 34

The Jack Benny Program (TV series, 1950–1965), 105, 182

Jaszi, Peter, 60, 150, 198–99, 225, 237

Jaws (1975), 2, 130, 134–36; Universal v. Film Venture International, 135

Jaws 2 (1978), 134

Jaws 3-D (1983), 135

Jenkins, Henry, 195, 200, 225

Jesse Lasky Feature Play Company, 55

Jhally, Sut, 197–98

Jobs, Steve, 173, 215, 217–20

Johnson, Steve, 220

Joyce, James, 70

Kalem Company, 41, 45–52, 54, 56

Kalem v. Harper Brothers, 37–38, 45, 53, 55–58, 87, 107, 173

Kaplan, Benjamin, 160–61

Kapor, Mitch, 227

Karandash, 69

Karim, Jawed, 233

Karno’s Speechless Comedians, 67

Kaustenmeier, Robert, 164

Keaton, Buster, 67

Kennedy, John F., 158

Keystone Studios, 68

Kinetograph/Kinetoscope, 21, 42

King of Kings (1927), 77

King’s Row (1942), 103

Klaw & Erlanger, 45–46, 48–49, 51, 54–55

Klein, Justice Arthur, 125

Klein, Naomi, 190

Koch, Justice Edward R., 117

Koons, Jeff, 191

Kracauer, Siegfried, 68

Lacombe, Judge Emile, 41–42, 80

Land, Chris, 73

Landy, Marcia, 138

Lang, Fritz, 123

Lanham Act (1946), 142

Lanning, Judge, 35, 66

Lardner, James, 170, 181

Larson, Glen, 131

Larson, John Howard, 115–16, 146

Lasker, Judge Morris, 139–42

Lasky, Jesse, 56

Laurel and Hardy, 69, 144

Laurel, Stan, 69, 76, 105

Leader Company, 105, 112

Lean, David, 95

Lederberg, Dov, 186

Léger, Fernand, 70

Lehman, Bruce A., 202

Lenz, Stephanie, 230–231

LeRoy, Mervyn, 127

Lessig, Lawrence, 5, 200, 238–39

Letty Lynton, 94; Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures, 94–98; film (1932), 94–95; novel (1931), 94

Leval, Judge Pierre, 184

Lewis, Wyndham, 70

Library of Congress, 23–24, 166, 212. See also Copyright Office

Lieberfarb, Warren, 201, 209

Life of an American Fireman, 34

The Life of Brian, 143

Little Caesar (1931), 127

The Little Mermaid (1989), 171

Lloyd Company, 78, 82

Lloyd v. Witwer, 77, 80–81, 84

Lloyd, Harold, 7, 70, 76–84, 90, 92, 96–97, 105

Lloyd, Susan, 84

Locke, John, 121; Lockean Property Theory, 121–22, 126, 139

London, Jack, 55

The Lonely Villa (1909), 66

Love Affair (1939), 85–86

Lubin, Siegmund, 21–24, 26–28, 30, 32–35, 43, 53, 64, 181

Lucas, George, 4, 8, 123, 130–33, 136, 145–48, 150, 192–96; dispute over Battlestar Galatica, 131–33; moral rights, 145–48; fan vidding 192–96; LucasFilm, 4, 193–94, 196

L’ultimo squalo (1981, aka, Great White, aka The Last Jaws), 134–36

Lumbard, Judge Joseph, 142

Lumière Brothers, 204; projector, 20

Lynch, David, 129

Macdonald, Dwight, 74

MacDonald, Scott, 187

MacLaine, Shirley, 143

Macrovision, 179–80, 207–208, 210–11

MAD Magazine, 158

Maddow, Ben, 150

Madeline (1950), 95

magic lantern, 25

Majestic Film Company, 108–109, 112

The Maltese Falcon: novel, 103–104; Warner Bros. Pictures v. CBS, 104

The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), 124

Mann, Anthony, 185

Manovich, Lev, 221

Marley, Bob, 187

Marx Brothers, 7, 76–77, 98

The Matrix, 225

Matsch, Judge Richard P., 153–54

Matsushita, 172

Mattel, 190

MCA, 162, 170–75, 180; DiscoVision, 162, 171

McCain, John, 230

McChesney, Robert, 238–39

McDowell, Roddy, 179

McLuhan, Marshall, 118

McSherry, Corynne, 231

Mean Streets (1973), 188

Media Access Project, 238

Media Education Foundation (MEF), 197–98

Meet Joe Black (1998), 129

Meetup.com, 237

Méliès, Gaston, 27

Méliès, Georges, 19–20, 27

Messmer, Otto, 69

MGM, 94, 98, 103, 106, 144, 146, 182, 206

The Mickey Mouse Club, 171, 173

Microsoft, 207, 210, 215–18, 220, 23; Windows, 216, 218

Mildred Pierce (1945), 88

Miller Brewing Company, 167–68

Milton, Joyce, 72

Minimum Basic Agreement, 88, 100

Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood (TV program), 178

Modern Times (1936), 2

Montgomery, Robert, 94

Montoro, Edward, 134–35

Monty Python and the Holy Grail

(1975), 137, 140

Monty Python, 137–43, 225; Gilliam v. ABC, 137–43, 152

Monty Python’s Flying Circus (TV program), 137–38, 140–41, 143

The Moon Is Blue (1953), 124

Moore, Annabelle, 38, 42

moral rights, 110–18, 121–22, 124–25, 127–30, 136–37, 139–42, 144, 146–48, 150–54

Morris, Harry, 73

Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 144, 148, 152, 153, 156, 162, 163–64, 174, 175–77, 179, 180, 194, 199, 210, 213, 231, 235, 241; home video, 175–77

Motion Picture Exhibitors League, 75

Motion Picture Patents Company, 13, 35–37, 44, 47, 56, 181

Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, 3

Moveon.org, 237

Movie Crazy (1932), 97

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), 77

Mrazek, Robert, 149

Mrazek-Yates Amendment, 149

Murphy, Eddie, 100

Musser, Charles, 19, 66

Mutual Film Corporation, 73, 90–92

Mutual v. Ohio, 57

MySpace, 225

Napster, 9, 207, 211, 233, 238

National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), 126

National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 170, 226, 230

National Endowment for the Arts, 147

National Film Preservation Act (1988), 148–49, 153

National Film Preservation Board, 148–49

National Film Registry, 148 National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 96

A Narrow Escape (1908), 66

Nelson, Ricky, 187–88

The Nervous Wreck (1923), 78

Netscape, 218

New Hollywood, 130, 133–34, 136–37, 143–45, 149

Newman, Alfred, 116–17

Nichols v. Universal, 94, 104

Nichols, Anne, 92

Nichols, John, 238

nickelodeons, 175

A Night at the Opera (1935), 98

A Nightmare on Elm Street, 105

Nimmer, Melville, 175

O. Henry, 55

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 60

O’Reilly, Tim, 221

Obama, Barack, 230

Ochs, Lee, 75

Off-Air Taping Guidelines, 164–65

Orbison, Roy, 184

Organization for Transformative Works, 241

Osterberg, Robert, 139, 142

Ott, Fred (Fred Ott’s sneeze), 13, 23, 32

The Outlaw (1943), 144

Paik, Nam June, 188

Paley, William, 161–62, 170

Palin, Michael, 139–41

paper prints, 13

Paramount Decision (1948), 123

Paramount, 55, 100, 104–105, 131, 181, 193, 206; Director’s Company, 123

Parker, Trey, 143

parody, 2, 48, 70, 105–107, 143, 182–83, 194, 196, 200, 225, 234

The Passion of the Christ (2005), 151

Pathé Frères, 13, 34, 64, 66

Patry, William, 149, 164

Patterson, Frances Taylor, 56

Pazen, Joseph, 72–73

Pennebaker, D. A., 197

Personal (1904), 62–67

Photoplay Author’s League, 87–88

Picasso, Pablo, 185

Pickford, Mary, 109

The Pilgrim (1923), 70

piracy, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 20, 27, 32, 34, 58, 60, 143, 174, 179, 181, 194, 205, 210, 219, 220

A Place in the Sun (1951), 125

plagiarism, 60, 77–79, 84, 92, 96–97, 98; unintentional, 80–81

Planet of the Apes, 179

Playboy Magazine, 221–22

Polaroid, 179

politique des auteur, 123–24. See also auteurs/auteurism

Pollock, Dale, 131, 193

Porter, Edwin, 28–29, 64–66

The Postman Always Rings Twice: film (1946), 88; novel, 84, 88

The Power and the Glory (1933), 87

Preminger, Otto, 8, 124–25, 127; Preminger v. Columbia Pictures, 125–28, 138–39

Presley, Elvis, 187–88

Preston, Judge H. L., 75

Price of Pleasure: Pornography, Sexuality & Relationships, 198

Price, Byron, 89

Prince, 231

Prince, Richard, 191

Prince, Stephen, 178

Prodigy, 221–22

Production Code Administration, 3, 88, 94

Project for Information Justice and Intellectual Property, 241

Protazanov, Yakov, 66

Psycho (1960), 189

public domain, 3, 4, 56, 70, 82, 91, 94, 103, 111–12, 117, 145–46

Public Knowledge, 240–41

Quicktime, 221

Quo Vadis (1951), 127

radio, 12, 106, 160

The Race Track, 74

Ramsaye, Terry, 11, 33, 71

Randi, James, 228–29

Reagan, Nancy, 145

Reagan, Ronald, 148

Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 156, 208–209

Reiner, Rob, 151

Report (1963–1967), 186

Republic Studios, 119–22

Return to Hoth (1981), 192–93

Revue Productions, 170–71

Ringer, Barbara, 160, 173

Road to Glory (1937), 96

Rodenberry, Gene, 193

Rogers, Roy, 119–22, 124; Republic v. Roy Rogers, 120, 122, 128, 139

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 114

Roosevelt, Theodore, 23

Rose Hobart (1936), 185

Rosen, Jeffrey, 52

The Roy Rogers Show, 199

Sadoul, Georges, 19, 66

Safety Last (1923), 78

Sandler, Adam, 84

Sandow, Eugene, 38

Sapient, Brian, 229

Sarony, Napoleon, 15

Sarris, Andrew, 124, 147

Saturday Night Live, 183, 225

scènes à fair, 84, 87, 96

Scent of a Woman (1992), 129

Schary, Dore, 98

Schein, Harvey, 170

Schindler’s List (1993), 151

Schwartz, Eric, 149

Scorpio Rising (1964), 187–89

Scorsese, Martin, 188

Screen Gems, 125

Screen Writers Guild, 88–89, 95–96, 98, 115. See also Writers Guild of America

Sculley, John, 217

The Searchers (1956), 130

Sega, 221–22

Segrave, Kerry, 40

Selig Company, 23

Selig, William, 27, 55

Seltzer, Wendy, 227

Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 114

Sender, Katherine, 197, 212

Sennett, Mack, 67–68

Serenade, 84, 86

Serpentine Dance, 41–42, 62; Fuller v. Bemis, 42, 62

The Seven Chances (1925), 66

Shales, Tom, 131

Shane (1953), 125

Sheets, Robert, 96

Sheffner, Ben, 231

Sheinberg, Sidney, 170–71

Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures, 94–98

Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 55

Shoulder Arms (1918), 72

Silent Running (1972), 133

Silver, Josh, 238

The Simpsons (TV series), 196, 199, 225

Sirk, Douglas, 85

Smith, Harry, 186

Smith, J. Blair, 21–22, 24–25

Smith, Madeline, 94–95

Smithee, Allen (pseudonym), 128–29

Snow White (1937), 171

So’s Your Uncle (1943), 97

Soderbergh, Steven, 152

Solberg, Thorvald, 24, 34–35, 44, 114

Something to Live For (1952), 125

Sony v. Universal (1984), 169–75, 178–79

Sony, 140, 160, 171–72, 176, 207–208, 225, 234; Betamax, 140, 160–62, 166–67, 169–70, 172, 206, 208, 233; U-Matic, 160

Soupault, Philippe, 68

Souter, Justice Donald, 184

South Park (TV series), 143, 225

Spielberg, Steven, 130, 133–36, 145–48, 150–52

Stalag 17 (1953), 104

Stam, Robert, 147

Stanwyck, Barbara, 106

star system, 59, 111

Star Trek (TV series), 192–93

Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1978), 131

Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), 180

Star Wars (1977), 130–34, 192–96; franchise, 4; characters, 105; compared to Battlestar Galactica, 135, 148; fans, 194–96

Startup.com (2001), 197

State Censor boards, 58

Stein, Gertrude, 70

Stephens, Judge Albert, 104

Stevens, George, 124–25, 127; Stevens v. NBC, 126–28, 138–39

Stevens, Justice John Paul, 178

Stewart, Rosella, 99

Stodard v. Mutual, 92, 95

Stone, Matt, 143

Story, Judge Joseph, 12

The Strength of Donald MacKenzie (1916), 91

Stumpf, Richard J., 207

Sturges, Preston, 87

Sugarland Express (1974), 147

Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (1987), 189–91

Supreme Court of California, 99–100

Supreme Court of New York, 109, 117, 125

Supreme Court of the United States, 15, 17, 26, 32–33, 50, 52, 57, 95, 142–43, 159, 170, 172, 174, 178, 238

Swisher, Kara, 149

The Taming of the Shrew (1967), 100

Tarzan and Jane Regained Sort Of (1964), 186

Taylor, Elizabeth, 100

Technology/Transformation (1976), 188

television, 102, 118, 124, 138, 140–41, 225; advertising, 162; American network, 138, 140–41; audience, 170; British public, 141; film broadcast rights, 118–20, 122, 127–28; home video, 161, 164–65; industry, 101–102, 139, 162, 166, 232; PBS, 137; relation to Hollywood, 101–105, 118–19, 144, 154, 170; syndication, 137

Thalberg, Irving, 94, 98

This Film is Not Yet Rated (2006), 199

Thornton v. Schreiber, 17

Thurmond, Sen. Strom, 176

THX1138 (1971), 123

Time-Life, 137, 158, 167, 186

Time-Warner, 213

Tivo, 169

To Be or Not to Be (1942), 106

Topper (1937), 144–45

Townsend, Edward, 54

Townsend Amendment (1912), 13, 54

Trade-Mark Cases (1879), 15, 17

Triangle Film Corporation, 105, 112, 154

Trilogy Studios, 151–52 A Trip to the Moon (1902), 19, 27

Trippi, Joe, 237, 239

Truffaut, François, 123

Trumbull, Douglas, 133

Tur, Robert, 232

Turner, Ted, 144, 146–47, 152

Turner Classic Movies (TCM), 150

Turner Entertainment, 150

Twentieth Century-Fox, 96, 116–17, 132–33, 175, 194, 221, 234

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1903), 43

United Artists, 67, 109–110

Universal v. Lloyd, 97

Universal, 55, 84, 86, 89, 92, 96, 123, 132–33, 135, 148, 172, 176, 178–79, 231; MCA/Universal, 132, 177, 206; Music Group, 229–31

Vaidhyanathan, Siva, 90, 133, 229, 238

Valenti, Jack, 144, 149, 152, 162, 174–76

Vanderbilt Television News Archive, 166

vaudeville, 40, 42, 53, 68, 72, 75–76; copyright, 61–62, 67; Chaplin, 67

Vestal Bill, 114–15

VHS, 172, 177, 206–207, 213

Viacom, 181, 193, 225–26, 229, 231–33

Video Cassette Recorder (VCR), 3, 4, 8, 12, 58, 156, 160–62, 164, 166, 169–79, 182, 201, 207–208, 212

Video Software Dealers Association, 181

Visconti, Luchino, 88

Visual Artists Rights Act, 113, 148

Vitagraph Company, 20, 55

von Lohmann, Fred, 6, 227–28

von Sternberg, Josef, 77

Wallace, General Lew, 45–47, 49

Wallace, Henry, 46

Walt Disney Company, 4, 84, 103–104, 131, 157, 171–78, 213, 234, 239

Wanger, Walter, 84

Warhol, Andy, 186, 188, 191

Warner Bros., 4, 103–104, 123, 135, 206, 239;

Warner Brothers Presents, 103;

Warner Home Video, 201;

Warner Music Group, 234

Warren, Judge Earl, 173–74

Wasserman, Lew, 133, 148

The Waterboy (1998), 84

Watson, Billy, 73

Waxman, Henry, 209

Way Out West (1937), 144

web 2.0, 221–22, 234

Wellman, William, 116

West, Billy, 68, 73

Western Electric, 206

Wheaton v. Peters (1834), 111

When Tomorrow Comes (1939), 85–86, 89

White-Smith v. Apollo (1908), 30, 52–53

Wide World of Entertainment, 137

Wiese, Michael, 194

Wikipedia, 223

Wilbur, Judge Curtis, 81–82

Wilde, Oscar, 15, 41

Wilder, Billy, 7, 99–100, 104

Williams, John, 136

Wilson, Edmund, 74

Wilson, Heather, 230

Witwer, H. C., 78–79, 82

Wizard of Oz (1939), 127

Wonder Woman (1975), 188

The Woodsman (1911), 90

Woolsey, John, 90

work for hire, 112

World Trade Organization, 9, 237

Wozniak, Steve, 173, 215

Writers Guild of America, 88, 100–101. See also Screen Writers Guild

Xerox, 216

Yahoo!, 221, 223–24

Yankwich, Judge Leon, 86–89, 92, 97

Yates, Sidney, 149

YouTube, 2, 6, 9, 143, 156, 191, 223–26, 228–34, 236

Your Show of Shows (TV series, 1950–1954), 105, 182

Zapruder, Abraham, 158; Zapruder film, 158, 168, 186

Zeffirelli, Franco, 100

Zhdanov, Andrei, 117

Zobel, Judge Rya, 168

Zukor, Adolf, 5