Abitur, 52
Abramovicz, Zofia Grochowalska, 303
Adler, Rudolf, 244
Adorno, Theodor, 314
Alex and Helmut leaving Montauban for, 189
Alex’s letter requesting liberation from, 204–207
author’s research on relatives in, 10
internment of Jews and other refugees, 201–203
living conditions, 203–204
memorial to people interned in, 208–209
status report by camp commandant, 207
Agency for the Rescue of Children (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants, OSE), 138
Aix-en-Provence, 238
Aldenburg, 35. See also Oldenburg
Altes Gymnasium Oldenburg (AGO), 50–54, 58–59, 67–68, 316
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the Joint)
editorial on success of, 125–126
finding asylum for St. Louis passengers, 114–118
overseeing transfer of St. Louis passengers, 118–122
on suspension of exit visas for Jews (1942), 263
unresolved controversy regarding, 125–126
“Angel of Death,” reference to Josef Mengele, 289–290
anti-Semitism
history of Montauban and, 191–192
Nazi Party encouraging, 92
St. Louis voyage and, 94–95
of Vichy government, 184–186
Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC), 171–172
Arisierung, 46
Arum, 131–132
Aryanization
of Jewish enterprises, 58–60
national violence and, 55–56
rise of Nazi Party, 46–47
of schools, 58–59
author and wife’s visit to, 299–302
deportation of Jews from Drancy camp to, 277
erasing sins of, 304
feelings of guilt about inability to save relatives, 308
Final Solution to Jewish Problem, 290
founding of camp, 287–288
in list of extermination camps, 291
living conditions, 288–289
murder of Gerda Philippsohn, 29
Nazi cover-up before Soviet advance, 295–296
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Museum, 299
Bach, Johann Christoph Friedrich, 16
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 283–285, 304–305
Baker, Janet, 304
Banquet of Nations, The, 267
Baranowski, Hermann, 57
Bar-le-Duc, 144–145
Bayer chemical, drug testing on camp inmates, 289
Beaudouin, Eugène, 275–276
Beckman, Theodor, 27–28
Behrens, Elkan Simon, 166, 309, 313
Behrens, Helen (wife of author’s cousin), 312–313, 315–324
Behrens, Johanna, 225
Behrens, Steven (author’s cousin), 165–169, 309–313, 315–324
Behrens, Toni. See Goldschmidt, Toni (grandmother)
Belzec, in list of extermination camps, 291
Bibliothèque Municipale, Boulogne, 133–134, 138–142
Birkenau (Auschwitz II), 291, 294–297, 302–303
Biscuits Poult, 188–189, 196–197
Black Death, 213
Black Thursday (Jeudi noir), 263
Blanksma, Tjitse, 132
Blitzkrieg, 181
Bohny-Reiter, Friedel, 230
Borah, William, 180
Boschen, Elsa, 40
Boulez, Pierre, 171
Boulogne-sur-Mer
arrival of Jewish refugees from St. Louis, 134–138
author’s journey and arrival in, 130–134
author’s research in, 138–142
Bibliothèque Municipale, 133–134, 138–142
Bousquet, René, 187–190, 202, 264, 307
Boyer, Odette, 265
Boyken, Annemarie, 34–35
Breger, Lotte, 226
Breitman, Richard, 127–128
Bremen, 74–75
Bremer-Vulkan Shipyards, 77
Brzezinka extermination camp, 292
Buch, Friedrich, 83
Buchenwald concentration camp, 82, 287
Bückeburg, Germany, 16–17, 307
Bussières, Amédeé, 117
C. H. Kori, 294
Camp d’Agde. See Agde, concentration camp
Camp de Rivesaltes. See Rivesaltes, concentration camp
Camp des Milles. See Les Milles, concentration camp
Camp du Martinet, 166–167
Campra, André, 175
Camus, Albert, 198
Canal du Midi, 201
Cantaloube, Joseph, 171
Carcassonne, 199
Carl von Ossietzky University, 32–33
Casals, Pablo, 216–217
Cassin, René, 208
Cathedral of Notre Dame, in Boulogne, 133
Catlin, George, 174
cemeteries, vandalized by Nazis, 314
cemetery, at Sachsenhagen, 19, 21–22, 25–27, 30–31
Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 77–78
Central Refugee Committee of Paris, 116–117, 155
Centre National de Rassemblement de Israélites (National Center for the Gathering of Jews), 221–222, 264
Chambon-sur-Lac, 171–172
Château de Vincennes, 272–273
Chaumont, 272
Chelmo extermination camp, 291
City of Light. See Paris
Civil Service Law (1933), 290
Clauberg, Dr. Carl, 289
Claudius, 133
Coast Guard, and St. Louis, 106, 128
Comité d’Assistance aux Réfugiés (CAR), 117, 135, 155
Contrexéville, 145, 162, 271–272
Côte d’Azure, 213
Cousi, G. R. (painter), 180
Crystal Night. See Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
cyanide, use in extermination camps, 293–294
Czechoslovakia, Munich Agreement and, 202
da Vinci, Leonardo, 180
Dachau concentration camp, 287, 294
Daladier-Marchandeau ordinance of 1939, 185
Dali, Salvador, 214
Daumas, Eugène, 194
Dauphin, Irene, 207
de Gaulle, Charles, 171
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 149–150
Decree 937, 98
Degas, Edgar, 152
DeLaunay, David, 175–177
délit d’opinion (felony of thought), 183
Delmenhorst, 75
Der Judenstaat (Herzl), 152
Devil in France, The (Feuchtwanger), 240, 244
Devil’s Island, 151
Dobrowolski, Antoni, 296
Dona nobis pacem (Bach), 305
Drancy camp, 265, 268, 275–279, 297
Dreyfus, Alfred, 151–153
Drouilhet, Jean-Claude and Monique, 10–11, 173–178, 191–198
Drumont, Edouard, 150–151
Duborg, Louis William Valentine, 177
Edison, Thomas, 24
Eichmann, Adolf, 291
Eilers-Dörfler, Germaid, 317
Eisenach, 283–285
Eisfeld, Theodore, 77
End of the Trail (Fraser), 193
Esterhazy, Ferdinand Walsin, 151
ethnic cleansing, Hitler’s ethnic goals, 287
Eus, 235
euthanasia campaign, of National Socialists, 69
Evian Conference, 79
extermination camps, 190, 277, 291
FDR and the Jews (Breitman and Lichtman), 127–128
felony of thought (délit d’opinion), 183
Flossenbürg concentration camp, 287
Fondation du Camp Des Milles, 265
food/water. See living conditions
Forster, E. M., 24
France
anti-Semitism in, 150–153
contemporary anti-Semitism, 208
history of Jews in, 149–150
Jewish refugees and, 153–156
journey of Alex and Helmut to locations in, 165–169
St. Louis refugees accepted by, 116–120
St. Louis refugees disembark in, 134–138
St. Louis refugees sail to, 122–124
Vichy government. See Vichy government
Franco, Franciso, 201
Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, 150
Fraser, James Earle, 193
French Revolution, 149–150, 179, 191
Gartenstrasse, 61, 64–65, 70–73, 310, 313–316, 319, 322–324
Gerda Philippsohn School, 29–30
Gestapo
Alex and Helmut applying for exit passport, 82
arrest and imprisonment of Bishop Théas, 191
arrest and internment of Antoni Dobrowolski, 296
death sentences at Auschwitz, 298
quality of life in Nazi Germany, 137
role in extracting refugees from internment camps in Unoccupied Zone, 182
rounding up Jews in Sachsenhagen, 28
seizure of Captain Buch of St. Louis, 83
surveillance and death of Carl von Ossietsky, 33
Wannsee Conference and, 290–291
Gineste, Marie-Rose, 190–191
Goldschmidt, Alex (grandfather)
anti-Jewish forces against, 49
arrest and imprisonment of, 57–60
attempted emigration to Cuba, 79–82
boarding St. Louis, 85–86
at Central Hospital of Contrexéville, 271–272
characteristics of, 34–35
early life of, 24–25
execution in gas chambers at Birkenau in 1942, 297
hardships of, 2–3
Haus der Mode, 41
at Hotel International agricultural center, 160–162
internment at Agde, 202–207
internment at Camp des Milles, 245
internment at Drancy, 277
internment at Montauban, 188–189, 192–194
internment at Rivesaltes, 223–229
letter from Camp du Martinet (1940), 166–169
letters from Camp des Milles, 247–248, 251–253, 256–257, 261–262
Mantelhaus Goldschmidt, 42–44
marriage, children, and home of, 36–41
memorial service in Oldenburg, 316–324
name on Wall of Names at Shoah Museum, 274
National Socialist German Workers’ Party and, 44–45
plea for help, 269
release from prison, 79
sale of home forced by Nazis, 46
son’s failure to save, 3–4
as victim of deportation policy, 264–265
Goldschmidt, Bertha (aunt), 37, 49, 319
Goldschmidt, Carl (uncle), 25
Goldschmidt, Eva (aunt), 40, 49, 51, 65–66, 319
Goldschmidt, Günther Ludwig. See Goldsmith, George Gunther (father)
Goldschmidt, Johanna (great-great-grandmother), 20–22
Goldschmidt, Klaus Helmut (uncle), 305, 307
arrest of, 56–57
attempted emigration to Cuba, 80–82
author’s visit to Helmut’s school, 67–68
author’s research on story of, 8–10
birth of, 40
boarding St. Louis, 85–86
departing for Martigny-les-Bains, 138
disembarking St. Louis in France, 119–120
dismissal of Jews from school, 58–59
early life and schooling of, 49–54
hardships of, 2–3
at Hotel International agricultural center, 160–162
internment at Agde, 202–204
internment at Auschwitz, 297–298
internment at Camp des Milles, 245–251
internment at Drancy camp, 277
internment at Montauban, 188–189, 192–194
internment at Rivesaltes, 223–225, 227–229
letters from Camp des Milles, 249, 253–255, 257–263
memorial service in Oldenburg, 316–324
name on Wall of Names at Shoah Museum, 274
Nazis’ murder of, 4
plea for help, 269
Goldschmidt, Levi (great-great-grandfather), 19–22, 28
Goldschmidt, Max (uncle), 25
Goldschmidt, Moses (great-grandfather), 22–26, 28
Goldschmidt, Peter (brother), 4–5, 8
Goldschmidt, Toni (grandmother), 36–41, 59–60, 166, 309–310, 319
Goldsmith, George Gunther (father)
affection for Saint-Rémy, 235
early life of, 37–40
emigration to United States, 1, 3, 226–227
employment in U.S., 250, 255–256, 258
failure to save family from Nazis, 3–6
last years of, 6–8
letters from Camp des Milles to, 247–249, 251–254, 258–262
memorial service in Oldenburg and, 319
reaction to The Inextinguishable Symphony, 2
saying goodbye to father and brother on St. Louis, 86
scattering of ashes in Oldenburg, 315–316
securing affidavit for Alex and Helmut, 256
Goldsmith, Rosemary (mother)
affection for Saint-Rémy in Provence, 235
emigration to United States, 1, 3–4, 226–227
employment in U.S., 250, 255–256, 258
letters from Camp des Milles to, 247–249, 251–254, 258–262
working for Pierre Boulez, 171
Good King René, 236
Göring, Hermann, 77–78
Goseling, Carolus, 115
Gottschalk, Max, 115
Gouges, Olympe de (feminist writer), 179–180
Gould, Glenn, 217
Graepel, Friedrich Otto, 38
Great Freedom (Grosse Freiheit), 87
Great War. See World War I
Grosse Freiheit (Great Freedom), 87
Grynszpan, Herschel, 55–56, 58, 182
Gumpert, Julian, 226
Hamburg
author’s arrival in, 74–76
emigration of Jews to Cuba, 79–82
HAPAG ships sailing from, 76–78
music in history of, 87–89
preparing St. Louis for Cuba, 82–86
Hameln (Hamelin), 20
HAPAG (Hamburg American Packet-Shipping Joint Stock Company), 76–82
Hapsburg Empire, 286
Harkis (Algerians), at Rivesaltes camp (1954), 223, 229
Harlingen, 132
Hart, Peter, 157
Haus der Mode, 34–35, 38, 41, 42–44, 61
Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America (HIAS), 263
Herrmann, Frau, 29–30
Herzl, Theodore, 152
Hestermann, Ottheinrich, 51, 54
Hestin, Audrey, 272
Heydrich, Reinhard, 77–78, 290–291
HIAS (Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America), 263
HICEM organization, helping Jews emigrate, 243
Himmler, Heinrich, 287–288, 291
Hindeloopen, 132
Hitler, Adolf
assuming power in 1933, 149
early history of National Socialism, 44–47
French armistice and, 181–182
on meaning of St. Louis voyage, 130
Munich Agreement and, 202
Nuremberg Laws of, 48
social, ethnic, and military goals, 287
Holocaust
Auschwitz as epicenter of, 288
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Museum, 299
author as Jewish descendant of victims of, 62
Birkenau and, 301–302
Camp Agde and, 208
German legacy and, 283
memorial at Yad Vashem in Israel, 191
Peschanski, Denis, as historian of, 230
Rivesaltes and, 212
survivors, 309
Zuccotti, Susan, as historian of, 265
Holocaust Memorial Museum (United States)
archivists of, 168
author’s visits to, 8–9
letter from Alex at Camp Agde, 204–205
researching Alex and Helmut’s journey through France, 165
researching Camp des Milles, 241, 244
researching Rivesaltes, 221–224
researching St. Louis refugees, 11, 83, 96, 98, 121, 123
Holthusen, Claus-Gottfried, 78, 84
Holy Roman Empire, 286
Hope Chained, war monument in Montauban, 192–194
Hotel des Emigrants, Boulogne, 135–138
Hotel International, at Martigny-les-Bains agricultural center for Jewish refugees, 156–164
history of, 148–149
ruined hopes for, 168–169
visit to, 145–147
House of Coats. See Mantelhaus Goldschmidt
House of Style. See Haus der Mode
Hugo, Victor, 273
Immigration Act of 1924, 127–129, 245
Inextinguishable Symphony, The (Goldsmith), 1–2, 5, 165–166, 226
Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique (painter), 180
International Red Cross, 202
International Relief Association, Inc. (IRA), 250
IRA (International Relief Association, Inc.), 250
Iron Cross, First Class, 2, 38, 44
Jacob, Max, 278
Jacoby, Dietgard, 70
attending memorial in Oldenburg, 313–315, 317–318, 320, 323–324
hosting author in Oldenburg, 34, 62
scattering of George’s ashes, 64–65
James the Conqueror, 213
Janssen, Ingrid, 275, 279–281, 283
Jaspers, Karl, 50
Jeudi noir (Black Thursday), 263
Jewish Cultural Association, 226
Jewish Problem, 47–48, 77–78, 185, 290
Jews
anti-Semitism of Vichy government, 184–187
Aryanization of Jewish enterprises, 58–60
commemoration of Jews persecuted in Germany, 313–314
expelling Jewish children from schools, 58–59
extermination policy via Final Solution, 290–291, 296
fleeing Germany, 154–156
fleeing Germany via Hamburg, 77–82
Gestapo round-up of, in Sachsenhagen, 28–29
history in France, 149–150
Hitler’s social, ethnic, and military goals, 287
life in Sachsenhagen, 17–19
mass deportation to extermination camps, 190–191
Nazi Party and, 45–48
policy enforcing delivery of foreign Jews to Nazis, 263–264
professions/excluded professions of, 21
subtle and overt attacks on, 50–55
Joffre, Joseph, 218
Joint, the. See American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
Joseph, Liesl, 118
Journey Into Freedom (Hart), 158
Judaism, 4–5
Karliner, Herbert, 113–114, 128
Karliner, Joseph, 82
Kennedy, Joseph P., 116
Kindertransport, 308–309
Kishagashugah, chief of Osage tribe, 175–178
Klarsfeld, Serge, 190
Knochen, Helmut, 184
Kremer, Johann, 289
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
arrest of author’s grandfather, 319
German Jews response to, 78–82
Grynszpan, Herschel, blamed for, 182
Janssen, Ingrid, and events in Oldenburg, 279–280
spurring France to take refugees, 155–156
La Cité de la Muette (The Silent City) (Lods and Beaudouin), 275–281
La France juive (Drumont), 150–151
La Libre parole, 151–152
Labarthète, Henri du Molin de, 184
Lambert, Raymond-Raoul, 117, 135, 155, 186
L’Auto daily, 152
Law Against Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities, 50–51
Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honor, 48
Le Velo sports daily, 152
Lebensraum, 287
Leger, Alexis, 116
Lenz & Company, 295
Leopold III, King, 115
Les Milles, 238–239. See also Camp des Milles; Les Milles, concentration camp
Les Milles, concentration camp, 307
artists and intellectuals at, 244–245
author and wife’s visit to, 264–270
author’s research on relatives in, 9–10
brick factory as internment camp for refugees, 239
letters from Alex and Helmut, 251–255
living conditions, 240–243
as product of Vichy government, 239–240
U.S. immigration policy and, 246–251
Lichtman, Allan, 127–128
Liliane, Madame Gerard, 163–164
Lipman-Wulf, Peter, 244–245
Agde, 203–204
Auschwitz, 288–289
Camp des Milles, 240–242
Drancy, 276
Rivesaltes, 218–221
Lods, Marcel, 275–276
Long, Breckinridge, 246
Louis XV, King of France, 175
Luther, Martin, 284
Maginot Line, German invasion and, 180
Majdanek extermination camp, 291, 295
Majorca, 213–214
Manen, Henri, 264–265
Mann, Golo, 244
Mantelhaus Goldschmidt, 43–45, 61
Margoshes, Samuel, 124–126, 140–142
Markreich, Max, 166, 225–226, 245, 250–251, 260
Marseille (Massalia), 236, 243–244
Martigny-les-Bains
agricultural center for Jewish refugees, 156–162
author’s journey to, 143–149
internment of Alex and Helmut at Camp du Martinet, 167–169
meeting with Madame Gerard Liliane, 163–164
ruins of Hotel International, 307
St. Louis refugees disembarking in, 10–11
Master Race, twenty-five-point platform, 45–46
Maussane-les-Alpilles, 237
Mauthausen concentration camp, 287
medical research (experimentation), at Nazi concentration camps, 289
memorials. See also Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States
at Agde, 208–209
at Altes Gymnasium in Oldenburg, 316
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial Museum, 299
at Camp des Milles, 265
at Drancy, 275
at family home in Oldenburg, 310–313
at Gerda Philippsohn school, 29
for Jews persecuted in Germany, 313–315
at Montauban, 192–194
at Rivesaltes, 230–231
Menage, Pieter Pieters, 132
Menage, Pieter Thomas, 132
Mengele, Josef, 289–290
Merton, Thomas, 216
Meyerbohlen, Carsten and Monica, 70–73, 310–311, 316–324
Meyerhof, Otto Fritz, 244
Milhaud, Darius, 181
Mitterrand, François, 190
Mona Lisa (da Vinci), 180
Mont Sainte-Victoire, 237
Montauban
anti-Semitism in, 191–192
author’s research on relatives in, 10
Drouilhet family as hosts in, 173–180
internment of Alex and Helmut, 188–189
memorial service honoring Alex and Helmut, 193–194
millennial flood in 1930, 187–188
war monuments in, 192–193
Montbrison, 171
Montes, Elodie, 214, 217–218, 229–232
monuments. See memorials
More Judaico, 150
Munich Agreement, 202
Musée de la Résistance et de la Déportation, in Montauban, 180, 191
Musée Ingres, in Montauban, 180
National Center for the Gathering of Jews (Centre National de Rassemblement de Israélites), 221–222, 264
National Jewish Daily, 124–126
National Socialist German Workers’ Party. See Nazi Party
National Youth Organization (NYO), Belgium, 120
Native Americans, 174–177, 193–194
American public opinion and, 111
Aryanization methods, 58–60
attempts to erase evidence of war crimes, 295–296
climate of fear created by, 65
desecration of Jewish cemeteries, 314
extermination statistics, 301
forcing resignation of Professor Moritz Weiler, 96–97
history of Goldschmidt family in Oldenburg and, 319
on meaning of St. Louis voyage, 130
medical research (experimentation) at concentration camps, 289
national violence and, 55–56, 58
Nuremberg trials of Nazis, 294
policies, laws, edicts, 46–48, 50–51, 69, 92, 115, 184, 287, 291–292, 319
protecting art in the Louvre from, 180
regarding Jews as “criminal race,” 112
Wannsee Conference and, 290–291
Neidhardts, Roland and Hiltrud
attending memorial for Alex and Helmut in Oldenburg, 316–324
author’s relationship with, 33–34
on hypocrisy of citizens of Oldenburg, 68–70
role in placing memorial plaque for Alex and Helmut, 310–315
scattering of George’s ashes, 60–65
Neufchâteau, 166–169
Neutrality Acts during 1930s, U.S., 127–128
Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht). See Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
Nostradamus, 237
Nuremberg Laws, 47–48, 184–185
Nuremberg trials, of Nazi war criminals, 294
NYO (National Youth Organization), Belgium, 120
capital of, 199
Occitan language, 171
“Ode to Joy” (Schiller), 285
Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (OSE, Agency for the Rescue of Children), 138
Aryanization of Jewish enterprises, 60
author and wife’s visit to, 32–35
as first state with elected Nazi leaders, 45–48, 317
Goldschmidt family home, 37–44, 49
history of, 35–36
Jewish history in, 279–280
memorial for Alex and Helmut, 310–314, 316–324
national violence, 55–56
prisoners herded to Sachsenhausen, 57
scattering George’s ashes in, 315–316
Oldenburg, Friedrich August von, 36
Oldenburger Pferde, 36
Ordre des Médecins, anti-Semitism of Vichy government, 185
Osage tribe, 174–178, 193–194, 197
Ossietzky, Carl von, 32–33
Oswiecim, 282–283, 285–287, 299. See also Auschwitz
assassination of German Embassy official, 56, 58
author and wife’s visit to, 272–274
Central Refugee Committee, 116–117, 155–156
as cultural center (1920s), 153
invasion and occupation by German army, 180–182
James Joyce fleeing, 14
Jeudi noir (Black Thursday), 263
Osage delegation visiting, 175–176
Rothschild bank, 150
Vélodrome d’Hiver (Winter Velodrome) detention center, 189–190
Pearl Harbor, 290
People of the Middle Waters. See Osage tribe
Perpignan, 213–214
Peschanski, Denis, 230–231
Pétain, Henri-Philippe, 180–184, 189, 195
Peyrouton, Marcel, 185
Pferdehändler profession, 21–22
Philip the Fair, King, 179
Philippsohn, August (great-grandmother), 24–25
Philippsohn, Gerda, 29
Philips, Deborah, 273, 311, 315, 317
“phony war,” 180
Pied Piper, 20
pilgrimage, author’s trip as, 308
Pitchipoi myth, 276–278
Place des Martyrs, in Montauban, 180, 191
Plague, The (Camus), 198
poison gas. See gas chambers
Poland, Lebensraum policy and, 287
Port Barcarès, 213
Provence, 235–237
Rameau, Jean Phillippe, 170
Rassenkunde, 52
Ravensbrück concentration camp, 287
Reeperbahn, 86–87
Reich Citizenship Law, 48
Reich Security Office (RSHA), 290
Reitlinger, Gerald, 293
Relatives Rule, U.S. immigration policy and, 246–247
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 152
Resistance
Jean-Claude Drouilhet on, 197–198
monument to local partisans in Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, 194–195
public hanging in Montauban, 180
role of Marie-Rose Gineste in, 191
Reynaud, Paul, 180–181, 183–184
Ricciotti, Rudy, 230–231
Riga, 319
Righteous Among the Nations designation, Yad Vashem, 130, 191
“Rite of Spring” (Stravinsky), 171
River Marne, 144
author and wife’s visit to, 214–216, 229–233, 235
author’s research on relatives in, 8–12
bleakness of, 307
history of, 221–223
internment of Alex and Helmut, 223–224
living conditions, 218–221
policy enforcing delivery of foreign Jews to Nazis, 264
Roach, Amy (wife)
accompanying author on trip to Europe, 12–13
arrival in Paris, 272
attending memorial in Oldenburg, 312–313, 316–324
George’s last years and, 6–7
hosted by Drouilhet family in Montauban, 173–174, 191–197
scattering of George’s ashes, 64
side journey into Spain, 234
traveling with author in Poland, 285–286
visit to Auschwitz, 299–302
visit to Camp des Milles, 265–270
visit to Rivesaltes, 216–217, 235
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 208
Roosevelt, President Franklin, 127–129
Rosen, Emmanuel, 119
Rothschild, Baron Robert de, 185
Rothschild bank, 150
Röver, Carl, 44–45
RSHA (Reich Security Office), 290
Saarbrücken, Square of Invisible Witnesses, 314–315
Sachsenhagen
author’s visit to ancestral home, 11, 28–29
author’s visit to Jewish cemetery, 26–27, 30–31
Gerda Philippsohn School, 29–30
Goldschmidt family history, 19–27
history of, 17–19
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 57, 287, 319
safe-conduct fees, 18
Saint-André, André Jeanbon (role in design of French flag), 180
Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, 195
Saint-Nectaire, 171
Saint-Rémy, 236–237
sanitation/hygiene. See living conditions
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 231
Sarrault, Albert, 116
Sarraut, Maurice, 188
Schaumburg-Lipp, Germany, 16
Schewe, Rita, 30
Schicksalslied (Brahms), 89
Schiller, Friedrich, 285
Schlicker, Theodor, 245
Schlossgarten, 7, 36, 40, 50, 57, 61, 64, 67, 71, 315, 316, 319
Schumann, Dr. Horst, 289
Schwandner, Gerd, 317
Schwartz, Joseph, 263
Sembdner, Erika, 28–30
Septfonds, prison for Jews in, 194–195
Shoah Museum, Wall of Names, 274
Shoemate, Jack, 10
Silent City, The (La Cité de la Muette) (Lods and Beaudouin), 275–276
Sobibor extermination camp, 277, 291
“Songs of the Auvergne” (Cantaloube), 171
Soviet army, liberation of concentration camps, 295–296
Spanish Civil War, 194, 201–202, 218
Square of Invisible Witnesses, 314–315
SS Austria, 76–77
SS Deutschland, 77
St. Louis, voyage of
Alex and Helmut’s tragic story, 2–3
anti-Semitic wave in Germany and, 94–95
assigning refugees to countries, 119–120
author’s research on refugees of, 11
Canada’s failure to welcome, 112
captain and crew, 82–84
countries of asylum, 114–119
Declaration of Thanks to Troper, 120
Decree 937, 98
description of, 77
dropping off passengers, 120–122
failed negotiations in Havana, 98–104, 106–107
forces opposed to Cuban immigration, 91–94
German Jews fleeing to Cuba, 78–82
memorial service in Oldenburg and, 319
orders to return to Germany, 108, 112–113
passengers, 84–86, 90–91, 95–98
sympathy for plight of passengers, 103–106
trauma of rejection, 114
U.S. failure to welcome, 108–112
unresolved controversy over, 125–130
St. Nectarius, 171–172
St. Pauli Hafenstrasse, 86
St. Pauli Landungsbrücken, 75–76
St. Peter’s Cathedral, Bremen, 75
St. Quentin, 143
Stalag 122, imprisonment of Bishop Théas, 191
Starry Night (van Gogh), 237
Statut des Juifs (Statute on Jews), 186–187, 202, 218
Steche, Otto, 52
Steinbacher, Sybille, 291
Stolpersteine (Stumble Stones), 313–314
Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich, 171
Stumble Stones (Stolpersteine), 313–314
Supinski, Piotr, 299–300
Switzerland, 14–15
Tamara Group, 308–309, 311–312
Telemann, Georg Philip, 284
Théas, Pierre-Marie (bishop of Montauban), 190–191
Thuringian Forest, 284
Titanic, 77
Totschek, Gerti, 308
Toulouse, 199
Tour de France, launching of, 152
Treblinka extermination camp, 291
Troper, Morris C.
Declaration of Thanks to, 120
editorial on success of, 125–126
finding asylum for St. Louis passengers, 114–118
honoring, 129–130
transferring refugees to countries, 119–124
Tsigane gypsies, 194. See also gypsies
Twain, Mark, 1–2
U-Bahn (subway), 75
United States
anti-Semitism in, 111
immigration policy, 126–129, 245
St. Louis voyagers not given refuge in, 106, 128
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. See Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 208
Unoccupied Zone, 182, 185, 221–222, 263–264
van Gogh, Vincent, 237
Vélodrome d’Hiver (Winter Velodrome), 189–190, 263, 276
Veniard, Étienne de, 175
Verdun, battle of, 181
Vichy, 182–183
Camp des Milles as product of, 239–240
delivering foreign Jews to Nazis, 264
mass deportation of Jews to extermination camps, 190
policies of, 183–184
prisoners and enemies of, 307
Vietnam War, 192
Visigoths, 178
Voice of the North newspaper, 134–140
Wall of Names, Shoah Museum, 274
Wannsee Conference, 291
Wartburg Castle, 284
Waxman, Franz, 244
Wehrmann, Anneliese, 65–67
Weiler, Moritz, 96–97
Weingarten, Dr. Hendrick, 16–17
Weizman, Chaim, 79
Whannel, Garry, 273
Wiesel, Elie, 265
Wilhelmina, Queen, 115
Will, C. A., 41
Winter Velodrome. See Vélodrome d’Hiver
Alex during, 2
Alex joining army, 37
Martigny-les-Bains at outbreak of, 149
monuments in Montauban, 192
as “war to end all wars,” 181
World War II
German invasion of France, 180
internment of Germans in France, 167–169
monuments in Montauban, 192
terms of French armistice, 181–182
World Zionist Organization, founding of, 152
Yad Vashem, Righteous Among the Nations designation, 130, 191
Zahedi, Farschid Ali, 33–34, 49, 62, 316–324
Zuccotti, Susan, 265
Zyklon-B, 293–294, 295. See also gas chambers